1 Samuelchapter 24
22 verses · BSB1 Samuel book hub →
David Shows Saul How He Spared His Life, Gustave Doré, Doré's English Bible (1866), public domain
Original Language
1 Samuel 24— Hebrew word study · with the Hebrew tradition
How to read a word below: the Hebrewword, then how it sounds, then what it means, then its number in Strong’s concordance, a widely used lookup this site follows (H for Hebrew and Aramaic, G for Greek). Square brackets hold a word the English supplies that the Hebrew does not, angle brackets mark the Hebrew’s own grammatical elements that English renders as separate words, and the mark ס or פ is where the Hebrew manuscripts end a paragraph.
A cave at En-gedi and a skirt cut off in the dark1
1 Samuel 24:1· Hebrew and glosses: STEP Bible
וַיְהִ֗יvayhiand it wasH1961כַּֽאֲשֶׁר֙kaasherjust whenH834שָׁ֣בshavhe returnedH7725שָׁא֔וּלshaulSaulH7586מֵאַחֲרֵ֖יmeachareifrom afterH310פְּלִשְׁתִּ֑יםpelishtim[the] PhilistinesH6430וַיַּגִּ֤דוּvaiyagiduand people toldH5046לוֹ֙loto <the> himלֵאמֹ֔רlemor<to> sayingH559הִנֵּ֣הhinehthere!H2009דָוִ֔דdavidDavidH1732בְּמִדְבַּ֖רbemidbar[is] in [the] wilderness ofH4057עֵ֥יןʾeinEnH5872גֶּֽדִי׃ סgediGediH5872
Targum Jonathan on I Samuel 24:1
And David went up from there and dwelt in the stronghold of En gedi.
Read it in full at Sefaria · The Targum of Samuel; trans. E. van Staalduine-Sulman. Leiden: Brill, 2002
1 Samuel 24:2· Hebrew and glosses: STEP Bible
וַיִּקַּ֣חvaiyikachand he tookH3947שָׁא֗וּלshaulSaulH7586שְׁלֹ֧שֶׁתsheloshetthreeH7969אֲלָפִ֛יםʾalafimthousand<s>H505אִ֥ישׁʾishmanH376בָּח֖וּרbachurchosenH977מִכָּל־mikolfrom allH3605יִשְׂרָאֵ֑לyisraelIsraelH3478וַיֵּ֗לֶךְvaiyelekhand he wentH1980לְבַקֵּ֤שׁlevakeshto seekH1245אֶת־ʾet-<obj.>H853דָּוִד֙davidDavidH1732וַֽאֲנָשָׁ֔יוvaanashavand men hisH582עַל־ʾal-onH5921פְּנֵ֖יpenei[the] face ofH6440צוּרֵ֥יtzurei[the] rocks ofH6697הַיְּעֵלִֽים׃haiyeelimthe mountain goatsH3277
1 Samuel 24:3· Hebrew and glosses: STEP Bible
וַ֠יָּבֹאvaiyavo'and he cameH935אֶל־ʾel-toH413גִּדְר֨וֹתgidrot[the] folds ofH1448הַצֹּ֤אןhatzonthe sheepH6629עַל־ʾal-onH5921הַדֶּ֙רֶךְ֙haderekhthe wayH1870וְשָׁ֣םveshamand [was] thereH8033מְעָרָ֔הmearaha caveH4631וַיָּבֹ֥אvaiyavo'and he wentH935שָׁא֖וּלshaulSaulH7586לְהָסֵ֣ךְlehasekhto coverH5526אֶת־ʾet-<obj.>H853רַגְלָ֑יוraglavfeet hisH7272וְדָוִד֙vedavidand DavidH1732וַאֲנָשָׁ֔יוvaanashavand men hisH582בְּיַרְכְּתֵ֥יbeyarketeiin [the] innermost parts ofH3411הַמְּעָרָ֖הhamearahthe caveH4631יֹשְׁבִֽים׃yoshevim[were] sittingH3427
1 Samuel 24:4· Hebrew and glosses: STEP Bible
וַיֹּאמְרוּ֩vaiyomeruand they saidH559אַנְשֵׁ֨יʾanshei[the] men ofH582דָוִ֜דdavidDavidH1732אֵלָ֗יוʾelavto himH413הִנֵּ֨הhinehhere!H2009הַיּ֜וֹםhaiyomthe dayH3117אֲֽשֶׁר־ʾasher-whichH834אָמַ֧רʾamarhe saidH559יְהוָ֣הyahwehYahwehH3068אֵלֶ֗יךָʾeleikhato youH413הִנֵּ֨הhinehhere!H2009אָנֹכִ֜יʾanokhiIH595נֹתֵ֤ןnoten[am] about to giveH5414אֶת־ʾet-<obj.>H853אֹֽיִבְךָ֙ʾoyeveikhaenemy yourH341בְּיָדֶ֔ךָbeyadekhain hand yourH3027וְעָשִׂ֣יתָveasitaand you will doH6213לּ֔וֹloto <the> himכַּאֲשֶׁ֖רkaasherjust asH834יִטַ֣בyitavit will be goodH3190בְּעֵינֶ֑יךָbeeineikhain view yourH5869וַיָּ֣קָםvaiyakomand he aroseH6965דָּוִ֗דdavidDavidH1732וַיִּכְרֹ֛תvaiyikhrotand he cut offH3772אֶת־ʾet-<obj.>H853כְּנַֽף־kenaf-[the] skirt ofH3671הַמְּעִ֥ילhameilthe robeH4598אֲשֶׁר־ʾasher-whichH834לְשָׁא֖וּלleshaul[belonged] to SaulH7586בַּלָּֽט׃balatin <the> secrecyH3909
1 Samuel 24:5· Hebrew and glosses: STEP Bible
וַֽיְהִי֙vayhiand it wasH1961אַֽחֲרֵי־ʾacharei-afterH310כֵ֔ןkhenthusH3651וַיַּ֥ךְvaiyakhand it struckH5221לֵב־lev-[the] heart ofH3820דָּוִ֖דdavidDavidH1732אֹת֑וֹʾoto<obj.> himH853עַ֚לʾalonH5921אֲשֶׁ֣רʾasherthatH834כָּרַ֔תkarathe had cut offH3772אֶת־ʾet-<obj.>H853כָּנָ֖ףkanaf[the] skirtH3671אֲשֶׁ֥רʾasherwhichH834לְשָׁאֽוּל׃ סleshaul[belonged] to SaulH7586
1 Samuel 24:6· Hebrew and glosses: STEP Bible
וַיֹּ֨אמֶרvaiyomerand he saidH559לַאֲנָשָׁ֜יוlaanashavto men hisH582חָלִ֧ילָהchalilahfar be itH2486לִּ֣יlito <the> meמֵֽיהוָ֗הmeyahwehfrom YahwehH3068אִם־ʾim-ifH518אֶעֱשֶׂה֩ʾeesehI will doH6213אֶת־ʾet-<obj.>H853הַדָּבָ֨רhadavarthe thingH1697הַזֶּ֤הhazeh<the> thisH2088לַֽאדֹנִי֙ladonito lord myH113לִמְשִׁ֣יחַlimshiachto [the] [one] anointed ofH4899יְהוָ֔הyahwehYahwehH3068לִשְׁלֹ֥חַlishloachby stretching outH7971יָדִ֖יyadihand myH3027בּ֑וֹboon <the> himכִּֽי־ki-forH3588מְשִׁ֥יחַmeshiach[is] [the] [one] anointed ofH4899יְהוָ֖הyahwehYahwehH3068הֽוּא׃hu'heH1931
1 Samuel 24:7· Hebrew and glosses: STEP Bible
וַיְשַׁסַּ֨עvayshasa'and he reprimandedH8156דָּוִ֤דdavidDavidH1732אֶת־ʾet-<obj.>H853אֲנָשָׁיו֙ʾanashavmen hisH582בַּדְּבָרִ֔יםbadevarimby the wordsH1697וְלֹ֥אvelo'and notH3808נְתָנָ֖םnetanamhe permitted themH5414לָק֣וּםlakumto rise upH6965אֶל־ʾel-againstH413שָׁא֑וּלshaulSaulH7586וְשָׁא֛וּלveshauland SaulH7586קָ֥םkamhe aroseH6965מֵהַמְּעָרָ֖הmehamearahfrom the caveH4631וַיֵּ֥לֶךְvaiyelekhand he wentH1980בַּדָּֽרֶךְ׃ סbadarekhon the wayH1870
After whom is the king come out? A dead dog, a flea8
1 Samuel 24:8· Hebrew and glosses: STEP Bible
וַיָּ֨קָםvaiyakomand he aroseH6965דָּוִ֜דdavidDavidH1732אַחֲרֵי־ʾacharei-afterH310כֵ֗ןkhenthusH3651וַיֵּצֵא֙vaiyetze'and he went outH3318מֵֽהַמְּעָרָ֔הmehamearahfrom the caveH4631וַיִּקְרָ֧אvaiyikra'and he called outH7121אַֽחֲרֵי־ʾacharei-afterH310שָׁא֛וּלshaulSaulH7586לֵאמֹ֖רlemor<to> sayingH559אֲדֹנִ֣יʾadoniO lord myH113הַמֶּ֑לֶךְhamelekhthe kingH4428וַיַּבֵּ֤טvaiyabetand he lookedH5027שָׁאוּל֙shaulSaulH7586אַֽחֲרָ֔יוʾacharavbehind himH310וַיִּקֹּ֨דvaiyikodand he bowed lowH6915דָּוִ֥דdavidDavidH1732אַפַּ֛יִםʾapayimfaceH639אַ֖רְצָהʾartzah[the] ground towardsH776וַיִּשְׁתָּֽחוּ׃ סvaiyishtachuand he bowed downH7812
1 Samuel 24:9· Hebrew and glosses: STEP Bible
וַיֹּ֤אמֶרvaiyomerand he saidH559דָּוִד֙davidDavidH1732לְשָׁא֔וּלleshaulto SaulH7586לָ֧מָּהlamah<to> why?H4100תִשְׁמַ֛עtishma'do you listen toH8085אֶת־ʾet-<obj.>H853דִּבְרֵ֥יdivrei[the] words ofH1697אָדָ֖םʾadamsomeoneH120לֵאמֹ֑רlemor<to> sayingH559הִנֵּ֣הhinehthere!H2009דָוִ֔דdavidDavidH1732מְבַקֵּ֖שׁmevakesh[is] seekingH1245רָעָתֶֽךָ׃raatekhaharm yourH7451
1 Samuel 24:10· Hebrew and glosses: STEP Bible
הִנֵּה֩hinehhere!H2009הַיּ֨וֹםhaiyomthe dayH3117הַזֶּ֜הhazeh<the> thisH2088רָא֣וּrauthey have seenH7200עֵינֶ֗יךָʾeineikhaeyes yourH5869אֵ֣תʾet<obj.>H853אֲשֶׁר־ʾasher-this:H834נְתָנְךָ֩netanekhahe gave youH5414יְהוָ֨ה׀yahwehYahwehH3068הַיּ֤וֹם׀haiyomthis dayH3117בְּיָדִי֙beyadiin hand myH3027בַּמְּעָרָ֔הbamearahin the caveH4631וְאָמַ֥רveamarand someone saidH559לַהֲרָגֲךָ֖laharagakhato kill youH2026וַתָּ֣חָסvatachosand it looked with compassionH2347עָלֶ֑יךָʾaleikhaon youH5921וָאֹמַ֗רvaomarand I saidH559לֹא־lo'-notH3808אֶשְׁלַ֤חʾeshlachI will stretch outH7971יָדִי֙yadihand myH3027בַּֽאדֹנִ֔יbadonion lord myH113כִּי־ki-forH3588מְשִׁ֥יחַmeshiach[is] [the] [one] anointed ofH4899יְהוָ֖הyahwehYahwehH3068הֽוּא׃hu'heH1931
Rashi on I Samuel 24:10
Why do you listen. Why do you accept Do'eg's slander concerning me? 4 Rashi states that Dovid was alluding to Do’eg because Dovid said ‘why do you listen to the man [ אָדָם ]’, in the singular, referring to one individual person.
Read it in full at Sefaria · The Metsudah Tanach series, Lakewood, N.J
1 Samuel 24:11· Hebrew and glosses: STEP Bible
וְאָבִ֣יveaviand O father myH1רְאֵ֔הreehseeH7200גַּ֗םgamalsoH1571רְאֵ֛הreehseeH7200אֶת־ʾet-<obj.>H853כְּנַ֥ףkenaf[the] skirt ofH3671מְעִילְךָ֖meilekharobe yourH4598בְּיָדִ֑יbeyadiin hand myH3027כִּ֡יkiforH3588בְּכָרְתִי֩bekharetiwhen cut off IH3772אֶת־ʾet-<obj.>H853כְּנַ֨ףkenaf[the] skirt ofH3671מְעִֽילְךָ֜meilekharobe yourH4598וְלֹ֣אvelo'and notH3808הֲרַגְתִּ֗יךָharagtikhaI killed youH2026דַּ֤עda'knowH3045וּרְאֵה֙ureehand seeH7200כִּי֩kithatH3588אֵ֨יןʾeinthere notH369בְּיָדִ֜יbeyadiin hand myH3027רָעָ֤הraah[is] evilH7451וָפֶ֙שַׁע֙vafesha'and transgressionH6588וְלֹא־velo'-and notH3808חָטָ֣אתִיchatatiI have sinnedH2398לָ֔ךְlakhto <the> youוְאַתָּ֛הveatahand youH859צֹדֶ֥הtzodeh[are] lying in wait forH6658אֶת־ʾet-<obj.>H853נַפְשִׁ֖יnafshilife myH5315לְקַחְתָּֽהּ׃lekachtahto take itH3947
1 Samuel 24:12· Hebrew and glosses: STEP Bible
יִשְׁפֹּ֤טyishpotmay he judgeH8199יְהוָה֙yahwehYahwehH3068בֵּינִ֣יbeinibetween meH996וּבֵינֶ֔ךָuveinekhaand between youH996וּנְקָמַ֥נִיunekamaniand he will avenge meH5358יְהוָ֖הyahwehYahwehH3068מִמֶּ֑ךָּmimekafrom youH4480וְיָדִ֖יveyadiand hand myH3027לֹ֥אlo'notH3808תִֽהְיֶה־tihyeh-it will beH1961בָּֽךְ׃bakhon <the> you
Rashi on I Samuel 24:12
My father, indeed see. Meaning, pay attention to the matter, and also see the evidence, for the corner of your robe is in my hand, and I could have killed you. 6 As easily as having cut off the corner of your robe.
Read it in full at Sefaria · The Metsudah Tanach series, Lakewood, N.J
1 Samuel 24:13· Hebrew and glosses: STEP Bible
כַּאֲשֶׁ֣רkaasherjust asH834יֹאמַ֗רyomarit saysH559מְשַׁל֙meshal[the] proverb ofH4912הַקַּדְמֹנִ֔יhakadmonithe ancient[s]H6931מֵרְשָׁעִ֖יםmereshaimfrom wicked [people]H7563יֵ֣צֵאyetze'it comes forthH3318רֶ֑שַׁעresha'wickednessH7562וְיָדִ֖יveyadiand hand myH3027לֹ֥אlo'notH3808תִֽהְיֶה־tihyeh-it will beH1961בָּֽךְ׃bakhon <the> you
1 Samuel 24:14· Hebrew and glosses: STEP Bible
אַחֲרֵ֨יʾachareiafterH310מִ֤יmiwhom?H4310יָצָא֙yatza'has he come outH3318מֶ֣לֶךְmelekh[the] king ofH4428יִשְׂרָאֵ֔לyisraelIsraelH3478אַחֲרֵ֥יʾachareiafterH310מִ֖יmiwhom?H4310אַתָּ֣הʾatah[are] youH859רֹדֵ֑ףrodefpursuingH7291אַֽחֲרֵי֙ʾachareiafterH310כֶּ֣לֶבkeleva dogH3611מֵ֔תmetdeadH4191אַחֲרֵ֖יʾachareiafterH310פַּרְעֹ֥שׁparosha fleaH6550אֶחָֽד׃ʾechadoneH259
Rashi on I Samuel 24:14
As the ancient proverb says. The proverb of the Ancient One of the world. It may also mean ‘old proverb’ or it may refer to a ‘Kadmonite proverb,’ a nation mentioned in Bereishis:19. [referring to] the Torah, which is the proverb of the Holy One, Blessed is He.
Read it in full at Sefaria · The Metsudah Tanach series, Lakewood, N.J
1 Samuel 24:15· Hebrew and glosses: STEP Bible
וְהָיָ֤הvehayahand he will becomeH1961יְהוָה֙yahwehYahwehH3068לְדַיָּ֔ןledaiyan<into> a judgeH1781וְשָׁפַ֖טveshafatand he will judgeH8199בֵּינִ֣יbeinibetween meH996וּבֵינֶ֑ךָuveinekhaand between youH996וְיֵ֙רֶא֙veyere'and may he seeH7200וְיָרֵ֣בveyarevand may he conductH7378אֶת־ʾet-<obj.>H853רִיבִ֔יrivicase myH7379וְיִשְׁפְּטֵ֖נִיveyishpeteniand may he vindicate meH8199מִיָּדֶֽךָ׃ פmiyadekhafrom hand yourH3027
Saul weeps: thou art more righteous than I16
1 Samuel 24:16· Hebrew and glosses: STEP Bible
וַיְהִ֣י׀vayhiand it wasH1961כְּכַלּ֣וֹתkekhalotwhen finishedH3615דָּוִ֗דdavidDavidH1732לְדַבֵּ֞רledaberto speakH1696אֶת־ʾet-<obj.>H853הַדְּבָרִ֤יםhadevarimthe wordsH1697הָאֵ֙לֶּה֙haeleh<the> theseH428אֶל־ʾel-toH413שָׁא֔וּלshaulSaulH7586וַיֹּ֣אמֶרvaiyomerand he saidH559שָׁא֔וּלshaulSaulH7586הֲקֹלְךָ֥hakolecha¿ voice yourH6963זֶ֖הzeh[is] thisH2088בְּנִ֣יbeniO son myH1121דָוִ֑דdavidDavidH1732וַיִּשָּׂ֥אvaiyisa'and he lifted upH5375שָׁא֛וּלshaulSaulH7586קֹל֖וֹkolovoice hisH6963וַיֵּֽבְךְּ׃vaiyevekand he weptH1058
1 Samuel 24:17· Hebrew and glosses: STEP Bible
וַיֹּ֙אמֶר֙vaiyomerand he saidH559אֶל־ʾel-toH413דָּוִ֔דdavidDavidH1732צַדִּ֥יקtzadik[are] righteousH6662אַתָּ֖הʾatahyouH859מִמֶּ֑נִּיmimenimore than IH4480כִּ֤יkiforH3588אַתָּה֙ʾatahyouH859גְּמַלְתַּ֣נִיgemaltaniyou have dealt out to meH1580הַטּוֹבָ֔הhatovah<the> goodH2896וַאֲנִ֖יvaaniand IH589גְּמַלְתִּ֥יךָgemaltikhaI have dealt out to youH1580הָרָעָֽה׃haraah<the> evilH7451
1 Samuel 24:18· Hebrew and glosses: STEP Bible
וְאַתָּה֙veatand youH859הִגַּ֣דְתָּhigadtayou have toldH5046הַיּ֔וֹםhaiyomthis dayH3117אֵ֛תʾet<obj.>H853אֲשֶׁר־ʾasher-this:H834עָשִׂ֥יתָהʾasitahyou have doneH6213אִתִּ֖יʾitiwith meH854טוֹבָ֑הtovahgoodH2896אֵת֩ʾet<obj.>H853אֲשֶׁ֨רʾasher[and] this:H834סִגְּרַ֧נִיsigeranihe delivered up meH5462יְהוָ֛הyahwehYahwehH3068בְּיָדְךָ֖beyadekhain hand yourH3027וְלֹ֥אvelo'and notH3808הֲרַגְתָּֽנִי׃haragtaniyou killed meH2026
1 Samuel 24:19· Hebrew and glosses: STEP Bible
וְכִֽי־vekhi-and ifH3588יִמְצָ֥אyimtza'he will findH4672אִישׁ֙ʾishanyoneH376אֶת־ʾet-<obj.>H853אֹ֣יְב֔וֹʾoyevoenemy hisH341וְשִׁלְּח֖וֹveshilechoand will he send away? himH7971בְּדֶ֣רֶךְbederekhon a journeyH1870טוֹבָ֑הtovahgoodH2896וַֽיהוָה֙vayahwehand YahwehH3068יְשַׁלֶּמְךָ֣yeshalemkhamay he reward youH7999טוֹבָ֔הtovahgoodH2896תַּ֚חַתtachatin place ofH8478הַיּ֣וֹםhaiyomthe dayH3117הַזֶּ֔הhazeh<the> thisH2088אֲשֶׁ֥רʾasher[that] whichH834עָשִׂ֖יתָהʾasitahyou have doneH6213לִֽי׃lito <the> me
1 Samuel 24:20· Hebrew and glosses: STEP Bible
וְעַתָּה֙veatahand thereforeH6258הִנֵּ֣הhinehhere!H2009יָדַ֔עְתִּיyada'tiI knowH3045כִּ֥יkithatH3588מָלֹ֖ךְmalokhcertainly <to reign>H4427תִּמְל֑וֹךְtimlokhyou will reignH4427וְקָ֙מָה֙vekamahand it will be establishedH6965בְּיָ֣דְךָ֔beyadekhain hand yourH3027מַמְלֶ֖כֶתmamlekhet[the] kingdom ofH4467יִשְׂרָאֵֽל׃yisraelIsraelH3478
1 Samuel 24:21· Hebrew and glosses: STEP Bible
וְעַתָּ֗הveatahand thereforeH6258הִשָּׁ֤בְעָהhishaveahswear an oath !H7650לִּי֙lito <the> meבַּֽיהוָ֔הbayahwehby YahwehH3068אִם־ʾim-ifH518תַּכְרִ֥יתtakhrityou will cut offH3772אֶת־ʾet-<obj.>H853זַרְעִ֖יzarioffspring myH2233אַֽחֲרָ֑יʾacharaiafter meH310וְאִם־veim-and ifH518תַּשְׁמִ֥ידtashmidyou will destroyH8045אֶת־ʾet-<obj.>H853שְׁמִ֖יsheminame myH8034מִבֵּ֥יתmibeitfrom [the] house ofH1004אָבִֽי׃ʾavifather myH1
1 Samuel 24:22· Hebrew and glosses: STEP Bible
וַיִּשָּׁבַ֥עvaiyishava'and he swore an oathH7650דָּוִ֖דdavidDavidH1732לְשָׁא֑וּלleshaulto SaulH7586וַיֵּ֤לֶךְvaiyelekhand he wentH1980שָׁאוּל֙shaulSaulH7586אֶל־ʾel-toH413בֵּית֔וֹbeitohouse hisH1004וְדָוִד֙vedavidand DavidH1732וַֽאֲנָשָׁ֔יוvaanashavand men hisH582עָל֖וּʾaluthey went upH5927עַל־ʾal-toH5921הַמְּצוּדָֽה׃ פhametzudahthe strongholdH4686