Ezekielchapter 48
35 verses · KJVEzekiel book hub →
Key verse
It was round about eighteen thousand measures: and the name of the city from that day shall be, The Lord is there.
It stands in scene D of the chapter, verses 30 to 35.
The chapter
Chapter summary
The tribes receive parallel strips running east to west, seven to the north (Dan, Asher, Naphtali, Manasseh, Ephraim, Reuben and Judah) then the great oblation in the center with the sanctuary, the priests, the Levites, the city and the prince's land, and five to the south: Benjamin, Simeon, Issachar, Zebulun and Gad. The city is a square of four thousand five hundred each way, with twelve gates named for the twelve tribes, three to a side: the plan Revelation 21 gives the New Jerusalem. The book that opened with a departing glory ends with a name: 'And the name of the city from that day shall be, Jehovah is there.'
Context
Prophecy · Ezekiel · Ezekiel overview
Where the chapter sits
Ezekiel 48 falls in The Temple vision (chapters 40–48). Detailed architectural and liturgical vision. Literal-millennial (dispensational), symbolic-of-the-Church (Reformed), typological (amill) readings all surfaced. The glory returns; the city's name is YHWH Shammah (48:35).
YHWH Shammah. ‘The name of the city from that day shall be, The LORD is there.’
Before it: Gog and Magog, chapters 38–39.
The whole shape of Ezekiel→The world behind this chapter
Ezekiel 48The history
The division is nothing like the old map. Instead of the irregular territories won and settled in Joshua's day, the land is cut into level bands running east to west across the country: seven tribes north of the holy district and five south of it, each with a strip of coast, hill country and valley. Everyone gets a share of every kind of ground.
The rest of the history, and what it meant to them
How it is assigned is as significant as the shape. The original allotment was decided by lot, tribe by tribe, over years of fighting. This one is simply announced, and it includes tribes that had effectively ceased to exist, the northern tribes deported by Assyria a hundred and forty years earlier, listed here as though nothing had been lost.
The city is measured as a square of four thousand five hundred cubits on each side with open land around it, and it has twelve gates, three on each side, each one named for a tribe. Real cities named their gates by where the road went, the Fish Gate, the Sheep Gate, the Valley Gate. Naming every gate for a tribe means there is no side of this city that belongs to anyone in particular.
The farmland around the city is worked by labourers drawn from all the tribes of Israel, and its produce feeds the city's workers. Nobody owns the capital.
The last line of the book is the name of the city, and it is the answer to everything that went before: the LORD Is There. The book that began with the glory arriving at a canal in Babylon, and turned on the glory walking out of the temple, ends with the name of a city that cannot be abandoned.
What it meant to them
For hearers whose tribal identity was the one thing exile had not been able to take, hearing Dan and Asher and Naphtali read out with land again would have been almost unbearable. Those names had been gone since before their grandparents were born.
And the final name closes the wound the book opened. Their great terror had been that God had left. The city's name, given as its permanent title from that day onward, is a sentence about presence, and it is the same promise the last chapters of the New Testament pick up when they describe a city with twelve gates and no temple in it, because God Himself is there.
Sources cited
- Roland de Vaux, Ancient Israel: Its Life and Institutions
- John H. Walton, Victor H. Matthews and Mark W. Chavalas, The IVP Bible Background Commentary: Old Testament
- C. F. Keil and F. Delitzsch, Biblical Commentary on the Prophecies of Ezekiel
A. Seven tribal portions north of the sanctuary
1. (vv. 1-7)
a.the names of the tribes: The land is measured out in seven parallel strips running from the eastern border to the western sea, one for each tribe, beginning at the north with Dan and ending at Judah, whose portion borders the holy oblation. The order is new, not Joshua's inheritance by lot within borders shaped by rivers and hills, but straight bands laid side by side around a fixed center. The commentators read the arrangement as the vision's own logic, a kingdom ordered outward from its sanctuary, and the readings on whether the map describes a future geography or an ideal pattern are named without a verdict.
Ezekiel 48:1, 3 voicesWhat preachers and commentators have said about this verse, in their own words.
Ezekiel 48:1
“The distribution of the holy land is seen in detail throughout Ezek. 48. The order of the original occupation by the tribes under Joshua is partly, but only partly, followed. It is a new order of things - and its ideal character is evinced as elsewhere, by exact and equal measurements. From north to south seven tribes succeed each other.”
Ezekiel 48:1
“Dan--The lands are divided into portions of ideal exactness, running alongside of each other, the whole breadth from west to east, standing in a common relation to the temple in the center: seven tribes' portions on the north, five in the smaller division in the south.”
Jamieson, Fausset & Brown· Commentary Critical and Explanatory on the Whole Bible (1871)reformed
Ezekiel 48:1
“Behold how good and how pleasant a thing it is for brethren thus to dwell together! It was a figure of the communion of churches and saints under the gospel-government; thus, though they are many, yet they are one, and should hold together in holy love and mutual assistance.”
Matthew Henry· Commentary on the Whole Bible (1707-1721)puritan
Ezekiel 48:3, 1 voice
Ezekiel 48:3
“Asher--a tribe of which no one of note is mentioned in the Old Testament. In the New Testament one is singled out of it, the prophetess Anna.”
Jamieson, Fausset & Brown· Commentary Critical and Explanatory on the Whole Bible (1871)reformed
Ezekiel 48:5, 1 voice
Ezekiel 48:5
“And by the border of Manasseh, from the east side unto the west side, a portion for Ephraim. Close to the tribe of Manasseh, and the inheritance of it, which is no more reckoned a half, but a whole tribe, and has an inheritance equal to the rest, lay the tribe of Ephraim, and the inheritance assigned to that; even to such believers as are fruitful in grace and good works. Joseph is not mentioned, as in Eze 47:13, the two portions there given him being here allotted to his two sons, Manasseh and Ephraim.”
Ezekiel 48:6, 1 voice
Ezekiel 48:6
“And by the border of Ephraim, from the east side unto the west side, a portion for Reuben. Who, through his sin, lost his birthright; but now, his sin being forgiven and forgotten, has a portion assigned him upon the border of Ephraim, and next to the tribe of Judah; when in Moses and Joshua's time it lay on the other side Jordan: this points to such persons that shall have their lot and portion in spiritual things; that "see the Son", that look to Christ alone for righteousness, peace, pardon, and eternal life.”
B. The holy oblation for priests, Levites, city, and prince
1. (v. 8)
a.the sanctuary shall be in the midst of it: Judah's portion runs down to the reserved offering, and the verse's last clause states the purpose again: the sanctuary shall be in the midst of it. Chapter 45 already set this square of land apart for the sanctuary and its ministers, and chapter 48 now fixes it within the tribal map, bordered by Judah on the north and Benjamin on the south. The commentators read the placement as continuing the book's whole argument, a sanctuary lodged at the center of the nation rather than owned by one tribe's corner of it.
Ezekiel 48:8, 2 voices
Ezekiel 48:8
“Length” is throughout measured from west to east, as breadth is from north to south. The offering Eze 48:9-22, or, “oblation,” here includes all the land given to priests, Levites, city, and prince; the different parts being distinguished. All these together are to extend from west to east in the same way as the portions of the other tribes, the imaginary Jordan being the eastern boundary of all.
Ezekiel 48:8
“But our being left at this uncertainty is an intimation that these things are to be understood spiritually, and that what is principally meant is that there is an exact and just proportion observed by Infinite Wisdom in modelling the gospel church, which though now we cannot discern we shall when we come to heaven.”
Matthew Henry· Commentary on the Whole Bible (1707-1721)puritan
2. (vv. 9-12)
a.The oblation that ye shall offer unto the Lord: The priests receive the innermost portion, twenty five thousand reeds by ten thousand, most holy ground reserved for the sons of Zadok, the ones who kept my charge, which went not astray when the children of Israel went astray, as the Levites went astray. The wording repeats the standard chapter 44 already set for Zadok's line, that faithfulness under apostasy is what the office now rests on rather than descent alone. The commentators note that the land grant follows the same logic as the altar service given earlier, honor measured out by whether a house kept faith when the nation did not.
Ezekiel 48:9, 2 voices
Ezekiel 48:9
“The oblation that ye shall offer to the Lord,.... That which belonged to the sanctuary, and to the priests, which was taken and separated for that use; which here, and in the following verses, is particularly and separately considered: shall be of five and twenty thousand in length; that is, five and twenty thousand reeds from east to west: and of ten thousand in breadth; from north to south; see Eze 45:3.”
Ezekiel 48:9
“The oblation - This was a portion of land twenty-five thousand cubits in length, by ten thousand broad; in the center of which was the temple, which must be destined for the use of the priests, the Levites, and the prince.”
Adam Clarke· Commentary on the Bible (1810-1826)evangelical
Ezekiel 48:10, 1 voice
Ezekiel 48:10
“As, on the one hand, this denotes honour and comfort to ministers, that what is given for their support and maintenance is reckoned a holy oblation to the Lord, so it intimates their duty, which is that, since they are appointed and maintained for the service of the sanctuary, they ought to attend continually to this very thing, to reside on their cures.”
Matthew Henry· Commentary on the Whole Bible (1707-1721)puritan
Ezekiel 48:11, 2 voices
Ezekiel 48:11
“It shall be for the priests that are sanctified,.... That are set apart by the Lord; called by him to this office, and sanctified with the gifts and graces of his Spirit; and so fitted and qualified for the work: of the sons of Zadok, which have kept my charge, which went not astray when the children of Israel went astray, as the Levites went astray; ministers faithful to the Lord in the worst of times; and who are and wil be taken notice of by him, both now and hereafter, Mat 25:21; see Gill on Eze 44:15, Eze 44:16.”
Ezekiel 48:11
“God will put honour upon those who keep their integrity in times of general apostasy, and he has special favours in reserve for them. Those are swimming upwards, and so they will find at last, that are swimming against the stream. The land which was appropriated to the ministers of the sanctuary might by no means be alienated.”
Matthew Henry· Commentary on the Whole Bible (1707-1721)puritan
Ezekiel 48:12, 1 voice
Ezekiel 48:12
“And this oblation of the land that is offered shall be unto them a thing most holy,.... Be peculiarly theirs, and not converted to any other use; but be accounted most sacred, and not alienable, or made use of by other persons, or to other purposes by the border of the Levites; it should be continued, and reach unto their border; or where that should begin, and their part assigned them, which is next considered.”
3. (vv. 13-14)
a.over against the border of the priests: The Levites receive an equal strip alongside the priests, twenty five thousand by ten thousand, and the land carries a standing restriction: they shall not sell of it, neither exchange, nor alienate the firstfruits of the land, for it is holy unto the Lord. Unlike ordinary inheritance in Israel, which could be redeemed or default back at jubilee, this ground is fixed permanently to its holy use. The commentators read the rule as guarding the sanctuary's independence, land that no debt, no marriage and no later king can move into other hands.
4. (vv. 15-19)
a.shall be a profane place for the city: Alongside the holy oblation lies ordinary ground, five thousand reeds in breadth, named plainly a profane place for the city, for dwelling and for suburbs, with the city itself set in the midst of it. The word profane carries no blame here; it simply marks common use next to consecrated use, the same distinction chapter 42 drew between the priests' garments and the outer court. The residue on either side feeds those who serve the city, and the text is careful to say they are drawn out of all the tribes of Israel, not from one tribe's monopoly.
Ezekiel 48:15, 1 voice
Ezekiel 48:15
“The five thousand rods, apportioned to the city out of the twenty-five thousand square, are to be laid off in a square of four thousand five hundred, with the two hundred fifty all around for suburbs. profane--that is, not strictly sacred as the sacerdotal portions, but applied to secular uses.”
Jamieson, Fausset & Brown· Commentary Critical and Explanatory on the Whole Bible (1871)reformed
Ezekiel 48:16, 1 voice
Ezekiel 48:16
“So it shall be an equilateral square, every side exactly the same, north, south, east, and west, four thousand five hundred apiece, by which measures the whole content is visible eighteen thousand cubits not reeds.”
John Wesley· Explanatory Notes upon the Old Testament (1765)evangelical
Ezekiel 48:18, 1 voice
Ezekiel 48:18
“Eze 48:18 Then, that serve - i. e., the cultivators or farmers. Eze 48:19 Of old the city belonged to Benjamin and Judah, and its inhabitants were mainly from these tribes. Now all the tribes are to have equal part in it, and avoid jealousies (compare 2Sa 19:43).”
Ezekiel 48:19, 1 voice
Ezekiel 48:19
“And they that serve the city shall serve it out of all the tribes of Israel. Whether they be civil magistrates, or ministers of the word, they shall be of Israel, and be Israelites indeed; and shall be taken out of the several tribes; some out of one tribe, and some out of another; all shall have the honour, as well as the labour, of serving the church and interest of Christ; yea, all true Israelites shall contribute as much as in them lies to the service of it.”
5. (vv. 20-22)
a.ye shall offer the holy oblation foursquare: The whole reserved block, sanctuary, priests' land, Levites' land and the city together, comes out foursquare, twenty five thousand reeds on every side, and what remains on the east and west belongs to the prince. His holding wraps around the holy oblation and the city's ground rather than owning either, running out to the tribal borders of Judah and Benjamin. The prince of these closing chapters is never called king, and the commentators note his role stops short of the throne, a ruler who furnishes and protects the sanctuary's portion without possessing it.
C. Five tribal portions to the south
1. (vv. 23-27)
a.As for the rest of the tribes: The remaining tribes take their strips south of the prince's land in the same straight bands as the seven in the north, Benjamin, Simeon, Issachar, Zebulun and Gad, each running from the eastern border to the western sea. The order departs from Jacob's blessing and from Joshua's conquest allotment alike, arranged now purely by distance from the sanctuary at the center. Gad's placement at the southern edge sets up the border description that follows, since Gad's portion is where the map runs out to the wilderness.
Ezekiel 48:24, 1 voice
Ezekiel 48:24
“And by the border of Benjamin, from the east side unto the west side, Simeon shall have a portion. Close by the border of Benjamin, running east and west, Simeon's part and inheritance in the land shall be; even such true Israelites as "hear", understand, and believe the Gospel, and practise what they hear. This tribe is not now to be divided and scattered in Israel, or to have its inheritance in Judah, as formerly, Gen 49:5, but to be distinct, and have a portion by itself.”
Ezekiel 48:26, 1 voice
Ezekiel 48:26
“Issachar--Its ancient portion had been on the plain of Esdraelon. Compared (Ge 49:14) to "a strong ass crouching between two burdens," that is, tribute and tillage; never meddling with wars except in self-defense.”
Jamieson, Fausset & Brown· Commentary Critical and Explanatory on the Whole Bible (1871)reformed
2. (vv. 28-29)
a.the waters of strife in Kadesh: The southern border runs from Tamar to the waters of strife in Kadesh and out to the river and the great sea, echoing the southern border Numbers 34 already drew when Israel first entered the land. The vision's map is not a fresh geography invented for the future; it is the old promised land's own borders, now filled in with a new internal order. The section closes with the formula that has carried the whole allotment, this is the land which ye shall divide by lot unto the tribes of Israel for inheritance, saith the Lord God, lot recalling Joshua's own method even while the shape of the portions has changed.
Ezekiel 48:28, 1 voice
Ezekiel 48:28
“From Tamar - in Kadesh - The former was on the south of the Dead Sea; and the latter, or Kadesh-Barnea, was still farther south, and at the extremity of the portion of Gad, which was the most southern tribe, as Dan was the most northern.”
Adam Clarke· Commentary on the Bible (1810-1826)evangelical
D. Twelve gates, and the city named The LORD Is There
1. (vv. 30-31)
a.the goings out of the city: The city wall has twelve gates, three to each side, and the north gates carry the names Reuben, Judah and Levi. Levi appears here among the twelve though the tribe took no strip of farmland in the earlier allotment, since its portion was the holy ground itself, and the gate list restores Levi to the family in a way the land list could not. The commentators have long set this list beside Revelation 21:12-13, twelve gates named for the twelve tribes of Israel guarding the New Jerusalem, and the connection is named as the reading it plainly is.
Ezekiel 48:30, 3 voices
Ezekiel 48:30
“And these are the goings out of the city,.... The gates of it, as Jarchi and Kimchi interpret it, by which they went out of it, and into it; and also the sides of it. The Lord here returns to the city again, to give an account of its circumference and name: on the north side four thousand and five hundred measures; the north side of the city measured so many measures; that is, reeds, as Jarchi explains it.”
Ezekiel 48:30
“These are the goings out - Each of the four sides of the city was four thousand five hundred cubits long. There were three gates on each side, as mentioned below; and the whole circumference of the city was eighteen thousand cubits. See the map, plan B. dddd. The rector of New Haven College, in New England, supposes the preceding representations to refer to the happy state of the Church in what is called the Millennium.”
Adam Clarke· Commentary on the Bible (1810-1826)evangelical
Ezekiel 48:30
“Simeon here is not divided in Jacob, nor is Zebulun a haven of ships, a plain intimation that it is not so much to be understood literally as spiritually, though the mystery of it is very much hidden from us. In gospel times old things have passed away; behold, all things have become new.”
Matthew Henry· Commentary on the Whole Bible (1707-1721)puritan
2. (v. 32)
a.one gate of Joseph: The east side names Joseph, Benjamin and Dan. Joseph stands as one name here rather than split into Ephraim and Manasseh as the land allotment split it earlier in the chapter, since the gate list needs the traditional twelve names and balances by counting Joseph whole. Dan, placed first in the land allotment at the northern extreme, closes the eastern gate list.
3. (v. 33)
a.one gate of Simeon: The south gates take the names Simeon, Issachar and Zebulun, the same three tribes that hold land strips on that side of the map. Each side of the wall measures four thousand and five hundred, so the whole circuit remains a plain square rather than a shape proportioned to any tribe's size. The uniform measure across every side is the chapter's own statement about order, a city built to a single fixed pattern regardless of which name stands over which gate.
4. (v. 34)
a.one gate of Gad: The west gates complete the circuit with Gad, Asher and Naphtali, closing a wall whose eighteen thousand measures the next verse totals. The gate list settles back to the traditional twelve tribes, Joseph standing for his two sons and Levi restored to a name, after the land list above had split Joseph into Ephraim and Manasseh and set Levi apart with the priests instead of a strip. The city faces every direction under a tribe's name, so that no approach to it is anonymous.
Ezekiel 48:34, 1 voice
Ezekiel 48:34
“Note, Into the church of Christ, both militant and triumphant, there is a free access by faith for all that come of every tribe, from every quarter. Christ has opened the kingdom of heaven for all believers.”
Matthew Henry· Commentary on the Whole Bible (1707-1721)puritan
5. (v. 35)
a.The Lord is there: The book's very last clause names the city itself: the name of the city from that day shall be, The Lord is there, Jehovah-shammah in the Hebrew the translators are rendering. It closes the itinerary the whole book has tracked, the glory that rose and left the temple eastward in chapter eleven now settled permanently in the city's own address, so that the name states a fact rather than voices a wish. The readings on what city receives this name are held apart without a verdict, a literal Jerusalem to come, so the site's own dispensational tradition; an ideal or symbolic city standing for the whole restored order, so much of the older bench; the church as the dwelling place of God, so some of the fathers. Every reading agrees on what the name itself says, that the departure of chapter eleven is not the end of the story the book set out to tell.
Ezekiel 48:35, 4 voices
Ezekiel 48:35
“The circuit of the city walls, a square of 4500 reeds, was 18,000 reeds, not quite 37 English miles. The circuit of Jerusalem in the time of Josephus was reckoned by him to be about four miles. The name ... - The manner of expressing a spiritual meaning by giving a name to a city, a people, or the like, is familiar to the prophets (see Eze 43:15 note).”
Ezekiel 48:35
“THESE words may be used as a test as well as a text. They may serve for examination as well as consolation and, at the beginning of a year, they may fulfill this useful double purpose. In any case they are full of marrow and fatness to those whose spiritual taste is purified. It is esteemed by the Prophet to be the highest blessing that could come upon a city that its name should be, "JEHOVAH-SHAMMAH, The Lord Is There." Even Jerusalem, in its best estate, would have this for its crowning blessing—nothing could exceed this.”
Ezekiel 48:35
“The Lord is there - The Lord who as his name alone is Jehovah, so is the only true God, faithful to his promise, rich in mercy, glorious in majesty, righteous in his judgments, wise and holy in his government, whose presence makes us happy, whose withdrawing from us leaves us to misery.”
John Wesley· Explanatory Notes upon the Old Testament (1765)evangelical
Ezekiel 48:35
“Where the gospel is faithfully preached, gospel ordinances are duly administered, and God is worshipped in the name of Jesus Christ only, it may truly be said, The Lord is there; for faithful is he that has said, and he will be as good as his word, Lo, I am with you always even unto the end of the world.”
Matthew Henry· Commentary on the Whole Bible (1707-1721)puritan
Threads running through this chapter
- The glory departs and returnsPattern, v. 35
The text of this chapter
This page carries no textual note on Ezekiel 48. Where this site has examined a place the manuscripts differ, the examination is in the manuscripts room. Every place this site examines →
This page draws on 11 works. Open for the list.
This page draws on Adam Clarke; Albert Barnes; C. F. Keil, Biblical Commentary on the Prophecies of Ezekiel; Carl Friedrich Keil, Biblical Commentary on the Prophecies of Ezekiel; Charles Spurgeon, The Metropolitan Tabernacle Pulpit, Sermon No. 2182: “Jehovah-Shammah—a Glorious Name for the New Year” (lightly modernized text, CCEL edition) (1891); Jamieson, Fausset & Brown, Commentary Critical and Explanatory on the Whole Bible (1871); Jamieson, Fausset and Brown, Commentary Critical and Explanatory on the Whole Bible; John Gill; John Wesley; Matthew Henry and Patrick Fairbairn, An Exposition of Ezekiel.
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