2 Samuelchapter 1
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Original Language
2 Samuel 1— Hebrew word study · with the Hebrew tradition
How to read a word below: the Hebrewword, then how it sounds, then what it means, then its number in Strong’s concordance, a widely used lookup this site follows (H for Hebrew and Aramaic, G for Greek). Square brackets hold a word the English supplies that the Hebrew does not, angle brackets mark the Hebrew’s own grammatical elements that English renders as separate words, and the mark ס or פ is where the Hebrew manuscripts end a paragraph.
The messenger who lied his way to a death sentence1
2 Samuel 1:1· Hebrew and glosses: STEP Bible
וַיְהִ֗יvayhiand it wasH1961אַֽחֲרֵי֙ʾachareiafterH310מ֣וֹתmot[the] death ofH4194שָׁא֔וּלshaulSaulH7586וְדָוִ֣דvedavidand DavidH1732שָׁ֔בshavhe returnedH7725מֵהַכּ֖וֹתmehakotfrom defeatingH5221אֶת־ʾet-<obj.>H853הָעֲמָלֵ֑קhaamalek<the> AmalekH6002וַיֵּ֧שֶׁבvaiyeshevand he remainedH3427דָּוִ֛דdavidDavidH1732בְּצִקְלָ֖גbetziklagin ZiklagH6860יָמִ֥יםyamimdaysH3117שְׁנָֽיִם׃shenayimtwoH8147
2 Samuel 1:2· Hebrew and glosses: STEP Bible
וַיְהִ֣י׀vayhiand it wasH1961בַּיּ֣וֹםbaiyomon the dayH3117הַשְּׁלִישִׁ֗יhashelishi<the> thirdH7992וְהִנֵּה֩vehinehand there!H2009אִ֨ישׁʾisha manH376בָּ֤אba'[was] comingH935מִן־min-fromH4480הַֽמַּחֲנֶה֙hamachanehthe campH4264מֵעִ֣םmeimfrom withH5973שָׁא֔וּלshaulSaulH7586וּבְגָדָ֣יוuvegadavand garments hisH899קְרֻעִ֔יםkeruim[were] tornH7167וַאֲדָמָ֖הvaadamahand earthH127עַל־ʾal-[was] onH5921רֹאשׁ֑וֹroshohead hisH7218וַיְהִי֙vayhiand it wasH1961בְּבֹא֣וֹbevoowhen came heH935אֶל־ʾel-toH413דָּוִ֔דdavidDavidH1732וַיִּפֹּ֥לvaiyipoland he fellH5307אַ֖רְצָהʾartzah[the] ground towardsH776וַיִּשְׁתָּֽחוּ׃vaiyishtachuand he bowed downH7812
2 Samuel 1:3· Hebrew and glosses: STEP Bible
וַיֹּ֤אמֶרvaiyomerand he saidH559לוֹ֙loto <the> himדָּוִ֔דdavidDavidH1732אֵ֥יʾeiwhere?H335מִזֶּ֖הmizehfrom thisH2088תָּב֑וֹאtavo'are you comingH935וַיֹּ֣אמֶרvaiyomerand he saidH559אֵלָ֔יוʾelavto himH413מִמַּחֲנֵ֥הmimachanehfrom [the] camp ofH4264יִשְׂרָאֵ֖לyisraelIsraelH3478נִמְלָֽטְתִּי׃nimlatetiI have escapedH4422
2 Samuel 1:4· Hebrew and glosses: STEP Bible
וַיֹּ֨אמֶרvaiyomerand he saidH559אֵלָ֥יוʾelavto himH413דָּוִ֛דdavidDavidH1732מֶה־meh-what?H4100הָיָ֥הhayahwas itH1961הַדָּבָ֖רhadavarthe wordH1697הַגֶּד־haged-tellH5046נָ֣אna'pleaseH4994לִ֑יlito <the> meוַ֠יֹּאמֶרvaiyomerand he saidH559אֲשֶׁר־ʾasher-thatH834נָ֨סnasit has fledH5127הָעָ֜םhaamthe peopleH5971מִן־min-fromH4480הַמִּלְחָמָ֗הhamilchamahthe battleH4421וְגַם־vegam-and alsoH1571הַרְבֵּ֞הharbeh[surely] a multitudeH7235נָפַ֤לnafal<it> has fallenH5307מִן־min-ofH4480הָעָם֙haamthe peopleH5971וַיָּמֻ֔תוּvaiyamutuand they have diedH4191וְגַ֗םvegamand alsoH1571שָׁא֛וּלshaulSaulH7586וִיהוֹנָתָ֥ןvihonatanand JonathanH3083בְּנ֖וֹbenoson hisH1121מֵֽתוּ׃metuthey have diedH4191
2 Samuel 1:5· Hebrew and glosses: STEP Bible
וַיֹּ֣אמֶרvaiyomerand he saidH559דָּוִ֔דdavidDavidH1732אֶל־ʾel-toH413הַנַּ֖עַרhanaarthe young manH5288הַמַּגִּ֣ידhamagidwho had toldH5046ל֑וֹloto <the> himאֵ֣יךְʾeikhhow?H349יָדַ֔עְתָּyada'tado you knowH3045כִּי־ki-thatH3588מֵ֥תmethe has diedH4191שָׁא֖וּלshaulSaulH7586וִיהֽוֹנָתָ֥ןvihonatanand JonathanH3083בְּנֽוֹ׃benoson hisH1121
2 Samuel 1:6· Hebrew and glosses: STEP Bible
וַיֹּ֜אמֶרvaiyomerand he saidH559הַנַּ֣עַר׀hanaarthe young manH5288הַמַּגִּ֣ידhamagidwho had toldH5046ל֗וֹloto <the> himנִקְרֹ֤אnikro'[surely] by chanceH7122נִקְרֵ֙יתִי֙nikreitiI found myselfH7136בְּהַ֣רbeharon [the] mountain ofH2022הַגִּלְבֹּ֔עַhagilboa'<the> GilboaH1533וְהִנֵּ֥הvehinehand there!H2009שָׁא֖וּלshaulSaulH7586נִשְׁעָ֣ןnishan[was] leaningH8172עַל־ʾal-onH5921חֲנִית֑וֹchanitospear hisH2595וְהִנֵּ֥הvehinehand there!H2009הָרֶ֛כֶבharekhevthe chariotryH7393וּבַעֲלֵ֥יuvaaleiand [the] owners ofH1167הַפָּרָשִׁ֖יםhaparashimthe horsesH6571הִדְבִּקֻֽהוּ׃hidbikuhuthey overtook himH1692
2 Samuel 1:7· Hebrew and glosses: STEP Bible
2 Samuel 1:8· Hebrew and glosses: STEP Bible
2 Samuel 1:9· Hebrew and glosses: STEP Bible
וַיֹּ֣אמֶרvaiyomerand he saidH559אֵלַ֗יʾelaito meH413עֲמָד־ʾamod-standH5975נָ֤אna'pleaseH4994עָלַי֙ʾalaiover meH5921וּמֹ֣תְתֵ֔נִיumoteteniand kill meH4191כִּ֥יkiforH3588אֲחָזַ֖נִיʾachazaniit has seized meH270הַשָּׁבָ֑ץhashavatz<the> dizzinessH7661כִּֽי־ki-forH3588כָל־khol-allH3605ע֥וֹדodstillH5750נַפְשִׁ֖יnafshilife myH5315בִּֽי׃bi[is] in <the> me
2 Samuel 1:10· Hebrew and glosses: STEP Bible
וָאֶעֱמֹ֤דvaeemodand I stoodH5975עָלָיו֙ʾalavover himH5921וַאֲמֹ֣תְתֵ֔הוּvaamotetehuand I killed himH4191כִּ֣יkiforH3588יָדַ֔עְתִּיyada'tiI knewH3045כִּ֛יkithatH3588לֹ֥אlo'notH3808יִֽחְיֶ֖הyichyehhe will liveH2421אַחֲרֵ֣יʾachareiafterH310נִפְל֑וֹniflohad fallen heH5307וָאֶקַּ֞חvaekachand I tookH3947הַנֵּ֣זֶר׀hanezerthe crownH5145אֲשֶׁ֣רʾasherwhichH834עַל־ʾal-[was] onH5921רֹאשׁ֗וֹroshohead hisH7218וְאֶצְעָדָה֙veetzadahand an armletH685אֲשֶׁ֣רʾasherwhichH834עַל־ʾal-[was] onH5921זְרֹע֔וֹzerooarm hisH2220וָאֲבִיאֵ֥םvaaviemand I brought themH935אֶל־ʾel-toH413אֲדֹנִ֖יʾadonilord myH113הֵֽנָּה׃henahhereH2008
Rashi on II Samuel 1:10
And the bracelet that was on his arm. The tefilin that was on his arm. 12 This is Targum Yonasan’s translation. He refuses to explain it to literally mean bracelet because that would have been taken by the Pelishtim as part of the spoils of war (Meam Loez).
Read it in full at Sefaria · The Metsudah Tanach series, Lakewood, N.J
2 Samuel 1:11· Hebrew and glosses: STEP Bible
2 Samuel 1:12· Hebrew and glosses: STEP Bible
וַֽיִּסְפְּדוּ֙vaiyispeduand they mournedH5594וַיִּבְכּ֔וּvaiyivkuand they weptH1058וַיָּצֻ֖מוּvaiyatzumuand they fastedH6684עַד־ʾad-untilH5704הָעָ֑רֶבhaarevthe eveningH6153עַל־ʾal-onH5921שָׁא֞וּלshaulSaulH7586וְעַל־veal-and onH5921יְהוֹנָתָ֣ןyehonatanJonathanH3083בְּנ֗וֹbenoson hisH1121וְעַל־veal-and onH5921עַ֤םʾam[the] people ofH5971יְהוָה֙yahwehYahwehH3068וְעַל־veal-and onH5921בֵּ֣יתbeit[the] house ofH1004יִשְׂרָאֵ֔לyisraelIsraelH3478כִּ֥יkiforH3588נָפְל֖וּnafeluthey had fallenH5307בֶּחָֽרֶב׃ סbecharevby the swordH2719
2 Samuel 1:13· Hebrew and glosses: STEP Bible
וַיֹּ֣אמֶרvaiyomerand he saidH559דָּוִ֗דdavidDavidH1732אֶל־ʾel-toH413הַנַּ֙עַר֙hanaarthe young manH5288הַמַּגִּ֣ידhamagidwho had toldH5046ל֔וֹloto <the> himאֵ֥יʾeiwhere?H335מִזֶּ֖הmizehfrom thisH2088אָ֑תָּהʾatah[are] youH859וַיֹּ֕אמֶרvaiyomerand he saidH559בֶּן־ben-[am the] son ofH1121אִ֛ישׁʾisha manH376גֵּ֥רgera sojournerH1616עֲמָלֵקִ֖יʾamalkian AmalekiteH6003אָנֹֽכִי׃ʾanokhiIH595
2 Samuel 1:14· Hebrew and glosses: STEP Bible
וַיֹּ֥אמֶרvaiyomerand he saidH559אֵלָ֖יוʾelavto himH413דָּוִ֑דdavidDavidH1732אֵ֚יךְʾeikhhow?H349לֹ֣אlo'notH3808יָרֵ֔אתָyaretawere you afraidH3372לִשְׁלֹ֙חַ֙lishloachto stretch outH7971יָֽדְךָ֔yadekhahand yourH3027לְשַׁחֵ֖תleshachetto destroyH7843אֶת־ʾet-<obj.>H853מְשִׁ֥יחַmeshiach[the] [one] anointed ofH4899יְהוָֽה׃yahwehYahwehH3068
2 Samuel 1:15· Hebrew and glosses: STEP Bible
וַיִּקְרָ֣אvaiyikra'and he calledH7121דָוִ֗דdavidDavidH1732לְאַחַד֙leachadto oneH259מֵֽהַנְּעָרִ֔יםmehanearimfrom the young menH5288וַיֹּ֖אמֶרvaiyomerand he saidH559גַּ֣שׁgashdraw nearH5066פְּגַע־pega'-fallH6293בּ֑וֹboon <the> himוַיַּכֵּ֖הוּvaiyakehuand he struck down himH5221וַיָּמֹֽת׃vaiyamotand he diedH4191
2 Samuel 1:16· Hebrew and glosses: STEP Bible
וַיֹּ֤אמֶרvaiyomerand he saidH559אֵלָיו֙ʾelavto himH413דָּוִ֔דdavidDavidH1732דָּמְךָ֖dameikhablood yourH1818עַל־ʾal-[be] onH5921רֹאשֶׁ֑ךָroshekhahead yourH7218כִּ֣יkiforH3588פִ֗יךָfikhaown mouth yourH6310עָנָ֤הʾanahit has testifiedH6030בְךָ֙vekhaagainst <the> youלֵאמֹ֔רlemor<to> sayingH559אָנֹכִ֥יʾanokhiIH595מֹתַ֖תִּיmotatiI killedH4191אֶת־ʾet-<obj.>H853מְשִׁ֥יחַmeshiach[the] [one] anointed ofH4899יְהוָֽה׃ סyahwehYahwehH3068
Rashi on II Samuel 1:16
Your blood is on your own head. The responsibility for your death rests on your own head. 13 This is Targum Yonasan’s translation. There is no one to punish for your death but yourself.
Read it in full at Sefaria · The Metsudah Tanach series, Lakewood, N.J
How are the mighty fallen — the Song of the Bow17
2 Samuel 1:17· Hebrew and glosses: STEP Bible
2 Samuel 1:18· Hebrew and glosses: STEP Bible
וַיֹּ֕אמֶרvaiyomerand he saidH559לְלַמֵּ֥דlelamedto teachH3925בְּנֵֽי־benei-[the] descendants ofH1121יְהוּדָ֖הyehudahJudahH3063קָ֑שֶׁתkashetBowH7198הִנֵּ֥הhinehhere!H2009כְתוּבָ֖הkhetuvah[it is] writtenH3789עַל־ʾal-onH5921סֵ֥פֶרsefer[the] scroll ofH5612הַיָּשָֽׁר׃haiyasharthe JasharH3477
Rashi on II Samuel 1:18
He said, "To teach the Bnei Yehudah archery. David said, "Now that mighty among Yisroel have fallen, the Bnei Yehudah need to be taught how to make war and how to pull back a bow.
Read it in full at Sefaria · The Metsudah Tanach series, Lakewood, N.J
2 Samuel 1:19· Hebrew and glosses: STEP Bible
2 Samuel 1:20· Hebrew and glosses: STEP Bible
אַל־ʾal-may notH408תַּגִּ֣ידוּtagiduyou tellH5046בְגַ֔תvegatin GathH1661אַֽל־ʾal-may notH408תְּבַשְּׂר֖וּtevaseruyou bear newsH1319בְּחוּצֹ֣תbechutzotin [the] streets ofH2351אַשְׁקְל֑וֹןʾashkelonAshkelonH831פֶּן־pen-lestH6435תִּשְׂמַ֙חְנָה֙tismachnahthey should rejoiceH8055בְּנ֣וֹתbenot[the] daughters ofH1323פְּלִשְׁתִּ֔יםpelishtim[the] PhilistinesH6430פֶּֽן־pen-lestH6435תַּעֲלֹ֖זְנָהtaalozenahthey should exultH5937בְּנ֥וֹתbenot[the] daughters ofH1323הָעֲרֵלִֽים׃haarelimthe uncircumcisedH6189
2 Samuel 1:21· Hebrew and glosses: STEP Bible
הָרֵ֣יhareiO mountainsH2022בַגִּלְבֹּ֗עַvagilboa'in <the> GilboaH1533אַל־ʾal-may notH408טַ֧לtaldewH2919וְאַל־veal-and may notH408מָטָ֛רmatarrainH4306עֲלֵיכֶ֖םʾaleikhem[be] on youH5921וּשְׂדֵ֣יusedeiand fields ofH7704תְרוּמֹ֑תterumotcontributionsH8641כִּ֣יkiforH3588שָׁ֤םshamthereH8033נִגְעַל֙nigalit was defiledH1602מָגֵ֣ןmagen[the] shield ofH4043גִּבּוֹרִ֔יםgiborim[the] mighty [ones]H1368מָגֵ֣ןmagen[the] shield ofH4043שָׁא֔וּלshaulSaulH7586בְּלִ֖יbelinotH1097מָשִׁ֥יחַmashiach[was] anointedH4899בַּשָּֽׁמֶן׃bashamenwith <the> oilH8081
2 Samuel 1:22· Hebrew and glosses: STEP Bible
מִדַּ֣םmidamfrom [the] blood ofH1818חֲלָלִ֗יםchalalim[those] slainH2491מֵחֵ֙לֶב֙mechelevfrom [the] fat ofH2459גִּבּוֹרִ֔יםgiborim[the] mighty [ones]H1368קֶ֚שֶׁתkeshet[the] bow ofH7198יְה֣וֹנָתָ֔ןyehonatanJonathanH3083לֹ֥אlo'notH3808נָשׂ֖וֹגnasogit turned backH7734אָח֑וֹרʾachorbackwardsH268וְחֶ֣רֶבvecherevand [the] sword ofH2719שָׁא֔וּלshaulSaulH7586לֹ֥אlo'notH3808תָשׁ֖וּבtashuvit returnedH7725רֵיקָֽם׃reikamemptyH7387
2 Samuel 1:23· Hebrew and glosses: STEP Bible
שָׁא֣וּלshaulSaulH7586וִיהוֹנָתָ֗ןvihonatanand JonathanH3083הַנֶּאֱהָבִ֤יםhaneehavim<the> lovableH157וְהַנְּעִימִם֙vehaneimimand <the> pleasantH5273בְּחַיֵּיהֶ֔םbechaiyeihemin lives theirH2416וּבְמוֹתָ֖םuvemotamand in death theirH4194לֹ֣אlo'notH3808נִפְרָ֑דוּnifraduthey were separatedH6504מִנְּשָׁרִ֣יםminesharimmore than eaglesH5404קַ֔לּוּkaluthey were swiftH7043מֵאֲרָי֖וֹתmearayotmore than lionsH738גָּבֵֽרוּ׃gaveruthey were strongH1396
2 Samuel 1:24· Hebrew and glosses: STEP Bible
בְּנוֹת֙benotO daughters ofH1323יִשְׂרָאֵ֔לyisraelIsraelH3478אֶל־ʾel-because ofH413שָׁא֖וּלshaulSaulH7586בְּכֶ֑ינָהbekheinahweepH1058הַמַּלְבִּֽשְׁכֶ֤םhamalbishkhemwho clothed youH3847שָׁנִי֙shaniscarletH8144עִם־ʾim-withH5973עֲדָנִ֔יםʾadanimluxuriesH5730הַֽמַּעֲלֶה֙hamaalehwho brought upH5927עֲדִ֣יʾadiornament[s] ofH5716זָהָ֔בzahavgoldH2091עַ֖לʾalonH5921לְבוּשְׁכֶֽן׃levushekhenclothing yourH3830
2 Samuel 1:25· Hebrew and glosses: STEP Bible
2 Samuel 1:26· Hebrew and glosses: STEP Bible
צַר־tzar-it is distressH6887לִ֣יlito <the> meעָלֶ֗יךָʾaleikhaon youH5921אָחִי֙ʾachiO brother myH251יְה֣וֹנָתָ֔ןyehonatanJonathanH3083נָעַ֥מְתָּnaamtayou were pleasantH5276לִּ֖יlito <the> meמְאֹ֑דmeodveryH3966נִפְלְאַ֤תָהnifleatahit was wonderfulH6381אַהֲבָֽתְךָ֙ʾahavatekhalove yourH160לִ֔יlito <the> meמֵאַהֲבַ֖תmeahavatmore than [the] love ofH160נָשִֽׁים׃nashimwomenH802