Ezekielchapter 27
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Speaks with:Ezekiel 27×9Genesis 10×9Ezekiel 26×7Isaiah 23×5Revelation 18×5Ezekiel 38×3
Summary
Chapter summary
A lamentation shaped as a shipwreck. Tyre is built like a magnificent vessel: planks of fir from Senir, a cedar mast from Lebanon, oars of the oaks of Bashan, a sail of embroidered fine linen from Egypt, rowers from Sidon and Arvad, caulkers and pilots from her own wise men. Then comes the trade manifest, the ancient world's shipping register: Tarshish with silver, iron, tin and lead; Javan, Tubal and Meshech; Judah with wheat and honey and oil; Dedan, Sheba and Raamah with spices and precious stones. 'The east wind hath broken thee in the heart of the seas.' Mariners cry on the shore and cast dust on their heads. Revelation 18 mourns Babylon in these very cadences.
Context
Prophecy · Ezekiel — Ezekiel overview
- A. 1–11 A perfect ship built from the world's finest timber
- B. 12–25 The merchants of the nations trade in her fairs
- C. 26–36 The east wind wrecks her and the coastlands hiss
The outline
A.A perfect ship built from the world's finest timbervv. 1 to 11
Read vv. 1 to 11 →B.The merchants of the nations trade in her fairsvv. 12 to 25
Read vv. 12 to 25 →C.The east wind wrecks her and the coastlands hissvv. 26 to 36
Read vv. 26 to 36 →
The world behind this chapter
Ezekiel 27The history
The lament builds Tyre as a ship, part by part, and every material is a real trade good with a real source. Planks of fir from Senir, another name for Mount Hermon. A mast of cedar from Lebanon, the most prized timber in the ancient world. Oars from the oaks of Bashan, east of the Sea of Galilee. A deck of boxwood inlaid with ivory from Cyprus. A sail of embroidered Egyptian linen. An awning of blue and purple.
That purple is the city's signature. Tyrian purple was extracted from murex sea snails, thousands of them for a few grams of dye, and vast heaps of crushed shells have been found along the Phoenician coast. It was the most expensive colour on earth, which is why it became the colour of royalty.
The crew is drawn from the region: rowers from Sidon and Arvad, skilled men of Gebal — the city the Greeks called Byblos — as the caulkers who sealed the seams. Mercenaries from Persia, Lud and Put garrison the walls, and shields and helmets are hung on them, which was a real display practice.
Then comes the trade list, and it is a map of the ancient economy. Silver, iron, tin and lead from Tarshish in the far west. Slaves and bronze vessels from Javan, Tubal and Meshech in Asia Minor. Horses and mules from Beth-togarmah. Ivory and ebony from the coasts. Wheat, honey, oil and balm from Israel and Judah. Wine of Helbon and wool from Damascus. Lambs, rams and goats from Arabia and Kedar. Spices, precious stones and gold from Sheba and Raamah in the south. Fine garments and carpets from Haran, Asshur and the cities of the Euphrates.
Then the east wind wrecks the ship in the heart of the seas, and everything on the list goes down with it — cargo, crew, pilots and all.
What it meant to them
The exiles had learned in the hardest way that a city could be lost. Tyre had learned nothing of the kind. This lament walks a wealthy world through its own inventory and then sinks it in one paragraph.
For hearers who had watched the nations get rich while Judah burned, the message is that trade is not a defence. The merchants among the peoples hiss at her, and she comes to a dreadful end, and never exists again in the way she once did.
Sources cited
- John H. Walton, Victor H. Matthews and Mark W. Chavalas, The IVP Bible Background Commentary: Old Testament
- Herodotus, The Histories
- C. F. Keil and F. Delitzsch, Biblical Commentary on the Prophecies of Ezekiel
The text of this chapter
This page carries no textual note on Ezekiel 27. Where this site has examined a place the manuscripts differ, the examination is in the manuscripts room. Every place this site examines →
This page draws on Jamieson, Fausset & Brown, Commentary Critical and Explanatory; John Wesley, Notes on the Old Testament and Matthew Henry, Complete Commentary.
