2 Samuelchapter 10
19 verses · BSB2 Samuel book hub →
David Attacks the Ammonites, Gustave Doré, Doré's English Bible (1866), public domain
Original Language
2 Samuel 10— Hebrew word study · with the Hebrew tradition
How to read a word below: the Hebrewword, then how it sounds, then what it means, then its number in Strong’s concordance, a widely used lookup this site follows (H for Hebrew and Aramaic, G for Greek). Square brackets hold a word the English supplies that the Hebrew does not, angle brackets mark the Hebrew’s own grammatical elements that English renders as separate words, and the mark ס or פ is where the Hebrew manuscripts end a paragraph.
Half a beard and half a garment — kindness answered with insult1
2 Samuel 10:1· Hebrew and glosses: STEP Bible
וַֽיְהִי֙vayhiand it wasH1961אַֽחֲרֵי־ʾacharei-afterH310כֵ֔ןkhenthusH3651וַיָּ֕מָתvaiyamotand he diedH4191מֶ֖לֶךְmelekh[the] king ofH4428בְּנֵ֣יbenei[the] people ofH1121עַמּ֑וֹןamonAmmonH5983וַיִּמְלֹ֛ךְvaiyimlokhand he reignedH4427חָנ֥וּןchanunHanunH2586בְּנ֖וֹbenoson hisH1121תַּחְתָּֽיו׃tachtavin place hisH8478
2 Samuel 10:2· Hebrew and glosses: STEP Bible
וַיֹּ֨אמֶרvaiyomerand he saidH559דָּוִ֜דdavidDavidH1732אֶעֱשֶׂה־ʾeeseh-I will doH6213חֶ֣סֶד׀chesedcovenant loyaltyH2617עִם־ʾim-withH5973חָנ֣וּןchanunHanunH2586בֶּן־ben-[the] son ofH1121נָחָ֗שׁnachashNahashH5176כַּאֲשֶׁר֩kaasherjust asH834עָשָׂ֨הʾasahhe didH6213אָבִ֤יוʾavivfather hisH1עִמָּדִי֙ʾimadiwith meH5978חֶ֔סֶדchesedcovenant loyaltyH2617וַיִּשְׁלַ֨חvaiyishlachand he sentH7971דָּוִ֧דdavidDavidH1732לְנַחֲמ֛וֹlenachamoto comfort himH5162בְּיַד־beyad-by [the] hand ofH3027עֲבָדָ֖יוʾavadavservants hisH5650אֶל־ʾel-concerningH413אָבִ֑יוʾavivfather hisH1וַיָּבֹ֙אוּ֙vaiyavouand they cameH935עַבְדֵ֣יʾavdei[the] servants ofH5650דָוִ֔דdavidDavidH1732אֶ֖רֶץʾeretz[the] land ofH776בְּנֵ֥יbenei[the] people ofH1121עַמּֽוֹן׃amonAmmonH5983
2 Samuel 10:3· Hebrew and glosses: STEP Bible
וַיֹּאמְרוּ֩vaiyomeruand they saidH559שָׂרֵ֨יsarei[the] leaders ofH8269בְנֵֽי־venei-[the] people ofH1121עַמּ֜וֹןamonAmmonH5983אֶל־ʾel-toH413חָנ֣וּןchanunHanunH2586אֲדֹֽנֵיהֶ֗םʾadoneihemlord<s> theirH113הַֽמְכַבֵּ֨דhamkhabed¿ honoringH3513דָּוִ֤דdavid[is] DavidH1732אֶת־ʾet-<obj.>H853אָבִ֙יךָ֙ʾavikhafather yourH1בְּעֵינֶ֔יךָbeeineikhain view yourH5869כִּֽי־ki-forH3588שָׁלַ֥חshalachhe has sentH7971לְךָ֖lekhato <the> youמְנַֽחֲמִ֑יםmenachamimcomfortersH5162הֲ֠לוֹאhalo'¿ notH3808בַּעֲב֞וּרbaavurin orderH5668חֲק֤וֹרchakorto exploreH2713אֶת־ʾet-<obj.>H853הָעִיר֙hairthe cityH5892וּלְרַגְּלָ֣הּuleragelahand to spy on itH7270וּלְהָפְכָ֔הּulehafekhahand to overthrow itH2015שָׁלַ֥חshalachhas he sentH7971דָּוִ֛דdavidDavidH1732אֶת־ʾet-<obj.>H853עֲבָדָ֖יוʾavadavservants hisH5650אֵלֶֽיךָ׃ʾeleikhato youH413
2 Samuel 10:4· Hebrew and glosses: STEP Bible
וַיִּקַּ֨חvaiyikachand he tookH3947חָנ֜וּןchanunHanunH2586אֶת־ʾet-<obj.>H853עַבְדֵ֣יʾavdei[the] servants ofH5650דָוִ֗דdavidDavidH1732וַיְגַלַּח֙vaygalachand he shavedH1548אֶת־ʾet-<obj.>H853חֲצִ֣יchatzi<the> half ofH2677זְקָנָ֔םzekanambeard theirH2206וַיִּכְרֹ֧תvaiyikhrotand he cut offH3772אֶת־ʾet-<obj.>H853מַדְוֵיהֶ֛םmadveihemrobes theirH4063בַּחֵ֖צִיbachetziat the middleH2677עַ֣דʾadtoH5704שְׁתֽוֹתֵיהֶ֑םshetoteihembuttocks theirH8357וַֽיְשַׁלְּחֵֽם׃vayshalechemand he sent away themH7971
2 Samuel 10:5· Hebrew and glosses: STEP Bible
וַיַּגִּ֤דוּvaiyagiduand people toldH5046לְדָוִד֙ledavidto DavidH1732וַיִּשְׁלַ֣חvaiyishlachand he sentH7971לִקְרָאתָ֔םlikratamto meet themH7122כִּֽי־ki-forH3588הָי֥וּhayuthey wereH1961הָאֲנָשִׁ֖יםhaanashimthe menH582נִכְלָמִ֣יםnikhlamimhumiliatedH3637מְאֹ֑דmeodveryH3966וַיֹּ֤אמֶרvaiyomerand he saidH559הַמֶּ֙לֶךְ֙hamelekhthe kingH4428שְׁב֣וּshevuremainH3427בִֽירֵח֔וֹvirechoat JerichoH3405עַד־ʾad-untilH5704יְצַמַּ֥חyetzamachit will grow backH6779זְקַנְכֶ֖םzekankhembeard yourH2206וְשַׁבְתֶּֽם׃veshavtemand you will returnH7725
Joab and Abishai back to back against two armies6
2 Samuel 10:6· Hebrew and glosses: STEP Bible
וַיִּרְאוּ֙vaiyiruand they sawH7200בְּנֵ֣יbenei[the] people ofH1121עַמּ֔וֹןamonAmmonH5983כִּ֥יkithatH3588נִבְאֲשׁ֖וּnivashuthey had made themselves odiousH887בְּדָוִ֑דbedavidwith DavidH1732וַיִּשְׁלְח֣וּvaiyishlechuand they sentH7971בְנֵֽי־venei-[the] people ofH1121עַמּ֡וֹןamonAmmonH5983וַיִּשְׂכְּרוּ֩vaiyiskeruand they hiredH7936אֶת־ʾet-<obj.>H853אֲרַ֨םʾaramAramH758בֵּית־beit-BethH1050רְח֜וֹבrechovRehobH1050וְאֶת־veetand <obj.>H853אֲרַ֣םʾaramAramH758צוֹבָ֗אtzova'ZobahH6678עֶשְׂרִ֥יםʾesrimtwentyH6242אֶ֙לֶף֙ʾelefthousandH505רַגְלִ֔יraglifoot soldier[s]H7273וְאֶת־veetand <obj.>H853מֶ֤לֶךְmelekh[the] king ofH4428מַֽעֲכָה֙maakhahMaacahH4601אֶ֣לֶףʾelefone thousandH505אִ֔ישׁʾishmanH376וְאִ֣ישׁveishand [the] man ofH376ט֔וֹבtovTobH2897שְׁנֵים־sheneim-two [plus]H8147עָשָׂ֥רʾasartenH6240אֶ֖לֶףʾelefthousandH505אִֽישׁ׃ʾishmanH376
2 Samuel 10:7· Hebrew and glosses: STEP Bible
2 Samuel 10:8· Hebrew and glosses: STEP Bible
וַיֵּֽצְאוּ֙vaiyetzeuand they went outH3318בְּנֵ֣יbenei[the] people ofH1121עַמּ֔וֹןamonAmmonH5983וַיַּעַרְכ֥וּvaiyaarkhuand they deployedH6186מִלְחָמָ֖הmilchamahbattleH4421פֶּ֣תַחpetach[the] entrance ofH6607הַשָּׁ֑עַרhashaarthe gateH8179וַאֲרַ֨םvaaramand AramH758צוֹבָ֤אtzova'ZobahH6678וּרְחוֹב֙urechovand RehobH7340וְאִֽישׁ־veish-and [the] man ofH376ט֣וֹבtovTobH2897וּמַֽעֲכָ֔הumaakhahand MaacahH4601לְבַדָּ֖םlevadamto alone themH905בַּשָּׂדֶֽה׃basadeh[were] in the open countryH7704
2 Samuel 10:9· Hebrew and glosses: STEP Bible
וַיַּ֣רְאvaiyar'and he sawH7200יוֹאָ֗בyoavJoabH3097כִּֽי־ki-thatH3588הָיְתָ֤הhayetahit wasH1961אֵלָיו֙ʾelavagainst himH413פְּנֵ֣יpenei[the] face ofH6440הַמִּלְחָמָ֔הhamilchamahthe battleH4421מִפָּנִ֖יםmipanimfrom beforeH6440וּמֵֽאָח֑וֹרumeachorand from behindH268וַיִּבְחַ֗רvaiyivcharand he choseH977מִכֹּל֙mikolsome of allH3605בְּחוּרֵ֣יbechurei[the] chosen [men]H977יִשְׂרָאֵ֔לbeyisraelof IsraelH3478וַֽיַּעֲרֹ֖ךְvaiyaarokhand he deployed [them]H6186לִקְרַ֥אתlikratto meetH7122אֲרָֽם׃ʾaramAramH758
2 Samuel 10:10· Hebrew and glosses: STEP Bible
וְאֵת֙veetand <obj.>H853יֶ֣תֶרyeter[the] rest ofH3499הָעָ֔םhaamthe peopleH5971נָתַ֕ןnatanhe putH5414בְּיַ֖דbeyadin [the] hand ofH3027אַבְשַׁ֣יʾavshaiAbishaiH52אָחִ֑יוʾachivbrother hisH251וַֽיַּעֲרֹ֕ךְvaiyaarokhand he deployed [them]H6186לִקְרַ֖אתlikratto meetH7122בְּנֵ֥יbenei[the] people ofH1121עַמּֽוֹן׃amonAmmonH5983
2 Samuel 10:11· Hebrew and glosses: STEP Bible
וַיֹּ֗אמֶרvaiyomerand he saidH559אִם־ʾim-ifH518תֶּחֱזַ֤קtechezakit will be [too] strongH2388אֲרָם֙ʾaramAramH758מִמֶּ֔נִּיmimenifor meH4480וְהָיִ֥תָהvehayitahand you will becomeH1961לִּ֖יliof meלִֽישׁוּעָ֑הlishuah<into> deliveranceH3444וְאִם־veim-and ifH518בְּנֵ֤יbenei[the] people ofH1121עַמּוֹן֙ʾamonAmmonH5983יֶחֱזְק֣וּyechezkuthey will be [too] strongH2388מִמְּךָ֔mimekhafor youH4480וְהָלַכְתִּ֖יvehalakhtiand I will comeH1980לְהוֹשִׁ֥יעַֽlehoshia'to deliverH3467לָֽךְ׃lakh<to> <the> you
2 Samuel 10:12· Hebrew and glosses: STEP Bible
חֲזַ֤קchazakbe strongH2388וְנִתְחַזַּק֙venitchazakso we may show ourselves strongH2388בְּעַד־bead-forH1157עַמֵּ֔נוּʾamenupeople ourH5971וּבְעַ֖דuveadand forH1157עָרֵ֣יʾarei[the] cities ofH5892אֱלֹהֵ֑ינוּʾeloheinuGod ourH430וַֽיהוָ֔הvayahwehand YahwehH3068יַעֲשֶׂ֥הyaasehhe will doH6213הַטּ֖וֹבhatovthe goodH2896בְּעֵינָֽיו׃beeinavin view hisH5869
2 Samuel 10:13· Hebrew and glosses: STEP Bible
2 Samuel 10:14· Hebrew and glosses: STEP Bible
וּבְנֵ֨יuveneiand [the] people ofH1121עַמּ֤וֹןamonAmmonH5983רָאוּ֙rauthey sawH7200כִּי־ki-thatH3588נָ֣סnasit had fledH5127אֲרָ֔םʾaramAramH758וַיָּנֻ֙סוּ֙vaiyanusuand they fledH5127מִפְּנֵ֣יmipeneifrom beforeH6440אֲבִישַׁ֔יʾavishaiAbishaiH52וַיָּבֹ֖אוּvaiyavouand they wentH935הָעִ֑ירhairthe cityH5892וַיָּ֣שָׁבvaiyashovand he returnedH7725יוֹאָ֗בyoavJoabH3097מֵעַל֙mealfrom onH5921בְּנֵ֣יbenei[the] people ofH1121עַמּ֔וֹןamonAmmonH5983וַיָּבֹ֖אvaiyavo'and he cameH935יְרוּשָׁלִָֽם׃yerushalimJerusalemH3389
Hadadezer sues for peace; Syria helps Ammon no more15
2 Samuel 10:15· Hebrew and glosses: STEP Bible
2 Samuel 10:16· Hebrew and glosses: STEP Bible
וַיִּשְׁלַ֣חvaiyishlachand he sentH7971הֲדַדְעֶ֗זֶרhadadezerHadadezerH1928וַיֹּצֵ֤אvaiyotze'and he brought outH3318אֶת־ʾet-<obj.>H853אֲרָם֙ʾaramAramH758אֲשֶׁר֙ʾasherwhichH834מֵעֵ֣בֶרmeever[was] from [the] other side ofH5676הַנָּהָ֔רhanaharthe RiverH5104וַיָּבֹ֖אוּvaiyavouand they cameH935חֵילָ֑םcheilamHelamH2431וְשׁוֹבַ֛ךְveshovakhand ShobachH7731שַׂר־sar-[the] commander ofH8269צְבָ֥אtzeva'[the] army ofH6635הֲדַדְעֶ֖זֶרhadadezerHadadezerH1928לִפְנֵיהֶֽם׃lifneihem[was] <to> before themH6440
Rashi on II Samuel 10:16
Shovach the commander of Hadarezer's aray. Because he was very mighty and powerful, he is mentioned by name.
Read it in full at Sefaria · The Metsudah Tanach series, Lakewood, N.J
2 Samuel 10:17· Hebrew and glosses: STEP Bible
וַיֻּגַּ֣דvaiyugadand it was toldH5046לְדָוִ֗ד סledavidto DavidH1732וַיֶּאֱסֹ֤ףvaiyeesofand he gatheredH622אֶת־ʾet-<obj.>H853כָּל־kol-allH3605יִשְׂרָאֵל֙yisraelIsraelH3478וַיַּעֲבֹ֣רvaiyaavorand he passed overH5674אֶת־ʾet-<obj.>H853הַיַּרְדֵּ֔ןhaiyardenthe JordanH3383וַיָּבֹ֖אvaiyavo'and he cameH935חֵלָ֑אמָהchelamahHelam towardsH2431וַיַּעַרְכ֤וּvaiyaarkhuand they deployedH6186אֲרָם֙ʾaramAramH758לִקְרַ֣אתlikratto meetH7122דָּוִ֔דdavidDavidH1732וַיִּלָּחֲמ֖וּvaiyilachamuand they did battleH3898עִמּֽוֹ׃imowith himH5973
2 Samuel 10:18· Hebrew and glosses: STEP Bible
וַיָּ֣נָסvaiyanosand it fledH5127אֲרָם֮ʾaramAramH758מִפְּנֵ֣יmipeneifrom beforeH6440יִשְׂרָאֵל֒yisraelIsraelH3478וַיַּהֲרֹ֨גvaiyaharogand he killedH2026דָּוִ֜דdavidDavidH1732מֵאֲרָ֗םmearamof AramH758שְׁבַ֤עsheva'sevenH7651מֵאוֹת֙meothundred<s>H3967רֶ֔כֶבrekhevcharioteer[s]H7393וְאַרְבָּעִ֥יםvearbaimand fortyH705אֶ֖לֶףʾelefthousandH505פָּרָשִׁ֑יםparashimhorsemenH6571וְאֵ֨תveetand <obj.>H853שׁוֹבַ֧ךְshovakhShobachH7731שַׂר־sar-[the] commander ofH8269צְבָא֛וֹtzevaoarmy itsH6635הִכָּ֖הhikahhe struck downH5221וַיָּ֥מָתvaiyamotand he diedH4191שָֽׁם׃shamthereH8033
2 Samuel 10:19· Hebrew and glosses: STEP Bible
וַיִּרְא֨וּvaiyiruand they sawH7200כָֽל־khol-allH3605הַמְּלָכִ֜יםhamelakhimthe kingsH4428עַבְדֵ֣יʾavdei[the] servants ofH5650הֲדַדְעֶ֗זֶרhadadezerHadadezerH1928כִּ֤יkithatH3588נִגְּפוּ֙nigefuthey were defeatedH5062לִפְנֵ֣יlifnei<to> beforeH6440יִשְׂרָאֵ֔לyisraelIsraelH3478וַיַּשְׁלִ֥מוּvaiyashlimuand they made peaceH7999אֶת־ʾet-withH854יִשְׂרָאֵ֖לyisraelIsraelH3478וַיַּֽעַבְד֑וּםvaiyaavdumand they served themH5647וַיִּֽרְא֣וּvaiyiruand they were afraidH3372אֲרָ֔םʾaramAramH758לְהוֹשִׁ֥יעַlehoshia'to deliverH3467ע֖וֹדodagainH5750אֶת־ʾet-<obj.>H853בְּנֵ֥יbenei[the] people ofH1121עַמּֽוֹן׃ פamonAmmonH5983