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Judges 20:39

in Judges 20

the men of Israel would turn in the battle. When the Benjamites had begun to strike them down, killing about thirty men of Israel, they said, “They are defeated before us as in the first battle.”

BSB

The same verse in ASV and KJV ▾

ASV

And the men of Israel turned in the battle, and Benjamin began to smite and kill of the men of Israel about thirty persons; for they said, Surely they are smitten down before us, as in the first battle.

KJV

And when the men of Israel retired in the battle, Benjamin began to smite and kill of the men of Israel about thirty persons: for they said, Surely they are smitten down before us, as in the first battle.

This verse in Judges 20

Commentary

8 notes on this verse

This site's exposition

the men of Israel would turn in the battle

on Judges 20:39-41

Verse 40 echoes Joshua 8:20, where the men of Ai looked back and saw the smoke of their city rising. Benjamin likewise “looked behind them and saw the whole city going up in smoke”. Verse 41 says they “realized that disaster had come upon them”, answering verse 34.

The record, by era

The Church Fathers2 voices

A commentator

Ambrose of Milan

On the Duties of the Clergy 3.19.115-16 · Written before 397.

proposed

The war remained doubtful with an uncertain issue, but in the third engagement the people of Benjamin were delivered to the people of Israel, and being condemned by the divine judgment [they] paid the penalty for their widely immoral behavior.

A commentator

Ambrose of Milan

LETTER 33 · Written before 397.

proposed

Begging the Lord's peace, they returned more boldly to war, and they to whom prayer had given courage and who had entertained much hope were now able to do what they planned. On a pretext of withdrawing their front lines, setting ambushes at night in the rear of the city, where a segment of the enemy was located, they followed as some retired and thus were provided with an opportunity for invading the unprotected city. Fires were quickly set and flared up while raging flames and waves of heat revealed the sight of the taken city.

The Puritans and the Awakening3 voices

A commentator

Matthew Henry

1662–1714

Commentary on the Whole Bible (1710)

proposed

3 (Now the children of Benjamin heard that the children of Israel were gone up to Mizpeh.) Then said the children of Israel, Tell us, how was this wickedness? 4 And the Levite, the husband of the woman that was slain, answered and said, I came into Gibeah that belongeth to Benjamin, I and my concubine, to lodge.

quarantine:scripture (2026-07-29) — verbatim-scripture

A commentator

John Wesley

1703–1791

Explanatory Notes upon the Old Testament (1765)

proposed

Folly - That is, a lewd folly; most ignominious and impudent wickedness. Ye are - The sons of that holy man, who for one filthy action left an eternal brand upon one of his own sons: a people in covenant with the holy God, whose honour you are obliged to vindicate, and who hath expressly commanded you to punish all such notorious enormities.
And when the men of Israel retired in the battle,.... Which is before expressed by their fleeing, and giving place to the Benjaminites, and was only an artifice of theirs, to draw them off from the city: Benjamin began to smite and kill of the men of Israel about thirty persons; which was done in the highways leading to Shiloh and Gibeah in the field, Jdg 20:31. for they said, surely they are smitten down before us as in the first battle; when the greater number of the Israelites were slain by them.
2 more voices on this verse

The Puritans and the Awakening1 voice

A commentator

Matthew Henry

1662–1714

Commentary on the Whole Bible (1710)

proposed

Sometimes God suffers wicked men to be lifted up in successes and hopes, that their fall may be the sorer. See how short their joy is, and their triumphing but for a moment. Let not him that girdeth on the harness boast, except he has reason to boast in God. [2.] Evil was near them and they did not know it,

The Nineteenth Century1 voice

A commentator

Jamieson, Fausset & Brown

1802–1910

Commentary Critical and Explanatory on the Whole Bible (1871)

proposed

And Israel set liers-in-wait round about Gibeah--A plan was formed of taking that city by stratagem, similar to that employed in the capture of Ai [Jos 8:9].

The words behind it

21 Hebrew words

Every Hebrew word of this verse in the order it stands, with what it means and the door to its own study. The last column counts the times a word stands in the whole Bible: the rarer the word, the more the places it appears belong together.

  • וַיַּהֲפֹ֥ךְand he turned

    vaiyahafokhH2015 →94 times

  • אִֽישׁ־[the] man of

    ʾish-H376 →1663 times

  • יִשְׂרָאֵ֖לIsrael

    yisraelH3478 →2507 times

  • בַּמִּלְחָמָ֑הin the battle

    bamilchamahH4421 →320 times

  • וּבִנְיָמִ֡ןand Benjamin

    uvinyaminH1144 →166 times

  • הֵחֵל֩it began

    hechelH2490 →143 times

  • לְהַכּ֨וֹתto strike down

    lehakotH5221 →499 times

  • חֲלָלִ֤יםfatally wounded

    chalalimH2491 →94 times

  • בְּאִֽישׁ־among [the] man of

    beish-H376 →1663 times

  • יִשְׂרָאֵל֙Israel

    yisraelH3478 →2507 times

  • כִּשְׁלֹשִׁ֣יםabout thirty

    kishloshimH7970 →172 times

  • אִ֔ישׁman

    ʾishH376 →1663 times

  • כִּ֣יfor

    kiH3588 →4482 times

  • אָמְר֔וּthey said

    ʾameruH559 →5305 times

  • אַךְ֩surely

    ʾakhH389 →161 times

  • נִגּ֨וֹףcertainly <to defeated>

    nigofH5062 →49 times

  • נִגָּ֥ף[is] defeated

    nigafH5062 →49 times

  • הוּא֙it

    hu'H1931 →1879 times

  • לְפָנֵ֔ינוּ<to> before us

    lefaneinuH6440 →2123 times

  • כַּמִּלְחָמָ֖הlike the battle

    kamilchamahH4421 →320 times

  • הָרִאשֹׁנָֽה׃<the> first

    harishonahH7223 →182 times

A shaded row is a word that stands 400 times or fewer in the Bible.

The walk

1 stop

Each card is a verse this one points to, and under it the verses that one points to in turn. Where several paths arrive at the same place, that place is listed first: the text keeps returning to it.

  • Through

    Judges 20:32

    “We are defeating them as before,” said the Benjamites. But the Israelites said, “Let us retreat and draw them away from the city onto the roads.”

    it leads to

    • Joshua 8:15–16

      Joshua and all Israel let themselves be beaten back before them, and they fled toward the wilderness.

Where this verse is studied

About Judges

Jael, Deborah and Barak, Salomon de Bray, 1635. Public domain.
Jael, Deborah and Barak, Salomon de Bray, 1635. Public domain.

This page draws on Albert Barnes, Notes on the Old Testament; Ambrose of Milan, On the Duties of the Clergy 3.19.115-16; Ambrose of Milan, LETTER 33; Jamieson, Fausset & Brown, Commentary Critical and Explanatory on the Whole Bible; John Gill, Exposition of the Old Testament (1748-1763); John Wesley, Explanatory Notes upon the Old Testament; Keil and Delitzsch, Biblical Commentary on the Old Testament: Joshua, Judges, Ruth and Matthew Henry, Commentary on the Whole Bible.