Isaiahchapter 9
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Original Language
Isaiah 9— Hebrew word study · with the Hebrew tradition
How to read a word below: the Hebrewword, then how it sounds, then what it means, then its number in Strong’s concordance, a widely used lookup this site follows (H for Hebrew and Aramaic, G for Greek). Square brackets hold a word the English supplies that the Hebrew does not, angle brackets mark the Hebrew’s own grammatical elements that English renders as separate words, and the mark ס or פ is where the Hebrew manuscripts end a paragraph.
A Great Light: Unto Us a Child Is Born1
Isaiah 9:1· Hebrew and glosses: STEP Bible
כִּ֣יkiforH3588לֹ֣אlo'notH3808מוּעָף֮muafgloomH4155לַאֲשֶׁ֣רlaasher[will belong] to [that] whichH834מוּצָ֣קmutzakdistressH4164לָהּ֒lah[belonged] to itכָּעֵ֣תkaetlike the timeH6256הָרִאשׁ֗וֹןharishon<the> formerH7223הֵקַ֞לhekalhe treated with contemptH7043אַ֤רְצָהʾartzah[the] land of <towards>H776זְבֻלוּן֙zevulunZebulunH2074וְאַ֣רְצָהveartzahand [the] land of <towards>H776נַפְתָּלִ֔יnaftaliNaphtaliH5321וְהָאַחֲר֖וֹןvehaacharonand the latter [time]H314הִכְבִּ֑ידhikhbidhe will make honoredH3513דֶּ֤רֶךְderekh[the] way ofH1870הַיָּם֙haiyamthe seaH3220עֵ֣בֶרʾever[the] other side ofH5676הַיַּרְדֵּ֔ןhaiyardenthe JordanH3383גְּלִ֖ילgelilGalilee ofH1551הַגּוֹיִֽם׃hagoyimthe nationsH1471
Rashi on Isaiah 9:1
The people who walked in darkness The inhabitants of Jerusalem, who were darkened by their concern [of falling into the hands] of Sennacherib. Comp. with what Hezekiah said (infra:3), “This day is a day of distress, debate, and blasphemy.”
Read it in full at Sefaria · The Judaica Press complete Tanach with Rashi, translated by A. J. Rosenberg
Targum Jonathan on Isaiah 9:1
The people, the house of Israel, which walked in Egypt as in the darkness, went forth to see a great light. They that dwelt in the land of the shadow of death, upon them hath the light shined.
Read it in full at Sefaria · London "Chaldee Paraphrase," 1871
Isaiah 9:2· Hebrew and glosses: STEP Bible
הָעָם֙haamthe peopleH5971הַהֹלְכִ֣יםhaholekhimwhich walkH1980בַּחֹ֔שֶׁךְbachoshekhin the darknessH2822רָא֖וּrauthey will seeH7200א֣וֹרʾora lightH216גָּד֑וֹלgadolgreatH1419יֹשְׁבֵי֙yoshevei[those who] dwellH3427בְּאֶ֣רֶץbeeretzin a land ofH776צַלְמָ֔וֶתtzalmavetdeep darknessH6757א֖וֹרʾora lightH216נָגַ֥הּnagahit will shineH5050עֲלֵיהֶֽם׃ʾaleihemon themH5921
Isaiah 9:3· Hebrew and glosses: STEP Bible
הִרְבִּ֣יתָhirbitayou will multiplyH7235הַגּ֔וֹיhagoythe nationH1471ל֖וֹloto itהִגְדַּ֣לְתָּhigdaltayou will magnifyH1431הַשִּׂמְחָ֑הhasimchahthe rejoicingH8057שָׂמְח֤וּsamechuthey will rejoiceH8055לְפָנֶ֙יךָ֙lefaneikha<to> before youH6440כְּשִׂמְחַ֣תkesimchatlike [the] rejoicingH8057בַּקָּצִ֔ירbakatzirat the harvestH7105כַּאֲשֶׁ֥רkaasherjust asH834יָגִ֖ילוּyagilupeople are gladH1523בְּחַלְּקָ֥םbechalekamwhen divide theyH2505שָׁלָֽל׃shalalplunderH7998
Isaiah 9:4· Hebrew and glosses: STEP Bible
כִּ֣י׀kiforH3588אֶת־ʾet-<obj.>H853עֹ֣לʾol[the] yoke ofH5923סֻבֳּל֗וֹsuboloburden itsH5448וְאֵת֙veetand <obj.>H853מַטֵּ֣הmateh[the] staff ofH4294שִׁכְמ֔וֹshikhmoshoulder itsH7926שֵׁ֖בֶטshevet[the] rod ofH7626הַנֹּגֵ֣שׂhanogesthe [one who] oppressesH5065בּ֑וֹbo<in> itהַחִתֹּ֖תָhachitotayou will shatterH2865כְּי֥וֹםkeyomlike [the] day ofH3117מִדְיָֽן׃midyanMidianH4080
Isaiah 9:5· Hebrew and glosses: STEP Bible
כִּ֤יkiforH3588כָל־khol-everyH3605סְאוֹן֙seonbootH5430סֹאֵ֣ןsoen[which] marchesH5431בְּרַ֔עַשׁberaashwith shakingH7494וְשִׂמְלָ֖הvesimlahand cloakH8071מְגוֹלָלָ֣הmegolalahrolledH1556בְדָמִ֑יםvedamimin blood<s>H1818וְהָיְתָ֥הvehayetahand it will beH1961לִשְׂרֵפָ֖הlisrefahfor burningH8316מַאֲכֹ֥לֶתmaakholetfuel ofH3980אֵֽשׁ׃ʾesha fireH784
Isaiah 9:6· Hebrew and glosses: STEP Bible
כִּי־ki-forH3588יֶ֣לֶדyeleda childH3206יֻלַּד־yulad-he will be bornH3205לָ֗נוּlanuto usבֵּ֚ןbena sonH1121נִתַּן־nitan-he will be givenH5414לָ֔נוּlanuto usוַתְּהִ֥יvatehiand it wasH1961הַמִּשְׂרָ֖הhamisrahthe dominionH4951עַל־ʾal-onH5921שִׁכְמ֑וֹshikhmoshoulder hisH7926וַיִּקְרָ֨אvaiyikra'and someone calledH7121שְׁמ֜וֹshemoname hisH8034פֶּ֠לֶאpele'a wonderH6382יוֹעֵץ֙yoetza counselorH3289אֵ֣לʾelGodH410גִּבּ֔וֹרgibormightyH1368אֲבִיעַ֖דʾaviadfather of perpetuityH1שַׂר־sar-prince ofH8269שָׁלֽוֹם׃shalompeaceH7965
Isaiah 9:7· Hebrew and glosses: STEP Bible
לְמַרְבֵּ֨הlemarbehto [the] increase ofH4766הַמִּשְׂרָ֜הhamisrahthe dominionH4951וּלְשָׁל֣וֹםuleshalomand to peaceH7965אֵֽין־ʾein-there notH369קֵ֗ץketz[will be] an endH7093עַל־ʾal-onH5921כִּסֵּ֤אkise'[the] throne ofH3678דָוִד֙davidDavidH1732וְעַל־veal-and overH5921מַמְלַכְתּ֔וֹmamlakhtokingdom hisH4467לְהָכִ֤יןlehakhinto establishH3559אֹתָהּ֙ʾotah<obj.> itH853וּֽלְסַעֲדָ֔הּulesaadahand to sustain itH5582בְּמִשְׁפָּ֖טbemishpatin justiceH4941וּבִצְדָקָ֑הuvitzdakahand in righteousnessH6666מֵעַתָּה֙meatahfrom nowH6258וְעַד־vead-and untilH5704עוֹלָ֔םolamperpetuityH5769קִנְאַ֛תkinat[the] zeal ofH7068יְהוָ֥הyahwehYahwehH3068צְבָא֖וֹתtzevaotof hostsH6635תַּעֲשֶׂה־taaseh-it will accomplishH6213זֹּֽאת׃ סzotthisH2063
Bricks Fallen, Cedars Planted — the Pride of Ephraim8
Isaiah 9:8· Hebrew and glosses: STEP Bible
Isaiah 9:9· Hebrew and glosses: STEP Bible
וְיָדְעוּ֙veyadeuand they will knowH3045הָעָ֣םhaamthe peopleH5971כֻּלּ֔וֹkuloall of itH3605אֶפְרַ֖יִםʾefrayimEphraimH669וְיוֹשֵׁ֣בveyoshevand [the] inhabitant[s] ofH3427שֹׁמְר֑וֹןshomeronSamariaH8111בְּגַאֲוָ֛הbegaavahwith prideH1346וּבְגֹ֥דֶלuvegodeland with greatness ofH1433לֵבָ֖בlevavheartH3824לֵאמֹֽר׃lemor<to> sayingH559
Isaiah 9:10· Hebrew and glosses: STEP Bible
לְבֵנִ֥יםlevenimbricksH3843נָפָ֖לוּnafaluthey have fallenH5307וְגָזִ֣יתvegazitand hewn [stone]H1496נִבְנֶ֑הnivnehwe will rebuildH1129שִׁקְמִ֣יםshikmimsycamoresH8256גֻּדָּ֔עוּgudauthey have been cut downH1438וַאֲרָזִ֖יםvaarazimand cedarsH730נַחֲלִֽיף׃nachalifwe will substituteH2498
Rashi on Isaiah 9:10
And the Lord strengthened the adversaries of Rezin over him They trust in their dependence on Rezin, king of Aram, and the Holy One, blessed be He, shall strengthen the king of Assyria over him and stir him up to incite him to come upon him.
Read it in full at Sefaria · The Judaica Press complete Tanach with Rashi, translated by A. J. Rosenberg
Targum Jonathan on Isaiah 9:10
Therefore the Lord shall make strong the hatred of Rezin against him, and he will stir up his adversaries.
Read it in full at Sefaria · London "Chaldee Paraphrase," 1871
Isaiah 9:11· Hebrew and glosses: STEP Bible
וַיְשַׂגֵּ֧בvaysagevand he set on highH7682יְהוָ֛הyahwehYahwehH3068אֶת־ʾet-<obj.>H853צָרֵ֥יtzarei[the] opponents ofH6862רְצִ֖יןretzinRezinH7526עָלָ֑יוʾalavagainst himH5921וְאֶת־veetand <obj.>H853אֹיְבָ֖יוʾoyevavenemies hisH341יְסַכְסֵֽךְ׃yesakhsekhhe provokedH5526
Rashi on Isaiah 9:11
Aram from the east Aram harmed them from the east in the days of Jehoahaz and Joash, and the Philistines harmed them from the west, for the Philistines are west of them.
Read it in full at Sefaria · The Judaica Press complete Tanach with Rashi, translated by A. J. Rosenberg
Isaiah 9:12· Hebrew and glosses: STEP Bible
אֲרָ֣םʾaramAramH758מִקֶּ֗דֶםmikedemfrom [the] eastH6924וּפְלִשְׁתִּים֙ufelishtimand PhilistinesH6430מֵֽאָח֔וֹרmeachorfrom [the] westH268וַיֹּאכְל֥וּvaiyokheluand they consumedH398אֶת־ʾet-<obj.>H853יִשְׂרָאֵ֖לyisraelIsraelH3478בְּכָל־bekholwith allH3605פֶּ֑הpeh[the] mouthH6310בְּכָל־bekholfor allH3605זֹאת֙zotthisH2063לֹא־lo'-notH3808שָׁ֣בshavit has turned backH7725אַפּ֔וֹʾapoanger hisH639וְע֖וֹדveodand stillH5750יָד֥וֹyadohand hisH3027נְטוּיָֽה׃netuyah[is] stretched outH5186
Rashi on Isaiah 9:12
to the One Who smites it To the Holy One, blessed be He, Who brings these afflictions upon them.
Read it in full at Sefaria · The Judaica Press complete Tanach with Rashi, translated by A. J. Rosenberg
Head and Tail Cut Off, and the Anger Not Turned Away13
Isaiah 9:13· Hebrew and glosses: STEP Bible
וְהָעָ֥םvehaamand the peopleH5971לֹא־lo'-notH3808שָׁ֖בshavit has turned backH7725עַד־ʾad-toH5704הַמַּכֵּ֑הוּhamakehuthe [one who] struck itH5221וְאֶת־veetand <obj.>H853יְהוָ֥הyahwehYahwehH3068צְבָא֖וֹתtzevaotof hostsH6635לֹ֥אlo'notH3808דָרָֽשׁוּ׃ סdarashuthey have soughtH1875
Rashi on Isaiah 9:13
a large arch and a small arch An expression denoting kings and sultans.
Read it in full at Sefaria · The Judaica Press complete Tanach with Rashi, translated by A. J. Rosenberg
Isaiah 9:14· Hebrew and glosses: STEP Bible
Isaiah 9:15· Hebrew and glosses: STEP Bible
Isaiah 9:16· Hebrew and glosses: STEP Bible
Isaiah 9:17· Hebrew and glosses: STEP Bible
עַל־ʾal-there-H5921כֵּ֨ןken-foreH3651עַל־ʾal-onH5921בַּחוּרָ֜יוbachuravyoung men itsH970לֹֽא־lo'-notH3808יִשְׂמַ֣ח׀yismachhe rejoicesH8055אֲדֹנָ֗יʾadonai[the] LordH136וְאֶת־veetand <obj.>H853יְתֹמָ֤יוyetomavfatherless ones itsH3490וְאֶת־veetand <obj.>H853אַלְמְנֹתָיו֙ʾalmenotavwidows itsH490לֹ֣אlo'notH3808יְרַחֵ֔םyerachemhe has compassion onH7355כִּ֤יkiforH3588כֻלּוֹ֙khuloall of itH3605חָנֵ֣ףchanef[is] godlessH2611וּמֵרַ֔עumera'and doing evilH7489וְכָל־vekholand everyH3605פֶּ֖הpehmouthH6310דֹּבֵ֣רdover[is] speakingH1696נְבָלָ֑הnevalahdisgraceful follyH5039בְּכָל־bekholfor allH3605זֹאת֙zotthisH2063לֹא־lo'-notH3808שָׁ֣בshavit has turned backH7725אַפּ֔וֹʾapoanger hisH639וְע֖וֹדveodand stillH5750יָד֥וֹyadohand hisH3027נְטוּיָֽה׃netuyah[is] stretched outH5186
Isaiah 9:18· Hebrew and glosses: STEP Bible
כִּֽי־ki-forH3588בָעֲרָ֤הvaarahit has burnedH1197כָאֵשׁ֙khaeshlike <the> fireH784רִשְׁעָ֔הrishahwickednessH7564שָׁמִ֥ירshamirthorn[s]H8068וָשַׁ֖יִתvashayitand bush[es]H7898תֹּאכֵ֑לtokhelit consumesH398וַתִּצַּת֙vatitzatand it has kindledH3341בְּסִֽבְכֵ֣יbesivkhei<in> [the] thickets ofH5442הַיַּ֔עַרhaiyaarthe forestH3293וַיִּֽתְאַבְּכ֖וּvaiyitabekhuand they have swirledH55גֵּא֥וּתgeuta rising up ofH1348עָשָֽׁן׃ʾashansmokeH6227
Isaiah 9:19· Hebrew and glosses: STEP Bible
בְּעֶבְרַ֛תbeevratby [the] wrath ofH5678יְהוָ֥הyahwehYahwehH3068צְבָא֖וֹתtzevaotof hostsH6635נֶעְתַּ֣םne'tamit has been scorchedH6272אָ֑רֶץʾaretz[the] landH776וַיְהִ֤יvayhiand it wasH1961הָעָם֙haamthe peopleH5971כְּמַאֲכֹ֣לֶתkemaakholetlike fuel ofH3980אֵ֔שׁʾesha fireH784אִ֥ישׁʾisheachH376אֶל־ʾel-<to>H413אָחִ֖יוʾachivbrother hisH251לֹ֥אlo'notH3808יַחְמֹֽלוּ׃yachmoluthey sparedH2550
Isaiah 9:20· Hebrew and glosses: STEP Bible
וַיִּגְזֹ֤רvaiyigzorand it devouredH1504עַל־ʾal-onH5921יָמִין֙yamin[the] right [side]H3225וְרָעֵ֔בveraevand it was hungryH7456וַיֹּ֥אכַלvaiyokhaland it ateH398עַל־ʾal-onH5921שְׂמֹ֖אולsemol[the] left [side]H8040וְלֹ֣אvelo'and notH3808שָׂבֵ֑עוּsaveuthey were satisfiedH7646אִ֥ישׁʾisheveryoneH376בְּשַׂר־besar-[the] flesh ofH1320זְרֹע֖וֹzerooown arm hisH2220יֹאכֵֽלוּ׃yokheluthey ateH398
Isaiah 9:21· Hebrew and glosses: STEP Bible
מְנַשֶּׁ֣הmenashehManassehH4519אֶת־ʾet-<obj.>H853אֶפְרַ֗יִםʾefrayimEphraimH669וְאֶפְרַ֙יִם֙veefrayimand EphraimH669אֶת־ʾet-<obj.>H853מְנַשֶּׁ֔הmenashehManassehH4519יַחְדָּ֥וyachdavtogetherH3162הֵ֖מָּהhemahtheyH1992עַל־ʾal-onH5921יְהוּדָ֑הyehudahJudahH3063בְּכָל־bekholfor allH3605זֹאת֙zotthisH2063לֹא־lo'-notH3808שָׁ֣בshavit has turned backH7725אַפּ֔וֹʾapoanger hisH639וְע֖וֹדveodand stillH5750יָד֥וֹyadohand hisH3027נְטוּיָֽה׃ סnetuyah[is] stretched outH5186