Esther 8:13
in Esther 8A copy of the text of the edict was to be issued in every province and published to all the people, so that the Jews would be ready on that day to avenge themselves on their enemies.
BSB
The same verse in ASV and KJV ▾
ASV
A copy of the writing, that the decree should be given out in every province, was published unto all the peoples, and that the Jews should be ready against that day to avenge themselves on their enemies.
KJV
The copy of the writing for a commandment to be given in every province was published unto all people, and that the Jews should be ready against that day to avenge themselves on their enemies.
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This verse in Esther 8
Commentary
5 notes on this verseNo better could come of men's pretending to be wise above what is given them. Great expedition was used in dispersing this decree, the king himself being in pain lest it should come too late and any mischief should be done to the Jews by virtue of the former decree before the notice of this arrived.
This site's exposition
By these letters the king permitted
on Esther 8:11-14
The decree uses the words of Haman's decree at 3:13, "to destroy, kill, and annihilate," with the target reversed. The Jews may "assemble and defend themselves". It grants them leave "to plunder their possessions," so the refusal of plunder three times in chapter 9 is a chosen restraint.
This site's exposition
A copy of the text of the edict
The edict was published to every people, enemies included. Gill reads that publicity as serving two ends, time for the Jews to prepare their defense and fear among those who meant to attack them.
The record, by era
The Puritans and the Awakening1 voice
The copy of the writing, for a commandment to be given in every province, was published to all people,....
The Nineteenth Century1 voice
A commentator
Jamieson, Fausset & Brown1802–1910
Commentary Critical and Explanatory on the Whole Bible (1871)
proposed
This was the reason on account of which the king was laid under a necessity not to reverse, but to issue a contradictory edict; according to which it was enacted that if, pursuant to the first decree, the Jews were assaulted, they might, by virtue of the second, defend themselves and even slay their enemies.
How the passage was read
What the Jewish commentators add
On the verses either side of this one
Rushed. They hastened them to act swiftly, because they had no time, for they had to get ahead of the first couriers to overtake them.
This section is reception history: how the passage was read and kept in the Jewish tradition. Where a reading parts from an essential of the Christian faith, the section says so at that point.
Texts and citation data: Sefaria; each excerpt follows its version’s licence. 4 further sources are cited on this chapter that carry no English text this site may quote or only restate the verse.
The words behind it
17 Hebrew wordsEvery Hebrew word of this verse in the order it stands, with what it means and the door to its own study. The last column counts the times a word stands in the whole Bible: the rarer the word, the more the places it appears belong together.
| Hebrew | Sound | Meaning | Word study | In the Bible |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| פַּתְשֶׁ֣גֶן | patshegen | <the> copy of | H6572 → | 4 times |
| הַכְּתָ֗ב | haketav | the writing | H3791 → | 17 times |
| לְהִנָּ֤תֵֽן | lehinaten | [was] to be given | H5414 → | 2011 times |
| דָּת֙ | dat | law | H1881 → | 22 times |
| בְּכָל־ | bekhol | in every | H3605 → | 5413 times |
| מְדִינָ֣ה | medinah | province | H4082 → | 53 times |
| וּמְדִינָ֔ה | umedinah | and province | H4082 → | 53 times |
| גָּל֖וּי | galui | being disclosed | H1540 → | 186 times |
| לְכָל־ | lekhol | to all | H3605 → | 5413 times |
| הָעַמִּ֑ים | haamim | the peoples | H5971 → | 1873 times |
| וְלִהְי֨וֹת | velihyot | and to be | H1961 → | 3559 times |
| הַיְּהוּדִ֤ים | haiyehudiyim | the Jews | H3064 → | 75 times |
| עֲתִידִים֙ | atudim | ready | H6264 → | |
| לַיּ֣וֹם | laiyom | for the day | H3117 → | 2304 times |
| הַזֶּ֔ה | hazeh | <the> this | H2088 → | 1180 times |
| לְהִנָּקֵ֖ם | lehinakem | to avenge themselves | H5358 → | |
| מֵאֹיְבֵיהֶֽם׃ | meoyeveihem | from enemies their | H341 → | 282 times |
פַּתְשֶׁ֣גֶן<the> copy of
patshegenH6572 →4 times
הַכְּתָ֗בthe writing
haketavH3791 →17 times
לְהִנָּ֤תֵֽן[was] to be given
lehinatenH5414 →2011 times
דָּת֙law
datH1881 →22 times
בְּכָל־in every
bekholH3605 →5413 times
מְדִינָ֣הprovince
medinahH4082 →53 times
וּמְדִינָ֔הand province
umedinahH4082 →53 times
גָּל֖וּיbeing disclosed
galuiH1540 →186 times
לְכָל־to all
lekholH3605 →5413 times
הָעַמִּ֑יםthe peoples
haamimH5971 →1873 times
וְלִהְי֨וֹתand to be
velihyotH1961 →3559 times
הַיְּהוּדִ֤יםthe Jews
haiyehudiyimH3064 →75 times
עֲתִידִים֙ready
atudimH6264 →
לַיּ֣וֹםfor the day
laiyomH3117 →2304 times
הַזֶּ֔ה<the> this
hazehH2088 →1180 times
לְהִנָּקֵ֖םto avenge themselves
lehinakemH5358 →
מֵאֹיְבֵיהֶֽם׃from enemies their
meoyeveihemH341 →282 times
A shaded row is a word that stands 400 times or fewer in the Bible.
The walk
8 stopsEach card is a verse this one points to, and under it the verses that one points to in turn. Where several paths arrive at the same place, that place is listed first: the text keeps returning to it.
Through
Revelation 6:10And they cried out in a loud voice, “How long, O Lord, holy and true, until You avenge our blood and judge those who dwell upon the earth?”
it leads to
- Revelation 19:2
For His judgments are true and just. He has judged the great prostitute who corrupted the earth with her immorality. He has avenged the blood of His servants that was poured out by her…
- Psalms 9:12
For the Avenger of bloodshed remembers; He does not ignore the cry of the afflicted.
- Revelation 11:18
The nations were enraged, and Your wrath has come. The time has come to judge the dead and to reward Your servants the prophets, as well as the saints and those who fear Your…
- Revelation 16:5–7
And I heard the angel of the waters say: “Righteous are You, O Holy One, who is and was, because You have brought these judgments.
- Romans 12:19
Do not avenge yourselves, beloved, but leave room for God’s wrath. For it is written: “Vengeance is Mine; I will repay, says the Lord.”
- Revelation 19:2
Through
Psalms 68:23that your foot may be dipped in the blood of your foes— the tongues of your dogs in the same.”
it leads to
- 1 Kings 21:19
Tell him that this is what the LORD says: ‘Have you not murdered a man and seized his land?’ Then tell him that this is also what the LORD says: ‘In the place where…
- Psalms 58:10
The righteous will rejoice when they see they are avenged; they will wash their feet in the blood of the wicked.
- 1 Kings 22:38
And the chariot was washed at the pool of Samaria where the prostitutes bathed, and the dogs licked up Ahab’s blood, according to the word that the LORD had spoken.
- 1 Kings 21:19
Where this verse is studied
On this page
About Esther
This page draws on Jamieson, Fausset & Brown, Commentary Critical and Explanatory on the Whole Bible; John Gill, Exposition of the Old Testament (1748-1763); Keil, The Books of Ezra, Nehemiah, and Esther; Matthew Henry, Commentary on the Whole Bible and W. F. Adeney, Ezra, Nehemiah and Esther (Expositor's Bible).