Mark 4:27
in Mark 4Night and day he sleeps and wakes, and the seed sprouts and grows, though he knows not how.
BSB
The same verse in ASV and KJV ▾
ASV
and should sleep and rise night and day, and the seed should spring up and grow, he knoweth not how.
KJV
And should sleep, and rise night and day, and the seed should spring and grow up, he knoweth not how.
⋯
This verse in Mark 4
Commentary
16 notes on this verse(in Ezech. 2. Hom. 3) Or else; Man casts seed into the ground, when he places a good intention in his heart; and he sleeps, when he already rests in the hope which attends on a good work. But he rises night and day, because he advances amidst prosperity and adversity, though he knows it not, for he is as yet unable to measure his increase, and yet virtue, once conceived, goes on increasing. When therefore we conceive good desires, we put seed into the ground; when we begin to work rightly, we are the blade.
This site's exposition
a man who scatters seed on the ground
on Mark 4:26-29
This parable of the growing seed appears in Mark alone, and its point lies in the man's ignorance. In it the seed sprouts and grows, though he knows not how, a process he can neither hurry nor explain.
This site's exposition
though he knows not how
Albert Barnes explains the phrase as the farmer's ordinary round of sleeping by night and rising by day. The picture leaves room for diligence. Its point, Barnes says, is that the growth of faith is as hidden as the growth of grain.
The record, by era
The Church Fathers1 voice
(Vict. Ant. e Cat. in Marc.) Or Christ Himself is the man who rises, for He sat waiting with patience, that they who received seed should bear fruit. He rises, that is, by the word of His love, He makes us grow to the bringing forth fruit, by the armour of righteousness on the right hand, by which is meant the day, and on the left, by which is meant the night of persecution; for by these the seed springs up, and does not wither. (2 Cor. 6:7) (Vict. Ant. e Cat. in Marc.)
The Medieval Church4 voices
For the seed is the word of life, the ground is the human heart, and the sleep of the man means the death of the Saviour. The seed springs up night and day, because after the sleep of Christ, the number of Christians, through calamity and prosperity, continued to flourish more and more in faith, and to wax greater in deed. But when He says, He knoweth not how, He is speaking in a figure; that is, He does not make known to us, who amongst us will produce fruit unto the end.
And he said to them: Such is the kingdom of God, as if a man casts seed upon the earth and sleeps; and rises night and day, and the seed sprouts and grows while he does not know it. For the earth produces fruit by …
Having cast it, He "sleeps," that is, He ascended into the heavens; nevertheless, He also "rises night and day." For although God apparently sleeps, that is, is longsuffering, He rises: He rises at night when through temptations He rouses us to the knowledge of Him; …
Or else Christ sleeps, that is, ascends into heaven, where, though He seem to sleep, yet He rises by night, when through temptations He raises us up to the knowledge of Himself; and in the day time, when on account of our prayers, He sets in order our salvation.
8 more voices on this verse
The Puritans and the Awakening2 voices
Thus the word of grace, when it is received in faith, is in the heart a work of grace, and the preachers contribute nothing to it. The Spirit of God is carrying it on when they sleep, and can do no business ( Job xxxiii.
quarantine:debris (2026-07-29) — unbalanced-parens
And should sleep,....
The Nineteenth Century6 voices
A commentator
Albert Barnes1798–1870
Notes, Explanatory and Practical, on the Old and New Testaments (1832-1869)
And should sleep, and rise night and day - Should sleep in the night and rise by day, for so the expression is to be understood. That is, should live in his usual way, without exerting any influence over the growing grain. By this we are not to infer that men are to use no diligence in the obtaining and in the growth of piety; but the illustration shows only that as we cannot tell how grain grows, so we cannot tell the mode in which piety increases in the heart. He knoweth not how - This is still true.
A commentator
J.C. Ryle1816–1900
Expository Thoughts on the Gospels: Mark (lightly modernized text, Grace Gems edition) (1857)
The parable contained in these verses is short, and only recorded in Mark's Gospel. But it is one that ought to be deeply interesting to all who have reason to hope that they are true Christians. It sets before us the history of the work of grace in an individual soul. It summons us to an examination of our own experience in divine things. There are some expressions in the parable which we must not press too far. Such are the "sleeping and rising" of the farmer, and the "night and day."
A commentator
J.C. Ryle1816–1900
Expository Thoughts on the Gospels: Mark (lightly modernized text, Grace Gems edition) (1857)
proposed
The parable contained in these verses is short, and only recorded in Mark's Gospel. But it is one that ought to be deeply interesting to all who have reason to hope that they are true Christians. It sets before us the history of the work of grace in an individual soul. It summons us to an examination of our own experience in divine things. There are some expressions in the parable which we must not press too far. Such are the "sleeping and rising" of the farmer, and the "night and day." In this, as in many of our Lord's parables, WE MUST CAREFULLY KEEP IN VIEW THE MAIN SCOPE AND OBJECT OF THE WHOLE STORY, AND NOT LAY TOO MUCH STRESS ON LESSER POINTS. In the case before us the main thing taught is the close resemblance between some familiar operations in the culture of grain, and the work of grace in the heart. To this let us rigidly confine our attention. We are taught, firstly, that, as in the growth of grain, so in the work of grace, there must be a sower . The earth, as we all know, never brings forth grain of itself. It is a mother of weeds, but not of wheat. The hand of man must plough it, and scatter the seed, or else there would never be a harvest. The heart of man, in like manner, will never of itself turn to God, repent, believe, and obey. It is utterly barren of grace. It is entirely dead towards God, and unable to give itself spiritual life. The Son of man must break it up by His Spirit, and give it a new nature. He must scatter over it by the hand of his laboring ministers the good seed of the word. Let us mark this truth well. Grace in the heart of man is an exotic. It is a new principle from outside, sent down from heaven and implanted in his soul. Left to himself, no man living would ever seek God. And yet in communicating grace, God ordinarily works by means.
LAST Lord's-Day morning our subject was the laborers upon God's farm and their great Master. And then we tried to show how far human agency was necessary in the work of the Gospel. We also saw how thoroughly all holy results depend upon God, for neither he that sows nor he that waters is anything, but God who gives the increase. We have much the same subject this morning, only it goes a little deeper and yet more fully shows how far the laborer can go and how far he cannot go—where man may enter with holy industry—and where no human work can possibly intrude. Our subject on this occasion will mainly be the measure and limit of human instrumentality in the Kingdom of Grace. If we shall be taught of the Spirit of God, we shall find this Scripture to be full of instruction upon the matter. It is remarkable that the parable before us is peculiar to Mark. No other Evangelist has recorded it, but we do not think any the less of it on that account. If it had been told to us four times, we should have been glad to hear the repetition and would have given it fourfold attention. As it is told us but once, we will give the more earnest heed to a voice which speaks once and for all. We are glad that the Holy Spirit led Mark to reserve this pearl out of the many excellent things which our Lord said which have been lost. John tells us that if a record of all the works which Jesus did could have been preserved, they would have made a library so large that scarcely the world, itself, could have contained all the books. Many of the things that Jesus said floated about, no doubt, for a time and were gradually forgotten. We have to be thankful to the Spirit of God for perpetuating this choice similitude by the hand of His servant Mark. Preserved in the amber of Inspiration, this choice instruction is of priceless value. Here is a lesson for sowers—for the laborers upon the farm of God.
LAST Lord's-Day morning our subject was the laborers upon God's farm and their great Master. And then we tried to show how far human agency was necessary in the work of the Gospel. We also saw how thoroughly all holy results depend upon God, for neither he that sows nor he that waters is anything, but God who gives the increase.
And should sleep and rise night and day - That is, he should sleep by night, and rise by day; for so the words are obviously to be understood. He knoweth not how - How a plant grows is a mystery in nature, which the wisest philosopher in the universe cannot fully explain.
The words behind it
17 Greek wordsEvery Greek word of this verse in the order it stands, with what it means and the door to its own study. The last column counts the times a word stands in the whole Bible: the rarer the word, the more the places it appears belong together.
| Greek | Sound | Meaning | Word study | In the Bible |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| καὶ | kai | and | G2532 → | 9120 times |
| καθεύδῃ | katheude | he may sleep | G2518 → | 22 times |
| καὶ | kai | and | G2532 → | 9120 times |
| ἐγείρηται | egeiretai | he may be risen | G1453 → | 142 times |
| νύκτα | nukta | night | G3571 → | 61 times |
| καὶ | kai | and | G2532 → | 9120 times |
| ἡμέραν, | hemeran | day, | G2250 → | 389 times |
| καὶ | kai | and | G2532 → | 9120 times |
| ὁ | ho | the | G3588 → | 19766 times |
| σπόρος | sporos | seed | G4703 → | |
| βλαστᾷ | blasta | may sprout | G985 → | |
| καὶ | kai | and | G2532 → | 9120 times |
| μηκύνηται | mekunetai | it may grow | G3373 → | |
| ὡς | hos | how | G5613 → | 500 times |
| οὐκ | ouk | not | G3756 → | 1664 times |
| οἶδεν | oiden | knows | ||
| αὐτός. | autos | he himself. | G846 → | 5565 times |
καὶand
kaiG2532 →9120 times
καθεύδῃhe may sleep
katheudeG2518 →22 times
καὶand
kaiG2532 →9120 times
ἐγείρηταιhe may be risen
egeiretaiG1453 →142 times
νύκταnight
nuktaG3571 →61 times
καὶand
kaiG2532 →9120 times
ἡμέραν,day,
hemeranG2250 →389 times
καὶand
kaiG2532 →9120 times
ὁthe
hoG3588 →19766 times
σπόροςseed
sporosG4703 →
βλαστᾷmay sprout
blastaG985 →
καὶand
kaiG2532 →9120 times
μηκύνηταιit may grow
mekunetaiG3373 →
ὡςhow
hosG5613 →500 times
οὐκnot
oukG3756 →1664 times
οἶδενknows
oiden
αὐτός.he himself.
autosG846 →5565 times
A shaded row is a word that stands 400 times or fewer in the Bible.
The walk
8 stopsEach card is a verse this one points to, and under it the verses that one points to in turn. Where several paths arrive at the same place, that place is listed first: the text keeps returning to it.
Through
2 Peter 3:18But grow in the grace and knowledge of our Lord and Savior Jesus Christ. To Him be the glory both now and to the day of eternity. Amen.
it leads to
- Colossians 1:10
so that you may walk in a manner worthy of the Lord and may please Him in every way: bearing fruit in every good work, growing in the knowledge of God,
- Ephesians 4:15
Instead, speaking the truth in love, we will in all things grow up into Christ Himself, who is the head.
- 1 Peter 2:2
Like newborn babies, crave pure spiritual milk, so that by it you may grow up in your salvation,
- Colossians 3:10
and have put on the new self, which is being renewed in knowledge in the image of its Creator.
- Philippians 3:8
More than that, I count all things as loss compared to the surpassing excellence of knowing Christ Jesus my Lord, for whom I have lost all things. I consider them rubbish, that I may…
- Colossians 1:10
Through
Ecclesiastes 11:5As you do not know the path of the wind, or how the bones are formed in a mother’s womb, so you cannot understand the work of God, the Maker of all things.
it leads to
- Romans 11:33
O, the depth of the riches of the wisdom and knowledge of God! How unsearchable are His judgments, and untraceable His ways!
Reached by 2 separate paths from here.
- Isaiah 40:28
Do you not know? Have you not heard? The LORD is the everlasting God, the Creator of the ends of the earth. He will not grow tired or weary; His understanding is beyond searching…
Reached by 2 separate paths from here.
- John 3:8
The wind blows where it wishes. You hear its sound, but you do not know where it comes from or where it is going. So it is with everyone born of the Spirit.”
- Romans 11:33
Where this verse is studied
About Mark

This page draws on 13 works. Open the list of works
This page draws on Adam Clarke, Commentary on the Bible; Albert Barnes, Notes, Explanatory and Practical, on the Old and New Testaments (1832-1869); Alexander Maclaren, Expositions of Holy Scripture, Mark; Bede, On the Gospel of Mark; Charles Spurgeon, The Metropolitan Tabernacle Pulpit, Sermon No. 1603: “What the Farm Laborers Can Do and What They Cannot Do” (lightly modernized text, CCEL edition); Gregory the Dialogist, Catena Aurea by Aquinas; J.C. Ryle, Expository Thoughts on the Gospels: Mark (lightly modernized text, Grace Gems edition); John Gill, Exposition of the New Testament (1746-1748); Matthew Henry, Commentary on the Whole Bible; Pseudo-Chrysostom, Catena Aurea by Aquinas; Pseudo-Jerome, Catena Aurea by Aquinas; Theophylact of Ohrid, Commentary on Mark and Theophylact of Ohrid, Catena Aurea by Aquinas.
