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Hebrew verb · H5594

סָפַד

saphadsaw-fad'

to mourn

30 uses in the Hebrew text, one for each word STEP Bible has tagged with this key

Concordance spelling: çâphad

Word page · Part of the concordance, one page for every word of the Hebrew and Greek text. Strong's H5594is this word's number in James Strong's 1890 index of the King James Bible.

  • 11 of 39
    Old Testament books
  • 26
    spellings

The definition in full

Strong's key (1890) · H5594

properly, to tear the hair and beat the breasts (as Orientals do in grief); generally to lament; by implication, to wail

The King James renders it: lament, mourn(-er), wail.

James Strong, The Exhaustive Concordance of the Bible (1890), public domain. Strong indexed the King James text, and this site quotes his entry as that index.

Summary

saphad is rendered "to mourn". It stands 30 times in the Hebrew text, across eleven books.

  • Nine of the uses stand in Jeremiah, more than in any other book.
  • Its first use in canonical order opens the ledger below.Genesis 23:2She died in Kiriath-arba (that is, Hebron) in the land of Canaan, and Abraham went out to mourn and to weep for her.
  • The Greek text spells it twenty-six different ways.

The first use

She died in Kiriath-arba (that is, Hebron) in the land of Canaan, and Abraham went out to mourn and to weep for her.

Genesis 23:2לִסְפֹּ֥ד

The first use, in the order of the Old Testament's books.

Where the word stands

Nine of the word's thirty uses are in Jeremiah.

The other 28 Old Testament books never use the word.

What the word means

Each meaning, and the words it is translated by

How the Greek text is glossed, word by word

  • and they mourned3
  • people will mourn3
  • to mourn3
  • and they will mourn2
  • mourn2
  • they will be mourned2
  • you must lament2
  • and it will mourn1
  • and lament1
  • and mourn1
  • and people mourned1
  • and she mourned1

and 8 more, 30 uses in all

The words built on the same word-part

Each word below begins with the same letters this one begins with. A shared word-part shows a family. It does not settle what any one of them means, so each word carries its own uses on its own page. Scholars call that shared part the stem.

סָפַרsapharto recountUses159
סָפַקsaphaqto slapUses10
סָפַחsaphachto attachUses6
סָפַןsaphanto coverUses6
סָפַףsaphaphto standUses1

The words it stands beside

All 30, in canonical order

Every use, in order

Every use, grouped by book, with its verse.

26 spellings and their grammar

STEP Bible tags every word of the Hebrew and Greek text with its spelling and its grammar. Both lists below count the rows printed underneath, written out in English, with the code beside each one as it was tagged.

How it is spelled

  • וַיִּסְפְּדוּ־3
  • יִסְפְּד֣וּ3
  • אֶסְפְּדָ֣ה1
  • הַסֹּפְדִֽים׃1
  • וַֽיִּסְפְּדוּ֙1
  • וַיִּסְפְּד֥וּ1
  • וַיִּ֨סְפְּדוּ־1
  • וְסָפְדָ֣ה1
  • וְסִפְד֖וּ1
  • וְסִפְד֜וּ1
  • וְסָפְד֣וּ1
  • וְסָֽפְדוּ־1

and 14 more spellings in the ledger below.

The grammar of each form

  • Hc/Vqw3mp6Hc/Vqw3mp
  • verb · simple (qal), yiqtol (imperfect) · 3rd person masculine plural4HVqi3mp
  • preposition + verb · simple (qal), infinitive (“to…”)3HR/Vqcc
  • Hc/Vqq3cp2Hc/Vqq3cp
  • conjunction (“and”) + verb · simple (qal), command · 2nd person masculine plural2HC/Vqv2mp
  • verb · passive or reflexive (niphal), yiqtol (imperfect) · 3rd person masculine plural2HVNi3mp
  • conjunction (“and”) + verb · simple (qal), infinitive absolute1HC/Vqaa
  • Hc/Vqq3fs1Hc/Vqq3fs
  • Hc/Vqw3fs1Hc/Vqw3fs
  • the definite article (“the”) + verb · simple (qal), participle · masculine plural1HTd/Vqrmpa
  • verb · simple (qal), infinitive (“to…”) · 1st person common singular1HVqc1cs
  • verb · simple (qal), infinitive (“to…”)1HVqcc

Genesis

two uses
  • She died in Kiriath-arba (that is, Hebron) in the land of Canaan, and Abraham went out to mourn and to weep for her.

    Genesis 23:2

    • לִסְפֹּ֥דlispodpreposition + verb · simple (qal), infinitive (“to…”)tagged: to mourn
  • When they reached the threshing floor of Atad, which is across the Jordan, they lamented and wailed loudly, and Joseph mourned for his father seven days.

    Genesis 50:10

    • וַיִּ֨סְפְּדוּ־vaiyispedu-Hc/Vqw3mptagged: and they lamented

1 Samuel

two uses
  • When Samuel died, all Israel gathered to mourn for him; and they buried him at his home in Ramah. Then David set out and went down to the Wilderness of Paran.

    1 Samuel 25:1

    • וַיִּסְפְּדוּ־vaiyispedu-Hc/Vqw3mptagged: and they mourned
  • Now by this time Samuel had died, and all Israel had mourned for him and buried him in Ramah, his own city. And Saul had removed the mediums and spiritists from the land.

    1 Samuel 28:3

    • וַיִּסְפְּדוּ־vaiyispedu-Hc/Vqw3mptagged: and they had mourned

2 Samuel

three uses
  • They mourned and wept and fasted until evening for Saul and his son Jonathan, and for the people of the LORD and the house of Israel, because they had fallen by the sword.

    2 Samuel 1:12

    • וַֽיִּסְפְּדוּ֙vaiyispeduHc/Vqw3mptagged: and they mourned
  • Then David ordered Joab and all the people with him, “Tear your clothes, put on sackcloth, and mourn before Abner.” And King David himself walked behind the funeral bier.

    2 Samuel 3:31

    • וְסִפְד֖וּvesifduconjunction (“and”) + verb · simple (qal), command · 2nd person masculine pluraltagged: and mourn
  • When Uriah’s wife heard that her husband was dead, she mourned for him.

    2 Samuel 11:26

    • וַתִּסְפֹּ֖דvatispodHc/Vqw3fstagged: and she mourned

1 Kings

four uses
  • So the old prophet lifted up the body of the man of God, laid it on the donkey, and brought it back to his own city to mourn for him and bury him.

    1 Kings 13:29

    • לִסְפֹּ֖דlispodpreposition + verb · simple (qal), infinitive (“to…”)tagged: to mourn
  • Then he laid the body in his own tomb, and they lamented over him, “Oh, my brother!”

    1 Kings 13:30

    • וַיִּסְפְּד֥וּvaiyispeduHc/Vqw3mptagged: and people mourned
  • All Israel will mourn for him and bury him. For this is the only one belonging to Jeroboam who will receive a proper burial, because only in him has the LORD, the God of Israel, found any good in the house of Jeroboam.

    1 Kings 14:13

    • וְסָֽפְדוּ־vesafedu-Hc/Vqq3cptagged: and they will mourn
  • And they buried him, and all Israel mourned for him, according to the word that the LORD had spoken through His servant Ahijah the prophet.

    1 Kings 14:18

    • וַיִּסְפְּדוּ־vaiyispedu-Hc/Vqw3mptagged: and they mourned

Ecclesiastes

two uses
  • a time to weep and a time to laugh, a time to mourn and a time to dance,

    Ecclesiastes 3:4

    • סְפ֖וֹדsefodverb · simple (qal), infinitive (“to…”)tagged: to mourn
  • when men fear the heights and dangers of the road, when the almond tree blossoms, the grasshopper loses its spring, and the caper berry shrivels—for then man goes to his eternal home and mourners walk the streets.

    Ecclesiastes 12:5

    • הַסֹּפְדִֽים׃hasofedimthe definite article (“the”) + verb · simple (qal), participle · masculine pluraltagged: the mourners

Isaiah

one use
  • Beat your breasts for the pleasant fields, for the fruitful vines,

    Isaiah 32:12

    • סֹֽפְדִ֑יםsofedimverb · simple (qal), participle · masculine pluraltagged: mourning

Jeremiah

nine uses
  • So put on sackcloth, mourn and wail, for the fierce anger of the LORD has not turned away from us.”

    Jeremiah 4:8

    • סִפְד֣וּsifduverb · simple (qal), command · 2nd person masculine pluraltagged: mourn
  • “They will die from deadly diseases. They will not be mourned or buried, but will lie like dung on the ground. They will be finished off by sword and famine, and their corpses will become food for the birds of the air and beasts of the earth.”

    Jeremiah 16:4

    • יִסָּֽפְדוּ֙yisafeduverb · passive or reflexive (niphal), yiqtol (imperfect) · 3rd person masculine pluraltagged: they will be mourned
  • Indeed, this is what the LORD says: “Do not enter a house where there is a funeral meal. Do not go to mourn or show sympathy, for I have removed from this people My peace, My loving devotion, and My compassion,” declares the LORD.

    Jeremiah 16:5

    • לִסְפּ֔וֹדlispodpreposition + verb · simple (qal), infinitive (“to…”)tagged: to lament
  • “Both great and small will die in this land. They will not be buried or mourned, nor will anyone cut himself or shave his head for them.

    Jeremiah 16:6

    • יִסְפְּד֣וּyispeduverb · simple (qal), yiqtol (imperfect) · 3rd person masculine pluraltagged: people will mourn
  • Therefore this is what the LORD says concerning Jehoiakim son of Josiah king of Judah: “They will not mourn for him: ‘Alas, my brother! Alas, my sister!’ They will not mourn for him: ‘Alas, my master! Alas, his splendor!’

    Jeremiah 22:18

    • יִסְפְּד֣וּyispeduverb · simple (qal), yiqtol (imperfect) · 3rd person masculine pluraltagged: people will mourn
    • יִסְפְּד֣וּyispeduverb · simple (qal), yiqtol (imperfect) · 3rd person masculine pluraltagged: people will mourn
  • Those slain by the LORD on that day will be spread from one end of the earth to the other. They will not be mourned, gathered, or buried. They will be like dung lying on the ground.

    Jeremiah 25:33

    • יִסָּפְד֗וּyisafeduverb · passive or reflexive (niphal), yiqtol (imperfect) · 3rd person masculine pluraltagged: they will be mourned
  • you will die in peace. As spices were burned for your fathers, the former kings who preceded you, so people will burn spices for you and lament, ‘Alas, O master!’ For I Myself have spoken this word, declares the LORD.”

    Jeremiah 34:5

    • יִסְפְּדוּ־yispedu-verb · simple (qal), yiqtol (imperfect) · 3rd person masculine pluraltagged: they will mourn
  • Wail, O Heshbon, for Ai has been destroyed; cry out, O daughters of Rabbah! Put on sackcloth and mourn; run back and forth within your walls, for Milcom will go into exile together with his priests and officials.

    Jeremiah 49:3

    • סְפֹ֕דְנָהsefodenahverb · simple (qal), command · 2nd person feminine pluraltagged: mourn

Ezekiel

two uses
  • “Son of man, behold, I am about to take away the desire of your eyes with a fatal blow. But you must not mourn or weep or let your tears flow.

    Ezekiel 24:16

    • תִסְפֹּד֙tispodverb · simple (qal), yiqtol (imperfect) · 2nd person masculine singulartagged: you must lament
  • Your turbans will remain on your heads and your sandals on your feet. You will not mourn or weep, but you will waste away because of your sins, and you will groan among yourselves.

    Ezekiel 24:23

    • תִסְפְּד֖וּtispeduverb · simple (qal), yiqtol (imperfect) · 2nd person masculine pluraltagged: you must lament

Joel

one use
  • Put on sackcloth and lament, O priests; wail, O ministers of the altar. Come, spend the night in sackcloth, O ministers of my God, because the grain and drink offerings are withheld from the house of your God.

    Joel 1:13

    • וְסִפְד֜וּvesifduconjunction (“and”) + verb · simple (qal), command · 2nd person masculine pluraltagged: and lament

Micah

one use
  • Because of this I will lament and wail; I will walk barefoot and naked. I will howl like a jackal and mourn like an ostrich.

    Micah 1:8

    • אֶסְפְּדָ֣הʾespedahverb · simple (qal), infinitive (“to…”) · 1st person common singulartagged: I will lament

Zechariah

three uses
  • “Ask all the people of the land and the priests, ‘When you fasted and mourned in the fifth and seventh months for these seventy years, was it really for Me that you fasted?

    Zechariah 7:5

    • וְסָפ֜וֹדvesafodconjunction (“and”) + verb · simple (qal), infinitive absolutetagged: and you mourned
  • Then I will pour out on the house of David and on the people of Jerusalem a spirit of grace and prayer, and they will look on Me, the One they have pierced. They will mourn for Him as one mourns for an only child, and grieve bitterly for Him as one grieves for a firstborn son.

    Zechariah 12:10

    • וְסָפְד֣וּvesafeduHc/Vqq3cptagged: and they will mourn
  • The land will mourn, each clan on its own: the clan of the house of David and their wives, the clan of the house of Nathan and their wives,

    Zechariah 12:12

    • וְסָפְדָ֣הvesafedahHc/Vqq3fstagged: and it will mourn

The letters

Where it leads

How the numbers are counted

Every count on this page comes from STEP Bible's tagged Hebrew and Greek text, the same text the ledger prints. A use is counted once each time the tagging marks a word with this key.

Spellings are counted as the Greek text spells them, with the sentence's own punctuation taken off the word first, so a form that ends a clause is not counted as a second spelling.

The words it stands beside are the nouns, verbs and adjectives immediately before or after it, counted in every verse where the word stands. The article, the conjunctions and the prepositions are left out, because they stand beside every word.

The family is read from the lexicon by the stem the two words share, with the accents off, and a person or a place named on the stem is left out.

Hebrew and Greek text, word tagging and grammar: STEP Bible (www.STEPBible.org), Tyndale House, CC BY 4.0. Their grammar codes are written out in English here and shown as tagged beside each one.

Meaning and senses: STEP Bible TBESH gloss (Tyndale House, CC BY 4.0).

Dictionary key: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance of the Bible (1890, public domain). English verse text: Berean Standard Bible (public domain, 2023).

Revised 2026-09-05. Every cited work, the sources registry →