Estherchapter 8
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Original Language
Esther 8— Hebrew word study · with the Hebrew tradition
How to read a word below: the Hebrewword, then how it sounds, then what it means, then its number in Strong’s concordance, a widely used lookup this site follows (H for Hebrew and Aramaic, G for Greek). Square brackets hold a word the English supplies that the Hebrew does not, angle brackets mark the Hebrew’s own grammatical elements that English renders as separate words, and the mark ס or פ is where the Hebrew manuscripts end a paragraph.
The ring given to Mordecai: write for the Jews as you please1
Esther 8:1· Hebrew and glosses: STEP Bible
בַּיּ֣וֹםbaiyomon the dayH3117הַה֗וּאhahu'<the> thatH1931נָתַ֞ןnatanhe gaveH5414הַמֶּ֤לֶךְhamelekhthe kingH4428אֲחַשְׁוֵרוֹשׁ֙ʾachashverovoshAhasuerusH325לְאֶסְתֵּ֣רleesterto EstherH635הַמַּלְכָּ֔הhamalkahthe queenH4436אֶת־ʾet-<obj.>H853בֵּ֥יתbeit[the] house ofH1004הָמָ֖ןhamanHamanH2001צֹרֵ֣רtzorer[the] opposerH6887הַיְּהוּדִ֑יםhaiyehudiyimof the JewsH3064וּמָרְדֳּכַ֗יumaredokhaiand MordecaiH4782בָּ֚אba'he cameH935לִפְנֵ֣יlifnei<to> beforeH6440הַמֶּ֔לֶךְhamelekhthe kingH4428כִּֽי־ki-forH3588הִגִּ֥ידָהhigidahshe had toldH5046אֶסְתֵּ֖רʾesterEstherH635מַ֥הmahwhat?H4100הוּא־hu'-[was] heH1931לָֽהּ׃lahto her
Esther 8:2· Hebrew and glosses: STEP Bible
וַיָּ֨סַרvaiyasarand he removedH5493הַמֶּ֜לֶךְhamelekhthe kingH4428אֶת־ʾet-<obj.>H853טַבַּעְתּ֗וֹtaba'tosignet-ring hisH2885אֲשֶׁ֤רʾasherwhichH834הֶֽעֱבִיר֙heevirhe had taken awayH5674מֵֽהָמָ֔ןmehamanfrom HamanH2001וַֽיִּתְּנָ֖הּvaiyitenahand he gave itH5414לְמָרְדֳּכָ֑יlemaredokhaito MordecaiH4782וַתָּ֧שֶׂםvatasemand she appointedH7760אֶסְתֵּ֛רʾesterEstherH635אֶֽת־ʾet-<obj.>H853מָרְדֳּכַ֖יmaredokhaiMordecaiH4782עַל־ʾal-overH5921בֵּ֥יתbeit[the] house ofH1004הָמָֽן׃ פhamanHamanH2001
Esther 8:3· Hebrew and glosses: STEP Bible
וַתּ֣וֹסֶףvatosefand she repeatedH3254אֶסְתֵּ֗רʾesterEstherH635וַתְּדַבֵּר֙vatedaberand she spokeH1696לִפְנֵ֣יlifnei<to> beforeH6440הַמֶּ֔לֶךְhamelekhthe kingH4428וַתִּפֹּ֖לvatipoland she fellH5307לִפְנֵ֣יlifnei<to> beforeH6440רַגְלָ֑יוraglavfeet hisH7272וַתֵּ֣בְךְּvatevekand she weptH1058וַתִּתְחַנֶּן־vatitchanen-and she sought favorH2603ל֗וֹloto himלְהַֽעֲבִיר֙lehaavirto take awayH5674אֶת־ʾet-<obj.>H853רָעַת֙raat[the] evil ofH7451הָמָ֣ןhamanHamanH2001הָֽאֲגָגִ֔יhaagagithe AgagiteH91וְאֵת֙veetand <obj.>H853מַֽחֲשַׁבְתּ֔וֹmachashavtoplan hisH4284אֲשֶׁ֥רʾasherwhichH834חָשַׁ֖בchashavhe had plannedH2803עַל־ʾal-onH5921הַיְּהוּדִֽים׃haiyehudimthe JewsH3064
Esther 8:4· Hebrew and glosses: STEP Bible
וַיּ֤וֹשֶׁטvaiyooshetand he extendedH3447הַמֶּ֙לֶךְ֙hamelekhthe kingH4428לְאֶסְתֵּ֔רleesterto EstherH635אֵ֖תʾet<obj.>H853שַׁרְבִ֣טsharvit[the] scepter ofH8275הַזָּהָ֑בhazahav<the> goldH2091וַתָּ֣קָםvatakomand she aroseH6965אֶסְתֵּ֔רʾesterEstherH635וַֽתַּעֲמֹ֖דvataamodand she stoodH5975לִפְנֵ֥יlifnei<to> beforeH6440הַמֶּֽלֶךְ׃hamelekhthe kingH4428
Esther 8:5· Hebrew and glosses: STEP Bible
וַ֠תֹּאמֶרvatomerand she saidH559אִם־ʾim-ifH518עַל־ʾal-[is] onH5921הַמֶּ֨לֶךְhamelekhthe kingH4428ט֜וֹבtovgoodH2896וְאִם־veim-and ifH518מָצָ֧אתִיmatzatiI have foundH4672חֵ֣ןchenfavorH2580לְפָנָ֗יוlefanav<to> before himH6440וְכָשֵׁ֤רvekhasherand it is properH3787הַדָּבָר֙hadavarthe matterH1697לִפְנֵ֣יlifnei<to> beforeH6440הַמֶּ֔לֶךְhamelekhthe kingH4428וְטוֹבָ֥הvetovahand [am] goodH2896אֲנִ֖יʾaniIH589בְּעֵינָ֑יוbeeinavin view hisH5869יִכָּתֵ֞בyikatevlet it be writtenH3789לְהָשִׁ֣יבlehashivto revokeH7725אֶת־ʾet-<obj.>H853הַסְּפָרִ֗יםhasefarimthe lettersH5612מַחֲשֶׁ֜בֶתmachashevet[the] plan ofH4284הָמָ֤ןhamanHamanH2001בֶּֽן־ben-[the] son ofH1121הַמְּדָ֙תָא֙hamedata'HammedathaH4099הָאֲגָגִ֔יhaagagithe AgagiteH91אֲשֶׁ֣רʾasherwhichH834כָּתַ֗בkatavhe wroteH3789לְאַבֵּד֙leabedto destroyH6אֶת־ʾet-<obj.>H853הַיְּהוּדִ֔יםhaiyehudimthe JewsH3064אֲשֶׁ֖רʾasherwhoH834בְּכָל־bekhol[are] in allH3605מְדִינ֥וֹתmedinot[the] provinces ofH4082הַמֶּֽלֶךְ׃hamelekhthe kingH4428
Esther 8:6· Hebrew and glosses: STEP Bible
כִּ֠יkiforH3588אֵיכָכָ֤הʾeikhakhahhow?H349אוּכַל֙ʾukhalwill I be ableH3201וְֽרָאִ֔יתִיveraitiand I will lookH7200בָּרָעָ֖הbaraahon the evilH7451אֲשֶׁר־ʾasher-whichH834יִמְצָ֣אyimtza'it will findH4672אֶת־ʾet-<obj.>H853עַמִּ֑יʾamipeople myH5971וְאֵֽיכָכָ֤הveeikhakhahand how?H349אוּכַל֙ʾukhalwill I be ableH3201וְֽרָאִ֔יתִיveraitiand I will lookH7200בְּאָבְדַ֖ןbeavedanon [the] destruction ofH13מוֹלַדְתִּֽי׃ סmoladtikindred myH4138
Esther 8:7· Hebrew and glosses: STEP Bible
וַיֹּ֨אמֶרvaiyomerand he saidH559הַמֶּ֤לֶךְhamelekhthe kingH4428אֲחַשְׁוֵרֹשׁ֙ʾachashveroshAhasuerusH325לְאֶסְתֵּ֣רleesterto EstherH635הַמַּלְכָּ֔הhamalkahthe queenH4436וּֽלְמָרְדֳּכַ֖יulemaredokhaiand to MordecaiH4782הַיְּהוּדִ֑יhaiyehudithe JewH3064הִנֵּ֨הhinehhere!H2009בֵית־veit-[the] house ofH1004הָמָ֜ןhamanHamanH2001נָתַ֣תִּיnatatiI have givenH5414לְאֶסְתֵּ֗רleesterto EstherH635וְאֹתוֹ֙veotoand <obj.> himH853תָּל֣וּtaluthey have hangedH8518עַל־ʾal-onH5921הָעֵ֔ץhaetzthe gallowsH6086עַ֛לʾalonH5921אֲשֶׁר־ʾasher-thatH834שָׁלַ֥חshalachhe stretched outH7971יָד֖וֹyadohand hisH3027בַּיְּהוּדִֽים׃baiyehudiyimon the JewsH3064
Esther 8:8· Hebrew and glosses: STEP Bible
וְ֠אַתֶּםveatemand youH859כִּתְב֨וּkitvuwriteH3789עַל־ʾal-onH5921הַיְּהוּדִ֜יםhaiyehudimthe JewsH3064כַּטּ֤וֹבkatovaccording to the goodH2896בְּעֵֽינֵיכֶם֙beeineikhemin view yourH5869בְּשֵׁ֣םbeshemin [the] name ofH8034הַמֶּ֔לֶךְhamelekhthe kingH4428וְחִתְמ֖וּvechitmuand seal [it]H2856בְּטַבַּ֣עַתbetabaatwith [the] signet-ring ofH2885הַמֶּ֑לֶךְhamelekhthe kingH4428כִּֽי־ki-forH3588כְתָ֞בkhetava writingH3791אֲשֶׁר־ʾasher-whichH834נִכְתָּ֣בnikhtav[is] writtenH3789בְּשֵׁם־beshem-in [the] name ofH8034הַמֶּ֗לֶךְhamelekhthe kingH4428וְנַחְתּ֛וֹםvenachtomand it is sealedH2856בְּטַבַּ֥עַתbetabaatwith [the] signet-ring ofH2885הַמֶּ֖לֶךְhamelekhthe kingH4428אֵ֥יןʾeinnotH369לְהָשִֽׁיב׃lehashivto revokeH7725
Letters in every province's own writing, carried by swift beasts9
Esther 8:9· Hebrew and glosses: STEP Bible
וַיִּקָּרְא֣וּvaiyikareuand they were summonedH7121סֹפְרֵֽי־soferei-[the] scribes ofH5613הַמֶּ֣לֶךְhamelekhthe kingH4428בָּֽעֵת־baet-at the timeH6256הַ֠הִיאhahi'<the> thatH1931בַּחֹ֨דֶשׁbachodeshin the monthH2320הַשְּׁלִישִׁ֜יhashelishi<the> thirdH7992הוּא־hu'-thatH1931חֹ֣דֶשׁchodesh[is] [the] month ofH2320סִיוָ֗ןsivanSivanH5510בִּשְׁלוֹשָׁ֣הbishloshahon [day] threeH7969וְעֶשְׂרִים֮veesrimand twentyH6242בּוֹ֒boin <the> itוַיִּכָּתֵ֣בvaiyikatevand it was writtenH3789כְּֽכָל־kekhol-according to allH3605אֲשֶׁר־ʾasher-thatH834צִוָּ֣הtzivahhe commandedH6680מָרְדֳּכַ֣יmaredokhaiMordecaiH4782אֶל־ʾel-toH413הַיְּהוּדִ֡יםhaiyehudimthe JewsH3064וְאֶ֣לveeland toH413הָאֲחַשְׁדַּרְפְּנִֽים־haachashdarpenim-the satrapsH323וְהַפַּחוֹת֩vehapachotand the governorsH6346וְשָׂרֵ֨יvesareiand [the] officials ofH8269הַמְּדִינ֜וֹתhamedinotthe provincesH4082אֲשֶׁ֣ר׀ʾasherwhichH834מֵהֹ֣דּוּmehodu[were] from IndiaH1912וְעַד־vead-and toH5704כּ֗וּשׁkushCushH3568שֶׁ֣בַעsheva'sevenH7651וְעֶשְׂרִ֤יםveesrimand twentyH6242וּמֵאָה֙umeahand a hundredH3967מְדִינָ֔הmedinahprovince[s]H4082מְדִינָ֤הmedinahprovinceH4082וּמְדִינָה֙umedinahand provinceH4082כִּכְתָבָ֔הּkikhtavahaccording to writing itsH3791וְעַ֥םveamand peopleH5971וָעָ֖םvaamand peopleH5971כִּלְשֹׁנ֑וֹkilshonoaccording to language itsH3956וְאֶ֨ל־veel-and toH413הַיְּהוּדִ֔יםhaiyehudimthe JewsH3064כִּכְתָבָ֖םkikhtavamaccording to writing theirH3791וְכִלְשׁוֹנָֽם׃vekhilshonamand according to language theirH3956
Esther 8:10· Hebrew and glosses: STEP Bible
וַיִּכְתֹּ֗בvaiyikhtoand he wroteH3789בְּשֵׁם֙beshemin [the] name ofH8034הַמֶּ֣לֶךְhamelekhthe kingH4428אֲחַשְׁוֵרֹ֔שׁʾachashveroshAhasuerusH325וַיַּחְתֹּ֖םvaiyachtomand he sealed [it]H2856בְּטַבַּ֣עַתbetabaatwith [the] signet-ring ofH2885הַמֶּ֑לֶךְhamelekhthe kingH4428וַיִּשְׁלַ֣חvaiyishlachand he sentH7971סְפָרִ֡יםsefarimlettersH5612בְּיַד֩beyadby [the] hand ofH3027הָרָצִ֨יםharatzim<the> couriersH7323בַּסּוּסִ֜יםbasusimon <the> horsesH5483רֹכְבֵ֤יrokhevei[the] riders ofH7392הָרֶ֙כֶשׁ֙harekheshthe steed[s]H7409הָֽאֲחַשְׁתְּרָנִ֔יםhaachashteranim<the> royalH327בְּנֵ֖יbenei[the] sons ofH1121הָֽרַמָּכִֽים׃haramakhimthe maresH7424
Rashi on Esther 8:10
Carried by couriers. The horsemen, whom he [the king] commanded to hurry.
Read it in full at Sefaria · The Metsudah Five Megillot, Lakewood, N.J., 2001
Esther 8:11· Hebrew and glosses: STEP Bible
אֲשֶׁר֩ʾasherthatH834נָתַ֨ןnatanhe had permittedH5414הַמֶּ֜לֶךְhamelekhthe kingH4428לַיְּהוּדִ֣ים׀laiyehudimto the JewsH3064אֲשֶׁ֣רʾasherwhoH834בְּכָל־bekhol[were] in everyH3605עִיר־ʾir-cityH5892וָעִ֗ירvairand cityH5892לְהִקָּהֵל֮lehikahelto assembleH6950וְלַעֲמֹ֣דvelaamodand to make a standH5975עַל־ʾal-onH5921נַפְשָׁם֒nafshamlife theirH5315לְהַשְׁמִיד֩lehashmidto annihilateH8045וְלַהֲרֹ֨גvelaharogand to killH2026וּלְאַבֵּ֜דuleabedand to destroyH6אֶת־ʾet-<obj.>H853כָּל־kol-everyH3605חֵ֨ילcheilarmy ofH2428עַ֧םʾampeopleH5971וּמְדִינָ֛הumedinahand provinceH4082הַצָּרִ֥יםhatzarimwhich attacksH6696אֹתָ֖םʾotam<obj.> themH853טַ֣ףtaflittle one[s]H2945וְנָשִׁ֑יםvenashimand womenH802וּשְׁלָלָ֖םushelalamand spoil theirH7998לָבֽוֹז׃lavozto take as plunderH962
Rashi on Esther 8:11
With their booty to be taken. As was written in the first [letters], but they did not lay their hands upon the spoils, for they showed everyone that this was not done for the sake of money.
Read it in full at Sefaria · The Metsudah Five Megillot, Lakewood, N.J., 2001
Esther 8:12· Hebrew and glosses: STEP Bible
בְּי֣וֹםbeyomon a dayH3117אֶחָ֔דʾechadoneH259בְּכָל־bekholin allH3605מְדִינ֖וֹתmedinot[the] provinces ofH4082הַמֶּ֣לֶךְhamelekhthe kingH4428אֲחַשְׁוֵר֑וֹשׁʾachashverooshAhasuerusH325בִּשְׁלוֹשָׁ֥הbishloshahon [day] thir-H7969עָשָׂ֛רʾasarteenH6240לְחֹ֥דֶשׁlechodeshof monthH2320שְׁנֵים־sheneim-two [plus]H8147עָשָׂ֖רʾasartenH6240הוּא־hu'-thatH1931חֹ֥דֶשׁchodesh[is] [the] month ofH2320אֲדָֽר׃ʾadarAdarH143
Esther 8:13· Hebrew and glosses: STEP Bible
פַּתְשֶׁ֣גֶןpatshegen<the> copy ofH6572הַכְּתָ֗בhaketavthe writingH3791לְהִנָּ֤תֵֽןlehinaten[was] to be givenH5414דָּת֙datlawH1881בְּכָל־bekholin everyH3605מְדִינָ֣הmedinahprovinceH4082וּמְדִינָ֔הumedinahand provinceH4082גָּל֖וּיgaluibeing disclosedH1540לְכָל־lekholto allH3605הָעַמִּ֑יםhaamimthe peoplesH5971וְלִהְי֨וֹתvelihyotand to beH1961הַיְּהוּדִ֤יםhaiyehudiyimthe JewsH3064עֲתִידִים֙atudimreadyH6264לַיּ֣וֹםlaiyomfor the dayH3117הַזֶּ֔הhazeh<the> thisH2088לְהִנָּקֵ֖םlehinakemto avenge themselvesH5358מֵאֹיְבֵיהֶֽם׃meoyeveihemfrom enemies theirH341
Esther 8:14· Hebrew and glosses: STEP Bible
הָרָצִ֞יםharatzimthe couriersH7323רֹכְבֵ֤יrokhevei[the] riders ofH7392הָרֶ֙כֶשׁ֙harekheshthe steed[s]H7409הָֽאֲחַשְׁתְּרָנִ֔יםhaachashteranim<the> royalH327יָֽצְא֛וּyatzeuthey went outH3318מְבֹהָלִ֥יםmevohalimhastenedH926וּדְחוּפִ֖יםudechufimand hurriedH1765בִּדְבַ֣רbidvarat [the] word ofH1697הַמֶּ֑לֶךְhamelekhthe kingH4428וְהַדָּ֥תvehadatand the lawH1881נִתְּנָ֖הnitenahit was givenH5414בְּשׁוּשַׁ֥ןbeshushanin SusaH7800הַבִּירָֽה׃ פhabirahthe citadelH1002
Rashi on Esther 8:14
Rushed. They hastened them to act swiftly, because they had no time, for they had to get ahead of the first couriers to overtake them.
Read it in full at Sefaria · The Metsudah Five Megillot, Lakewood, N.J., 2001
Light and gladness, and many of the people become Jews15
Esther 8:15· Hebrew and glosses: STEP Bible
וּמָרְדֳּכַ֞יumaredokhaiand MordecaiH4782יָצָ֣א׀yatza'he went outH3318מִלִּפְנֵ֣יmilifneifrom to beforeH6440הַמֶּ֗לֶךְhamelekhthe kingH4428בִּלְב֤וּשׁbilvushin clothing ofH3830מַלְכוּת֙malkhutroyalty ofH4438תְּכֵ֣לֶתtekheletvioletH8504וָח֔וּרvachurand white clothH2353וַעֲטֶ֤רֶתvaateretand a crown ofH5850זָהָב֙zahavgoldH2091גְּדוֹלָ֔הgedolahgreatH1419וְתַכְרִ֥יךְvetakhrikhand a robe ofH8509בּ֖וּץbutzfine linenH948וְאַרְגָּמָ֑ןveargamanand purpleH713וְהָעִ֣ירvehairand the city ofH5892שׁוּשָׁ֔ןshushanSusaH7800צָהֲלָ֖הtzahalahit shouted for joyH6670וְשָׂמֵֽחָה׃vesamechahand it rejoicedH8055
Rashi on Esther 8:15
And a cloak of linen. A wrap of linen, a shawl in which to enwrap oneself.
Read it in full at Sefaria · The Metsudah Five Megillot, Lakewood, N.J., 2001
Esther 8:16· Hebrew and glosses: STEP Bible
Esther 8:17· Hebrew and glosses: STEP Bible
וּבְכָל־uvekhol-and in everyH3605מְדִינָ֨הmedinahprovinceH4082וּמְדִינָ֜הumedinahand provinceH4082וּבְכָל־uvekhol-and in everyH3605עִ֣ירʾircityH5892וָעִ֗ירvairand cityH5892מְקוֹם֙mekom[the] placeH4725אֲשֶׁ֨רʾasher<of> whereH834דְּבַר־devar-[the] word ofH1697הַמֶּ֤לֶךְhamelekhthe kingH4428וְדָתוֹ֙vedatoand law hisH1881מַגִּ֔יעַmagia'[was] reachingH5060שִׂמְחָ֤הsimchahgladnessH8057וְשָׂשׂוֹן֙vesasonand joyH8342לַיְּהוּדִ֔יםlaiyehudim[belonged] to the JewsH3064מִשְׁתֶּ֖הmishteha feastH4960וְי֣וֹםveyomand a dayH3117ט֑וֹבtovgoodH2896וְרַבִּ֞יםverabimand manyH7227מֵֽעַמֵּ֤יmeameiof [the] peoples ofH5971הָאָ֙רֶץ֙haaretzthe landH776מִֽתְיַהֲדִ֔יםmityahadim[were] becoming JewsH3054כִּֽי־ki-forH3588נָפַ֥לnafalit had fallenH5307פַּֽחַד־pachad-dread ofH6343הַיְּהוּדִ֖יםhaiyehudimthe JewsH3064עֲלֵיהֶֽם׃ʾaleihemon themH5921