Hebrew verb · H7392
רָכַב
rakabraw-kab'
to ride
78 uses in the Hebrew text, one for each word STEP Bible has tagged with this key
Concordance spelling: râkab
Word page · Part of the concordance, one page for every word of the Hebrew and Greek text. Strong's H7392is this word's number in James Strong's 1890 index of the King James Bible.
- 24 of 39Old Testament books
- 64spellings
The definition in full
Strong's key (1890) · H7392
to ride (on an animal or in a vehicle); causatively, to place upon (for riding or generally), to despatch
The King James renders it: bring (on (horse-) back), carry, get (oneself) up, on (horse-) back, put, (cause to, make to) ride (in a chariot, on, -r), set.
James Strong, The Exhaustive Concordance of the Bible (1890), public domain. Strong indexed the King James text, and this site quotes his entry as that index.
Summary
rakab is rendered "to ride". It stands 78 times in the Hebrew text, across twenty-four books.
- Eleven of the uses stand in 2 Kings, more than in any other book.
- Its first use in canonical order opens the ledger below.Genesis 24:61Then Rebekah and her servant girls got ready, mounted the camels, and followed the man. So the servant took Rebekah and left.
- The Greek text spells it sixty-four different ways.
The first use
Then Rebekah and her servant girls got ready, mounted the camels, and followed the man. So the servant took Rebekah and left.
Genesis 24:61וַתִּרְכַּ֙בְנָה֙
The first use, in the order of the Old Testament's books.
Where the word stands
The word stands in twenty-four of the 39 Old Testament books.
What the word means
Each meaning, and the words it is translated by
How the Greek text is glossed, word by word
- riders of7
- riding7
- and rider its5
- and he rode4
- and he made ride2
- and they caused to ride2
- and they made ride him2
- and they made to ride2
- ride2
- riders2
- rode2
- to ride2
and 37 more, 78 uses in all
The words built on the same word-part
Each word below begins with the same letters this one begins with. A shared word-part shows a family. It does not settle what any one of them means, so each word carries its own uses on its own page. Scholars call that shared part the stem.
The words it stands beside
All 78, in canonical order
Every use, in order
Every use, grouped by book, with its verse.
64 spellings and their grammar
STEP Bible tags every word of the Hebrew and Greek text with its spelling and its grammar. Both lists below count the rows printed underneath, written out in English, with the code beside each one as it was tagged.
How it is spelled
- וְרֹכְב֖וֹ3
- רֹכֵ֣ב3
- רֹכְבֵ֤י3
- וַיִּרְכַּ֥ב2
- וְרֹכֵ֣ב2
- יִרְכָּ֑בוּ2
- נִרְכָּ֔ב2
- רֹכֵ֨ב2
- רֹכְבֵ֥י2
- רֹֽכְבִים֙2
- רֹכְבִ֥ים2
- אַרְכִּ֤יב1
and 52 more spellings in the ledger below.
The grammar of each form
- verb · simple (qal), participle · masculine plural · in construct (“…of”)8HVqrmpc
- verb · simple (qal), participle · masculine plural7HVqrmpa
- Hc/Vhw3mp6Hc/Vhw3mp
- verb · simple (qal), participle · masculine singular6HVqrmsa
- conjunction (“and”) + verb · simple (qal), participle · masculine singular · in construct (“…of”) + pronoun suffix · 3rd person masculine singular5HC/Vqrmsc/Sp3ms
- Hc/Vqw3ms5Hc/Vqw3ms
- Hc/Vhw3mp/Sp3ms2Hc/Vhw3mp/Sp3ms
- Hc/Vhw3ms2Hc/Vhw3ms
- preposition + verb · simple (qal), infinitive (“to…”)2HR/Vqcc
- preposition with the article + verb · simple (qal), participle · masculine singular2HRd/Vqrmsa
- verb · simple (qal), yiqtol (imperfect) · 1st person common plural2HVqi1cp
- verb · simple (qal), yiqtol (imperfect) · 3rd person masculine plural2HVqi3mp
Genesis
three uses
Then Rebekah and her servant girls got ready, mounted the camels, and followed the man. So the servant took Rebekah and left.
- וַתִּרְכַּ֙בְנָה֙vatirkavnahHc/Vqw3fptagged: and they rode
He had Joseph ride in his second chariot, with men calling out before him, “Bow the knee!” So he placed him over all the land of Egypt.
- וַיַּרְכֵּ֣בvaiyarkevHc/Vhw3mstagged: and he made ride
He will be a snake by the road, a viper in the path that bites the horse’s heels so that its rider tumbles backward.
- רֹכְב֖וֹrokhevoverb · simple (qal), participle · masculine singular · in construct (“…of”) + pronoun suffix · 3rd person masculine singulartagged: rider its
Exodus
three uses
So Moses took his wife and sons, put them on a donkey, and headed back to Egypt. And he took the staff of God in his hand.
- וַיַּרְכִּבֵם֙vaiyarkivemHc/Vhw3ms/Sp3mptagged: and he made ride them
Then Moses and the Israelites sang this song to the LORD: “I will sing to the LORD, for He is highly exalted. The horse and rider He has thrown into the sea.
- וְרֹכְב֖וֹverokhevoconjunction (“and”) + verb · simple (qal), participle · masculine singular · in construct (“…of”) + pronoun suffix · 3rd person masculine singulartagged: and rider its
And Miriam sang back to them: “Sing to the LORD, for He is highly exalted; the horse and rider He has thrown into the sea.”
- וְרֹכְב֖וֹverokhevoconjunction (“and”) + verb · simple (qal), participle · masculine singular · in construct (“…of”) + pronoun suffix · 3rd person masculine singulartagged: and rider its
Leviticus
one use
Any saddle on which the man with the discharge rides will be unclean.
- יִרְכַּ֥בyirkavverb · simple (qal), yiqtol (imperfect) · 3rd person masculine singulartagged: he will ride
Numbers
two uses
Then God’s anger was kindled because Balaam was going along, and the angel of the LORD stood in the road to oppose him. Balaam was riding his donkey, and his two servants were with him.
- רֹכֵ֣בrokhevverb · simple (qal), participle · masculine singulartagged: riding
But the donkey said to Balaam, “Am I not the donkey you have ridden all your life until today? Have I ever treated you this way before?” “No,” he replied.
- רָכַ֣בְתָּrakhavtaverb · simple (qal), qatal (perfect) · 2nd person masculine singulartagged: you have ridden
Deuteronomy
two uses
He made him ride on the heights of the land and fed him the produce of the field. He nourished him with honey from the rock and oil from the flinty crag,
- יַרְכִּבֵ֙הוּ֙yarkivehuverb · causative (hiphil), yiqtol (imperfect) · 3rd person masculine singular + pronoun suffix · 3rd person masculine singulartagged: he caused to ride it
“There is none like the God of Jeshurun, who rides the heavens to your aid, and the clouds in His majesty.
- רֹכֵ֤בrokhevverb · simple (qal), participle · masculine singulartagged: rides
Judges
three uses
You who ride white donkeys, who sit on saddle blankets, and you who travel the road, ponder
- רֹכְבֵי֩rokheveiverb · simple (qal), participle · masculine plural · in construct (“…of”)tagged: O riders of
He had thirty sons who rode on thirty donkeys. And they had thirty towns in the land of Gilead, which to this day are called Havvoth-jair.
- רֹֽכְבִים֙rokhevimverb · simple (qal), participle · masculine pluraltagged: rode
He had forty sons and thirty grandsons, who rode on seventy donkeys. And he judged Israel eight years.
- רֹכְבִ֖יםrokhevimverb · simple (qal), participle · masculine pluraltagged: rode
1 Samuel
three uses
As Abigail came riding her donkey into a mountain ravine, she saw David and his men coming down toward her, and she met them.
- רֹכֶ֣בֶתrokhevetverb · simple (qal), participle · feminine singulartagged: riding
So Abigail hurried and got on a donkey, and attended by five of her maidens, she followed David’s messengers and became his wife.
- וַתִּרְכַּב֙vatirkavHc/Vqw3fstagged: and she rode
And David struck them down from twilight until the evening of the next day. Not a man escaped, except four hundred young men who fled, riding off on camels.
- רָכְב֥וּrakhevuverb · simple (qal), qatal (perfect) · 3rd person common pluraltagged: they rode
2 Samuel
six uses
They set the ark of God on a new cart and brought it from the house of Abinadab, which was on the hill. Uzzah and Ahio, the sons of Abinadab, were guiding the new cart,
- וַיַּרְכִּ֜בוּvaiyarkivuHc/Vhw3mptagged: and they made to ride
So Absalom’s young men did to Amnon just as Absalom had ordered. Then all the other sons of the king got up, and each one fled on his mule.
- וַֽיִּרְכְּב֛וּvaiyirkevuHc/Vqw3mptagged: and they mounted
“Why do you have these?” asked the king. Ziba replied, “The donkeys are for the king’s household to ride, the bread and summer fruit are for the young men to eat, and the wine is to refresh those who become exhausted in the wilderness.”
- לִרְכֹּ֗בlirkopreposition + verb · simple (qal), infinitive (“to…”)tagged: to ride
Now Absalom was riding on his mule when he met the servants of David, and as the mule went under the thick branches of a large oak, Absalom’s head was caught fast in the tree. The mule under him kept going, so that he was suspended in midair.
- רֹכֵ֣בrokhevverb · simple (qal), participle · masculine singulartagged: riding
“My lord the king,” he replied, “because I am lame, I said, ‘I will have my donkey saddled so that I may ride on it and go with the king.’ But my servant Ziba deceived me,
- וְאֶרְכַּ֤בveerkavHC/Vqu1cstagged: so I may ride
He mounted a cherub and flew; He soared on the wings of the wind.
- וַיִּרְכַּ֥בvaiyirkavHc/Vqw3mstagged: and he rode
1 Kings
five uses
“Take my servants with you,” said the king. “Set my son Solomon on my own mule and take him down to Gihon.
- וְהִרְכַּבְתֶּם֙vehirkavtemHc/Vhq2mptagged: and you will cause to ride
Then Zadok the priest, Nathan the prophet, and Benaiah son of Jehoiada, along with the Cherethites and Pelethites, went down and set Solomon on King David’s mule, and they escorted him to Gihon.
- וַיַּרְכִּ֙בוּ֙vaiyarkivuHc/Vhw3mptagged: and they caused to ride
And with Solomon, the king has sent Zadok the priest, Nathan the prophet, and Benaiah son of Jehoiada, along with the Cherethites and Pelethites, and they have set him on the king’s mule.
- וַיַּרְכִּ֣בוּvaiyarkivuHc/Vhw3mptagged: and they have caused to ride
So the prophet said to his sons, “Saddle the donkey for me.” Then they saddled the donkey for him, and he mounted it
- וַיִּרְכַּ֖בvaiyirkavHc/Vqw3mstagged: and he rode
Meanwhile, the sky grew dark with clouds and wind, and a heavy rain began to fall. So Ahab rode away and went to Jezreel.
- וַיִּרְכַּ֥בvaiyirkavHc/Vqw3mstagged: and he rode
2 Kings
eleven uses
Then she saddled the donkey and told her servant, “Drive onward; do not slow the pace for me unless I tell you.”
- לִרְכֹּ֔בlirkopreposition + verb · simple (qal), infinitive (“to…”)tagged: to ride
Then Jehu got into his chariot and went to Jezreel, because Joram was laid up there and Ahaziah king of Judah had gone down to see him.
- וַיִּרְכַּ֤בvaiyirkavHc/Vqw3mstagged: and he rode in a chariot
So a horseman rode off to meet Jehu and said, “This is what the king asks: ‘Have you come in peace?’” “What do you know about peace?” Jehu replied. “Fall in behind me.” And the watchman reported, “The messenger reached them, but he is not coming back.”
- רֹכֵ֨בrokhevverb · simple (qal), participle · masculine singular · in construct (“…of”)tagged: rider of
So the king sent out a second horseman, who went to them and said, “This is what the king asks: ‘Have you come in peace?’” “What do you know about peace?” Jehu replied. “Fall in behind me.”
- רֹכֵ֣בrokhevverb · simple (qal), participle · masculine singular · in construct (“…of”)tagged: a rider of
And Jehu said to Bidkar his officer, “Pick him up and throw him into the field of Naboth the Jezreelite. For remember that when you and I were riding together behind his father Ahab, the LORD lifted up this burden against him:
- רֹכְבִ֤יםrokhevimverb · simple (qal), participle · masculine pluraltagged: riding
Then his servants carried him by chariot to Jerusalem and buried him with his fathers in his tomb in the City of David.
- וַיַּרְכִּ֧בוּvaiyarkivuHc/Vhw3mptagged: and they caused to ride
saying, “Come with me and see my zeal for the LORD!” So he had him ride in his chariot.
- וַיַּרְכִּ֥בוּvaiyarkivuHc/Vhw3mptagged: and they made ride
Then Elisha said to the king of Israel, “Put your hand on the bow.” So the king put his hand on the bow, and Elisha put his hands on the king’s hands.
- הַרְכֵּ֤בharkevverb · causative (hiphil), command · 2nd person masculine singulartagged: make ride
- וַיַּרְכֵּ֖בvaiyarkevHc/Vhw3mstagged: and he made ride
Now, therefore, make a bargain with my master, the king of Assyria. I will give you two thousand horses—if you can put riders on them!
- רֹכְבִ֥יםrokhevimverb · simple (qal), participle · masculine pluraltagged: riders
From Megiddo his servants carried his body in a chariot, brought him to Jerusalem, and buried him in his own tomb. Then the people of the land took Jehoahaz son of Josiah, anointed him, and made him king in place of his father.
- וַיַּרְכִּבֻ֨הוּvaiyarkivuhuHc/Vhw3mp/Sp3mstagged: and they made ride him
1 Chronicles
one use
So they carried the ark of God from the house of Abinadab on a new cart, with Uzzah and Ahio guiding the cart.
- וַיַּרְכִּ֜יבוּvaiyarkivuHc/Vhw3mptagged: and they made to ride
2 Chronicles
one use
So his servants took him out of his chariot, put him in his second chariot, and brought him to Jerusalem, where he died. And Josiah was buried in the tomb of his fathers, and all Judah and Jerusalem mourned for him.
- וַֽיַּרְכִּיבֻהוּ֮vaiyarkivuhuHc/Vhw3mp/Sp3mstagged: and they made ride him
Nehemiah
one use
I set out at night with a few men. I did not tell anyone what my God had laid on my heart to do for Jerusalem. The only animal with me was the one on which I was riding.
- רֹכֵ֥בrokhevverb · simple (qal), participle · masculine singulartagged: riding
Esther
five uses
have them bring a royal robe that the king himself has worn and a horse on which the king himself has ridden—one with a royal crest placed on its head.
- רָכַ֤בrakhavverb · simple (qal), qatal (perfect) · 3rd person masculine singulartagged: he has ridden
Let the robe and the horse be entrusted to one of the king’s most noble princes. Let them array the man the king wants to honor and parade him on the horse through the city square, proclaiming before him, ‘This is what is done for the man whom the king is delighted to honor!’”
- וְהִרְכִּיבֻ֤הוּvehirkivuhuHc/Vhq3cp/Sp3mstagged: and they will make ride him
So Haman took the robe and the horse, arrayed Mordecai, and paraded him through the city square, crying out before him, “This is what is done for the man whom the king is delighted to honor!”
- וַיַּרְכִּיבֵ֙הוּ֙vaiyarkivehuHc/Vhw3ms/Sp3mstagged: and he made ride him
Mordecai wrote in the name of King Xerxes and sealed it with the royal signet ring. He sent the documents by mounted couriers riding on swift horses bred from the royal mares.
- רֹכְבֵ֤יrokheveiverb · simple (qal), participle · masculine plural · in construct (“…of”)tagged: riders of
The couriers rode out in haste on their royal horses, pressed on by the command of the king. And the edict was also issued in the citadel of Susa.
- רֹכְבֵ֤יrokheveiverb · simple (qal), participle · masculine plural · in construct (“…of”)tagged: riders of
Job
two uses
You snatch me up into the wind and drive me before it; You toss me about in the storm.
- תַּרְכִּיבֵ֑נִיtarkiveniverb · causative (hiphil), yiqtol (imperfect) · 2nd person masculine singular + pronoun suffix · 1st person masculine or feminine singulartagged: you make ride me
Yet when she proudly spreads her wings, she laughs at the horse and its rider.
- וּלְרֹֽכְבֽוֹ׃ulerokhevoconjunction (“and”) + preposition + verb · simple (qal), participle · masculine singular · in construct (“…of”) + pronoun suffix · 3rd person masculine singulartagged: and to rider its
Psalms
five uses
He mounted a cherub and flew; He soared on the wings of the wind.
- וַיִּרְכַּ֣בvaiyirkavHc/Vqw3mstagged: and he rode
In your splendor ride forth in victory on behalf of truth and humility and justice; may your right hand show your awesome deeds.
- רְכַ֗בrekhavverb · simple (qal), command · 2nd person masculine singulartagged: ride forth
You let men ride over our heads; we went through fire and water, but You brought us into abundance.
- הִרְכַּ֥בְתָּhirkavtaverb · causative (hiphil), qatal (perfect) · 2nd person masculine singulartagged: you have made ride
Sing to God! Sing praises to His name. Exalt Him who rides on the clouds— His name is the LORD— and rejoice before Him.
- לָרֹכֵ֣בlarokhevpreposition with the article + verb · simple (qal), participle · masculine singulartagged: to the rider
to Him who rides upon the highest heavens of old; behold, His mighty voice resounds.
- לָ֭רֹכֵבlarokhevpreposition with the article + verb · simple (qal), participle · masculine singulartagged: to the rider
Isaiah
four uses
This is the burden against Egypt: Behold, the LORD rides on a swift cloud; He is coming to Egypt. The idols of Egypt will tremble before Him, and the hearts of the Egyptians will melt within them.
- רֹכֵ֨בrokhevverb · simple (qal), participle · masculine singulartagged: riding
“No,” you say, “we will flee on horses.” Therefore you will flee! “We will ride swift horses,” but your pursuers will be faster.
- נִרְכָּ֔בnirkavverb · simple (qal), yiqtol (imperfect) · 1st person common pluraltagged: we will ride
Now, therefore, make a bargain with my master, the king of Assyria. I will give you two thousand horses—if you can put riders on them!
- רֹכְבִ֥יםrokhevimverb · simple (qal), participle · masculine pluraltagged: riders
then you will delight yourself in the LORD, and I will make you ride on the heights of the land and feed you with the heritage of your father Jacob.” For the mouth of the LORD has spoken.
- וְהִרְכַּבְתִּ֖יךָvehirkavtikhaHc/Vhq1cs/Sp2mstagged: and I will make ride you
Jeremiah
six uses
They grasp the bow and spear; they are cruel and merciless. Their voice roars like the sea, and they ride upon horses, lined up like men in formation against you, O Daughter of Zion.”
- יִרְכָּ֑בוּyirkavuverb · simple (qal), yiqtol (imperfect) · 3rd person masculine pluraltagged: they ride
then kings and princes will enter through the gates of this city. They will sit on the throne of David, riding in chariots and on horses with their officials, along with the men of Judah and the residents of Jerusalem, and this city will be inhabited forever.
- רֹכְבִ֣ים׀rokhevimverb · simple (qal), participle · masculine pluraltagged: ride
For if you will indeed carry out these commands, then kings who sit on David’s throne will enter through the gates of this palace riding on chariots and horses—they and their officials and their people.
- רֹֽכְבִים֙rokhevimverb · simple (qal), participle · masculine pluraltagged: ride
They grasp the bow and spear; they are cruel and merciless. Their voice roars like the sea, and they ride upon horses, lined up like men in formation against you, O Daughter of Babylon.
- יִרְכָּ֑בוּyirkavuverb · simple (qal), yiqtol (imperfect) · 3rd person masculine pluraltagged: they will ride
With you I shatter the horse and rider; with you I shatter the chariot and driver.
- וְרֹֽכְב֑וֹverokhevoconjunction (“and”) + verb · simple (qal), participle · masculine singular · in construct (“…of”) + pronoun suffix · 3rd person masculine singulartagged: and rider its
- וְרֹכְבֽוֹ׃verokhevoconjunction (“and”) + verb · simple (qal), participle · masculine singular · in construct (“…of”) + pronoun suffix · 3rd person masculine singulartagged: and rider its
Ezekiel
four uses
clothed in blue, governors and commanders, all desirable young men, horsemen mounted on steeds.
- רֹכְבֵ֖יrokheveiverb · simple (qal), participle · masculine plural · in construct (“…of”)tagged: riders of
She too lusted after the Assyrians—governors and commanders, warriors dressed in splendor, horsemen riding on steeds, all desirable young men.
- רֹכְבֵ֣יrokheveiverb · simple (qal), participle · masculine plural · in construct (“…of”)tagged: riders of
the Babylonians and all the Chaldeans, the men of Pekod, Shoa, and Koa, and all the Assyrians with them—all desirable young men, governors and commanders, officers and men of renown, mounted on horses.
- רֹכְבֵ֥יrokheveiverb · simple (qal), participle · masculine plural · in construct (“…of”)tagged: riders of
And you will come from your place out of the far north—you and many peoples with you, all riding horses—a mighty horde, a huge army.
- רֹכְבֵ֤יrokheveiverb · simple (qal), participle · masculine plural · in construct (“…of”)tagged: riders of
Hosea
two uses
Ephraim is a well-trained heifer that loves to thresh; but I will place a yoke on her fair neck. I will harness Ephraim, Judah will plow, and Jacob will break the hard ground.
- אַרְכִּ֤יבʾarkivverb · causative (hiphil), yiqtol (imperfect) · 1st person common singulartagged: I will cause to draw
Assyria will not save us, nor will we ride on horses. We will never again say, ‘Our gods!’ to the work of our own hands. For in You the fatherless find compassion.”
- נִרְכָּ֔בnirkavverb · simple (qal), yiqtol (imperfect) · 1st person common pluraltagged: we will ride
Amos
one use
The archer will not stand his ground, the fleet of foot will not escape, and the horseman will not save his life.
- וְרֹכֵ֣בverokhevconjunction (“and”) + verb · simple (qal), participle · masculine singular · in construct (“…of”)tagged: and rider of
Habakkuk
one use
Were You angry at the rivers, O LORD? Was Your wrath against the streams? Did You rage against the sea when You rode on Your horses, on Your chariots of salvation?
- תִרְכַּב֙tirkavverb · simple (qal), yiqtol (imperfect) · 2nd person masculine singulartagged: you will ride
Haggai
two uses
I will overturn royal thrones and destroy the power of the kingdoms of the nations. I will overturn chariots and their riders; horses and their riders will fall, each by the sword of his brother.
- וְרֹ֣כְבֶ֔יהָverokheveihaconjunction (“and”) + verb · simple (qal), participle · masculine plural · in construct (“…of”) + pronoun suffix · 3rd person feminine singulartagged: and riders its
- וְרֹ֣כְבֵיהֶ֔םverokheveihemconjunction (“and”) + verb · simple (qal), participle · masculine plural · in construct (“…of”) + pronoun suffix · 3rd person masculine pluraltagged: and riders their
Zechariah
four uses
I looked out into the night and saw a man riding on a red horse. He was standing among the myrtle trees in the hollow, and behind him were red, sorrel, and white horses.
- רֹכֵב֙rokhevverb · simple (qal), participle · masculine singulartagged: riding
Rejoice greatly, O Daughter of Zion! Shout in triumph, O Daughter of Jerusalem! See, your King comes to you, righteous and victorious, humble and riding on a donkey, on a colt, the foal of a donkey.
- וְרֹכֵ֣בverokhevconjunction (“and”) + verb · simple (qal), participle · masculine singulartagged: and riding
They will be like mighty men in battle, trampling the enemy in the mire of the streets. They will fight because the LORD is with them, and they will put the horsemen to shame.
- רֹכְבֵ֥יrokheveiverb · simple (qal), participle · masculine plural · in construct (“…of”)tagged: riders of
On that day, declares the LORD, I will strike every horse with panic, and every rider with madness. I will keep a watchful eye on the house of Judah, but I will strike with blindness all the horses of the nations.
- וְרֹכְב֖וֹverokhevoconjunction (“and”) + verb · simple (qal), participle · masculine singular · in construct (“…of”) + pronoun suffix · 3rd person masculine singulartagged: and rider its
Where it leads
How the numbers are counted
Every count on this page comes from STEP Bible's tagged Hebrew and Greek text, the same text the ledger prints. A use is counted once each time the tagging marks a word with this key.
Spellings are counted as the Greek text spells them, with the sentence's own punctuation taken off the word first, so a form that ends a clause is not counted as a second spelling.
The words it stands beside are the nouns, verbs and adjectives immediately before or after it, counted in every verse where the word stands. The article, the conjunctions and the prepositions are left out, because they stand beside every word.
The family is read from the lexicon by the stem the two words share, with the accents off, and a person or a place named on the stem is left out.
