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Genesis 6:1

in Genesis 6

Now when men began to multiply on the face of the earth and daughters were born to them,

BSB

The same verse in ASV and KJV ▾

ASV

And it came to pass, when men began to multiply on the face of the ground, and daughters were born unto them,

KJV

And it came to pass, when men began to multiply on the face of the earth, and daughters were born unto them,

This verse in Genesis 6

Commentary

19 notes on this verse
And for a very long while wickedness extended and spread, and reached and laid hold upon the whole race of mankind, until a very small seed of righteousness remained among them: and illicit unions took place upon the earth, since angels were united with the daughters of the race of mankind; and they bore to them sons who for their exceeding greatness were called giants.

This site's exposition

when men began to multiply on the face of the earth

on Genesis 6:1-2

The phrase sons of God, bene ha-elohim, names angelic beings everywhere else in the Old Testament, as at Job 1:6. Fallen angels took human wives, and Jude 6 and 2 Peter 2:4 look back to it. Augustine and Calvin took them as Seth's line marrying Cain's.

The record, by era

The Church Fathers5 voices

A commentator

Clement of Alexandria

The Instructor Book 3 · Written before 215.

proposed

The mind is led astray by pleasure, and the virgin center of the mind, if not disciplined by the Word, degenerates into licentiousness and reaps disintegration as reward for its transgressions. An example of this for you is the angels who forsook the beauty of God for perishable beauty and fell as far as heaven is from the earth.

A commentator

Nemesius of Emesa

ON THE NATURE OF MAN 58 · Written before 390.

proposed

Of the incorporeal beings, only angels fell away, and not all of them, but some only, that inclined to things below and set their desire on things of earth, withdrawing themselves from their relations with things above, even from God.

A commentator

Irenaeus

Against Heresies 4.36.4 · Written before 202.

proposed

Since the Son of God is always one and the same, He gives to those who believe on Him a well of water [springing up] to eternal life, but He causes the unfruitful fig-tree immediately to dry up; and in the days of Noah He justly brought on the deluge for the purpose of extinguishing that most infamous race of men then existent, who could not bring forth fruit to God, since the angels that sinned had commingled with them, and [acted as He did] in order that He might put a check upon the sins of these men, but [that at the same time] He might preserve the archetype, the formation of Adam. And it was He who rained fire and brimstone from heaven, in the days of Lot, upon Sodom and Gomorrah, "an example of the righteous judgment of God," that all may know, "that every tree that bringeth not forth good fruit shall be cut down, and cast into the fire."

A commentator

Eusebius of Caesarea

Preparation for the Gospel, BOOK V, CHAPTER IV · Written before 339.

proposed

But when they did nothing of this kind, but tried to make supplication to the evil daemons by a foul and licentious life and unseemly words, and by feeding on raw flesh, and rending victims asunder, and by human sacrifices, how was it even possible that doing such deeds, and pursuing practices pleasing to the wicked, they should be received as friends by the Supreme God, or by the divine Powers subject to Him, or by any good beings at all? But in fact it is manifest to all that he who practises the things that are dear to the wicked can never be a friend of the good. So then it was not to gods, nor yet to good daemons, but only to the wicked, that those of whom I have spoken paid worship. And this argument is still further confirmed by Plutarch, in the passage where he says that the mythical narratives told as concerning gods are certain tales about daemons, and the deeds of Giants and Titans celebrated in song among the Greeks are also stories about daemons, intended to suggest a new phase of thought. Of this kind then perhaps were the statements in the Sacred Scripture concerning the giants before the flood, and those concerning their progenitors, of whom it is said, 'And when the angels of God saw the daughters of men that they were fair, they took unto them wives of all that they chose,' and of these were born 'the giants the men of renown which were of old.' For one might say that these daemons are those giants, and that their spirits have been deified by the subsequent generations of men, and that their battles, and their quarrels among themselves, and their wars are the subjects of these legends that are told as of gods.

A commentator

Philo of Alexandria

-20–50

ON THE GIANTS · Written before 50.

proposed

"And it came to pass when there began to be many men upon the earth, that daughters also were born to Them." [Genesis 6:1] I think it here worth while to raise the question why, after the birth of Noah and his sons, our race …
12 more voices on this verse

The Church Fathers7 voices

A commentator

Josephus

Antiquities of the Jews - Book I, Chapter 3, Section 1 · Written before 100.

proposed

For many angels of God accompanied with women, and begat sons that proved unjust, and despisers of all that was good, on account of the confidence they had in their own strength; for the tradition is, that these men did what resembled the acts of …

A commentator

Ephrem the Syrian

COMMENTARY ON GENESIS 6.3.1 · Written before 373.

proposed

[Moses] called the sons of Seth "sons of God," those who, like the sons of Seth, had been called "the righteous people of God."

A commentator

John Cassian

Conference 8, CHAPTER XXI · Written before 435.

proposed

As long then as there continued that separation of the lines between them, the seed of Seth, as it sprang from an excellent root, was by reason of its sanctity termed "angels of God," or as some copies have it "sons of God;" and on the contrary the others by reason of their own and their fathers' wickedness and their earthly deeds were termed "children of men." Though then there was up to this time that holy and salutary separation between them, yet after this the sons of Seth who were the sons of God saw the daughters of those who were born of the line of Cain, and inflamed with the desire for their beauty took to themselves from them wives who taught their husbands the wickedness of their fathers, and at once led them astray from their innate holiness and the single-mindedness of their forefathers...From these sons of Seth then and daughters of Cain, as we have said, there were I born still worse children who became mighty hunters, violent and most fierce men who were termed giants by reason of the size of their bodies and their cruelty and wickedness. For these first began to harass their neighbours and to practise pillaging among men, getting their living rather by rapine than by being contented with the sweat and labour of toil, and their wickedness increased to such a pitch that the world could only be purified by the flood and deluge.

A commentator

Justin Martyr

The Second Apology, Chapter V · Written before 165.

proposed

God, when He had made the whole world, and subjected things earthly to man, and arranged the heavenly elements for the increase of fruits and rotation of the seasons, and appointed this divine law-for these things also He evidently made for man-committed the care of men and of all things under heaven to angels whom He appointed over them. But the angels transgressed this appointment, and were captivated by love of women, and begat children who are those that are called demons; and besides, they afterwards subdued the human race to themselves, partly by magical writings, and partly by fears and the punishments they occasioned, and partly by teaching them to offer sacrifices, and incense, and libations, of which things they stood in need after they were enslaved by lustful passions; and among men they sowed murders, wars, adulteries, intemperate deeds, and all wickedness. Whence also the poets and mythologists, not knowing that it was the angels and those demons who had been begotten by them that did these things to men, and women, and cities, and nations, which they related, ascribed them to god himself, and to those who were accounted to be his very offspring, and to the offspring of those who were called his brother), Neptune and Pluto, and to the children again of these their offspring. For whatever name each of the angels had given to himself and his children, by that name they called them.

A commentator

Book of Enoch

1 Enoch, Chapters 6-8, 15, 16 · Written before -300.

proposed

And it came to pass when the children of men had multiplied that in those days were born unto them beautiful and comely daughters.

A commentator

Julius Africanus

Fragment 2 · Written before 240.

proposed

When men multiplied on the earth, the angels of heaven came together with the daughters of men. In some copies I found "the sons of God."
And it came to pass when the children of men began to multiply on the face of the earth and daughters were born unto them, that the angels of God saw them on a certain year of this jubilee, that they were beautiful to look …

The Medieval Church1 voice

A commentator

Bede

Commentary on Genesis (Hexaemeron) · Written before 735.

proposed

And when men began to multiply on the earth and had daughters, the sons of God saw the daughters of men that they were fair; and they took wives for themselves of all whom they chose.

The Puritans and the Awakening1 voice

And it came to pass, when men began to multiply upon the face of the earth,....

The Nineteenth Century2 voices

A commentator

Adam Clarke

1762–1832

Commentary on the Bible · Written before 1832.

proposed

When men began to multiply - It was not at this time that men began to multiply, but the inspired penman speaks now of a fact which had taken place long before. As there is a distinction made here between men and those called the sons of God, it is generally supposed that the immediate posterity of Cain and that of Seth are intended. The first were mere men, such as fallen nature may produce, degenerate sons of a degenerate father, governed by the desire of the flesh, the desire of the eye, and the pride of life. The others were sons of God, not angels, as some have dreamed, but such as were, according to our Lord’s doctrine, born again, born from above, Joh 3:3, Joh 3:5,Joh 3:6, etc., and made children of God by the influence of the Holy Spirit, Gal 5:6. The former were apostates from the true religion, the latter were those among whom it was preserved and cultivated. Dr. Wall supposes the first verses of this chapter should be paraphrased thus: “When men began to multiply on the earth, the chief men took wives of all the handsome poor women they chose. There were tyrants in the earth in those days; and also after the antediluvian days powerful men had unlawful connections with the inferior women, and the children which sprang from this illicit commerce were the renowned heroes of antiquity, of whom the heathens made their gods.”
- The Growth of Sin 3. דון dı̂yn “be down, strive, subdue, judge.” בשׁגם bāshagām “inasmuch, as also.” The rendering “in their error” requires the pointing בשׁגם beshāgām, and the plural form of the following pronoun. It is also unknown to the Septuagint.

Modern Voices1 voice

A commentator

Chuck Missler

1934–2018

The Gospel in Genesis (article) (1996)

proposed

Some authorities suggest that this might be an allusion to the Sons of God who came down to corrupt the daughters of men, resulting in the Nephilim (Fallen Ones) of Genesis 6.

How the passage was read

What the Jewish commentators add

When Scripture mentioned Noah and his sons and wanted to begin the account of the flood, it said that as soon as men began to multiply they began to sin, and they continued their sinful ways for many years until Noah was four hundred and eighty years.
Ramban: Spain, 1194–1270 · Ramban on Genesis 6:1:1, via Sefaria, Commentary on the Torah by Ramban (Nachmanides). Translated and annotated by Charles B. Chavel. New York, Shilo Pub. House, 1971-1976

This section is reception history: how the passage was read and kept in the Jewish tradition. Where a reading parts from an essential of the Christian faith, the section says so at that point.

Texts and citation data: Sefaria; each excerpt follows its version’s licence. 5 further sources are cited on this chapter that carry no English text this site may quote or only restate the verse.

The words behind it

11 Hebrew words

Every Hebrew word of this verse in the order it stands, with what it means and the door to its own study. The last column counts the times a word stands in the whole Bible: the rarer the word, the more the places it appears belong together.

  • וַֽיְהִי֙and it was

    vayhiH1961 →3559 times

  • כִּֽי־that

    ki-H3588 →4482 times

  • הֵחֵ֣ל<it> began

    hechelH2490 →143 times

  • הָֽאָדָ֔ם<the> humankind

    haadamH120 →551 times

  • לָרֹ֖בto become numerous

    laroH7231 →

  • עַל־on

    ʾal-H5921 →5755 times

  • פְּנֵ֣י[the] surface of

    peneiH6440 →2123 times

  • הָֽאֲדָמָ֑הthe ground

    haadamahH127 →225 times

  • וּבָנ֖וֹתand daughters

    uvanotH1323 →588 times

  • יֻלְּד֥וּthey were born

    yuleduH3205 →496 times

  • לָהֶֽם׃to <the> them

    lahem

A shaded row is a word that stands 400 times or fewer in the Bible.

The walk

5 stops

Each card is a verse this one points to, and under it the verses that one points to in turn. Where several paths arrive at the same place, that place is listed first: the text keeps returning to it.

  • Through

    Genesis 1:28

    God blessed them and said to them, “Be fruitful and multiply, and fill the earth and subdue it; rule over the fish of the sea and the birds of the air and every creature…

    it leads to

    • Genesis 9:1

      And God blessed Noah and his sons and said to them, “Be fruitful and multiply and fill the earth.

    • Genesis 9:7

      But as for you, be fruitful and multiply; spread out across the earth and multiply upon it.”

    • Leviticus 26:9

      I will turn toward you and make you fruitful and multiply you, and I will establish My covenant with you.

    • Psalms 128:3–4

      Your wife will be like a fruitful vine flourishing within your house, your sons like olive shoots sitting around your table.

    • Genesis 22:17–18

      I will surely bless you, and I will multiply your descendants like the stars in the sky and the sand on the seashore. Your descendants will possess the gates of their enemies.

Where this verse is studied

About Genesis

The World Is Destroyed by Water — Gustave Doré, Doré's English Bible (1866), public domain
The World Is Destroyed by Water — Gustave Doré, Doré's English Bible (1866), public domain
This page draws on 20 works. Open the list of works

This page draws on Adam Clarke, Commentary on the Bible; Albert Barnes, Notes, Explanatory and Practical, on the Old and New Testaments (1832-1869); Bede, Commentary on Genesis (Hexaemeron); Book of Enoch, 1 Enoch, Chapters 6-8, 15, 16; Book of Jubilees, Book of Jubilees Chapter 5, sections 1-11, Charles' 1913 translation; Chuck Missler, Return of the Nephilim; Chuck Missler, The Gospel in Genesis (article); Clement of Alexandria, The Instructor Book 3; Ephrem the Syrian, COMMENTARY ON GENESIS 6.3.1; Eusebius of Caesarea, Preparation for the Gospel, BOOK V, CHAPTER IV; Irenaeus, The Demonstration of the Apostolic Preaching, Sections 18-19; Irenaeus, Against Heresies 4.36.4; John Calvin, Commentary on Genesis; John Cassian, Conference 8, CHAPTER XXI; John Gill, Exposition of the Old Testament (1748-1763); Josephus, Antiquities of the Jews - Book I, Chapter 3, Section 1; Julius Africanus, Fragment 2; Justin Martyr, The Second Apology, Chapter V; Nemesius of Emesa, ON THE NATURE OF MAN 58 and Philo of Alexandria, ON THE GIANTS.