Judges 20:39
in Judges 20the men of Israel would turn in the battle. When the Benjamites had begun to strike them down, killing about thirty men of Israel, they said, “They are defeated before us as in the first battle.”
BSB
The same verse in ASV and KJV ▾
ASV
And the men of Israel turned in the battle, and Benjamin began to smite and kill of the men of Israel about thirty persons; for they said, Surely they are smitten down before us, as in the first battle.
KJV
And when the men of Israel retired in the battle, Benjamin began to smite and kill of the men of Israel about thirty persons: for they said, Surely they are smitten down before us, as in the first battle.
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This verse in Judges 20
Commentary
8 notes on this verseThis site's exposition
the men of Israel would turn in the battle
on Judges 20:39-41
Verse 40 echoes Joshua 8:20, where the men of Ai looked back and saw the smoke of their city rising. Benjamin likewise “looked behind them and saw the whole city going up in smoke”. Verse 41 says they “realized that disaster had come upon them”, answering verse 34.
The record, by era
The Church Fathers2 voices
The war remained doubtful with an uncertain issue, but in the third engagement the people of Benjamin were delivered to the people of Israel, and being condemned by the divine judgment [they] paid the penalty for their widely immoral behavior.
Begging the Lord's peace, they returned more boldly to war, and they to whom prayer had given courage and who had entertained much hope were now able to do what they planned. On a pretext of withdrawing their front lines, setting ambushes at night in the rear of the city, where a segment of the enemy was located, they followed as some retired and thus were provided with an opportunity for invading the unprotected city. Fires were quickly set and flared up while raging flames and waves of heat revealed the sight of the taken city.
The Puritans and the Awakening3 voices
3 (Now the children of Benjamin heard that the children of Israel were gone up to Mizpeh.) Then said the children of Israel, Tell us, how was this wickedness? 4 And the Levite, the husband of the woman that was slain, answered and said, I came into Gibeah that belongeth to Benjamin, I and my concubine, to lodge.
quarantine:scripture (2026-07-29) — verbatim-scripture
Folly - That is, a lewd folly; most ignominious and impudent wickedness. Ye are - The sons of that holy man, who for one filthy action left an eternal brand upon one of his own sons: a people in covenant with the holy God, whose honour you are obliged to vindicate, and who hath expressly commanded you to punish all such notorious enormities.
And when the men of Israel retired in the battle,.... Which is before expressed by their fleeing, and giving place to the Benjaminites, and was only an artifice of theirs, to draw them off from the city: Benjamin began to smite and kill of the men of Israel about thirty persons; which was done in the highways leading to Shiloh and Gibeah in the field, Jdg 20:31. for they said, surely they are smitten down before us as in the first battle; when the greater number of the Israelites were slain by them.
2 more voices on this verse
The Puritans and the Awakening1 voice
Sometimes God suffers wicked men to be lifted up in successes and hopes, that their fall may be the sorer. See how short their joy is, and their triumphing but for a moment. Let not him that girdeth on the harness boast, except he has reason to boast in God. [2.] Evil was near them and they did not know it,
The Nineteenth Century1 voice
A commentator
Jamieson, Fausset & Brown1802–1910
Commentary Critical and Explanatory on the Whole Bible (1871)
proposed
And Israel set liers-in-wait round about Gibeah--A plan was formed of taking that city by stratagem, similar to that employed in the capture of Ai [Jos 8:9].
The words behind it
21 Hebrew wordsEvery Hebrew word of this verse in the order it stands, with what it means and the door to its own study. The last column counts the times a word stands in the whole Bible: the rarer the word, the more the places it appears belong together.
| Hebrew | Sound | Meaning | Word study | In the Bible |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| וַיַּהֲפֹ֥ךְ | vaiyahafokh | and he turned | H2015 → | 94 times |
| אִֽישׁ־ | ʾish- | [the] man of | H376 → | 1663 times |
| יִשְׂרָאֵ֖ל | yisrael | Israel | H3478 → | 2507 times |
| בַּמִּלְחָמָ֑ה | bamilchamah | in the battle | H4421 → | 320 times |
| וּבִנְיָמִ֡ן | uvinyamin | and Benjamin | H1144 → | 166 times |
| הֵחֵל֩ | hechel | it began | H2490 → | 143 times |
| לְהַכּ֨וֹת | lehakot | to strike down | H5221 → | 499 times |
| חֲלָלִ֤ים | chalalim | fatally wounded | H2491 → | 94 times |
| בְּאִֽישׁ־ | beish- | among [the] man of | H376 → | 1663 times |
| יִשְׂרָאֵל֙ | yisrael | Israel | H3478 → | 2507 times |
| כִּשְׁלֹשִׁ֣ים | kishloshim | about thirty | H7970 → | 172 times |
| אִ֔ישׁ | ʾish | man | H376 → | 1663 times |
| כִּ֣י | ki | for | H3588 → | 4482 times |
| אָמְר֔וּ | ʾameru | they said | H559 → | 5305 times |
| אַךְ֩ | ʾakh | surely | H389 → | 161 times |
| נִגּ֨וֹף | nigof | certainly <to defeated> | H5062 → | 49 times |
| נִגָּ֥ף | nigaf | [is] defeated | H5062 → | 49 times |
| הוּא֙ | hu' | it | H1931 → | 1879 times |
| לְפָנֵ֔ינוּ | lefaneinu | <to> before us | H6440 → | 2123 times |
| כַּמִּלְחָמָ֖ה | kamilchamah | like the battle | H4421 → | 320 times |
| הָרִאשֹׁנָֽה׃ | harishonah | <the> first | H7223 → | 182 times |
וַיַּהֲפֹ֥ךְand he turned
vaiyahafokhH2015 →94 times
אִֽישׁ־[the] man of
ʾish-H376 →1663 times
יִשְׂרָאֵ֖לIsrael
yisraelH3478 →2507 times
בַּמִּלְחָמָ֑הin the battle
bamilchamahH4421 →320 times
וּבִנְיָמִ֡ןand Benjamin
uvinyaminH1144 →166 times
הֵחֵל֩it began
hechelH2490 →143 times
לְהַכּ֨וֹתto strike down
lehakotH5221 →499 times
חֲלָלִ֤יםfatally wounded
chalalimH2491 →94 times
בְּאִֽישׁ־among [the] man of
beish-H376 →1663 times
יִשְׂרָאֵל֙Israel
yisraelH3478 →2507 times
כִּשְׁלֹשִׁ֣יםabout thirty
kishloshimH7970 →172 times
אִ֔ישׁman
ʾishH376 →1663 times
כִּ֣יfor
kiH3588 →4482 times
אָמְר֔וּthey said
ʾameruH559 →5305 times
אַךְ֩surely
ʾakhH389 →161 times
נִגּ֨וֹףcertainly <to defeated>
nigofH5062 →49 times
נִגָּ֥ף[is] defeated
nigafH5062 →49 times
הוּא֙it
hu'H1931 →1879 times
לְפָנֵ֔ינוּ<to> before us
lefaneinuH6440 →2123 times
כַּמִּלְחָמָ֖הlike the battle
kamilchamahH4421 →320 times
הָרִאשֹׁנָֽה׃<the> first
harishonahH7223 →182 times
A shaded row is a word that stands 400 times or fewer in the Bible.
The walk
1 stopEach card is a verse this one points to, and under it the verses that one points to in turn. Where several paths arrive at the same place, that place is listed first: the text keeps returning to it.
Through
Judges 20:32“We are defeating them as before,” said the Benjamites. But the Israelites said, “Let us retreat and draw them away from the city onto the roads.”
it leads to
- Joshua 8:15–16
Joshua and all Israel let themselves be beaten back before them, and they fled toward the wilderness.
- Joshua 8:15–16
Where this verse is studied
About Judges

This page draws on Albert Barnes, Notes on the Old Testament; Ambrose of Milan, On the Duties of the Clergy 3.19.115-16; Ambrose of Milan, LETTER 33; Jamieson, Fausset & Brown, Commentary Critical and Explanatory on the Whole Bible; John Gill, Exposition of the Old Testament (1748-1763); John Wesley, Explanatory Notes upon the Old Testament; Keil and Delitzsch, Biblical Commentary on the Old Testament: Joshua, Judges, Ruth and Matthew Henry, Commentary on the Whole Bible.
