Skip to content
mannafest.faith

Exodus 4:21

in Exodus 4

The LORD instructed Moses, “When you go back to Egypt, see that you perform before Pharaoh all the wonders that I have put within your power. But I will harden his heart so that he will not let the people go.

BSB

The same verse in ASV and KJV

ASV

And Jehovah said unto Moses, When thou goest back into Egypt, see that thou do before Pharaoh all the wonders which I have put in thy hand: but I will harden his heart and he will not let the people go.

KJV

And the Lord said unto Moses, When thou goest to return into Egypt, see that thou do all those wonders before Pharaoh, which I have put in thine hand: but I will harden his heart, that he shall not let the people go.

This verse in Exodus 4

Commentary

3 notes on this verse

A commentator

Origen of Alexandria

ON FIRST PRINCIPLES 3.1.7 · Written before 253.

Now many have been troubled by the story of Pharaoh, in dealing with whom God says several times, "I will harden Pharaoh's heart." For if he is hardened by God and through being hardened sins, he is not himself responsible for the sin; and if this is so, Pharaoh has no free will. And someone will say that in the same way those who are lost have no free will and will not be lost on their own account.

This site's exposition

but I will harden his heart

This is the first of nineteen hardening statements in Exodus and it is spoken before a single plague has fallen. Through the first five plagues the text puts the act on Pharaoh or leaves it stative, at 7:13, 7:22, 8:15, 8:19, 8:32 and 9:7, and 9:12 is the first verse that says the LORD hardened the heart of Pharaoh, after which the subject never changes back. R. C. Sproul reads the sequence as one act carrying two true descriptions, divine sovereignty and human responsibility both real and neither cancelling the other. The free will reading takes the order seriously and holds that God confirmed a man in the direction he had already taken, and Romans 9:17 quotes Exodus 9:16 into the same argument.

The record, by era

The Nineteenth Century1 voice
I will harden - Calamities which do not subdue the heart harden it. In the case of Pharaoh, the hardening was at once a righteous judgment, and a natural result of a long series of oppressions and cruelties.

The words behind it

24 Hebrew words

Every Hebrew word of this verse in the order it stands, with what it means and the door to its own study. The last column counts the times a word stands in the whole Bible: the rarer the word, the more the places it appears belong together.

  • וַיֹּ֣אמֶרand he said

    vaiyomerH5595305 times

  • יְהוָה֮Yahweh

    yahwehH30686520 times

  • אֶל־to

    ʾel-H4135510 times

  • מֹשֶׁה֒Moses

    moshehH4872765 times

  • בְּלֶכְתְּךָ֙when going you

    belekhtekhaH19801546 times

  • לָשׁ֣וּבto return

    lashuvH77251056 times

  • מִצְרַ֔יְמָהEgypt towards

    mitzraymahH4714641 times

  • רְאֵ֗הsee

    reehH72001300 times

  • כָּל־all

    kol-H36055413 times

  • הַמֹּֽפְתִים֙the wonders

    hamofetimH415936 times

  • אֲשֶׁר־which

    ʾasher-H8345497 times

  • שַׂ֣מְתִּיI have put

    samtiH7760584 times

  • בְיָדֶ֔ךָin hand your

    veyadekhaH30271618 times

  • וַעֲשִׂיתָ֖םand you will do them

    vaasitamH62132628 times

  • לִפְנֵ֣י<to> before

    lifneiH64402123 times

  • פַרְעֹ֑הPharaoh

    farohH6547274 times

  • וַאֲנִי֙and I

    vaaniH589874 times

  • אֲחַזֵּ֣קI will make strong

    ʾachazekH2388291 times

  • אֶת־<obj.>

    ʾet-H85310935 times

  • לִבּ֔וֹheart his

    liboH3820595 times

  • וְלֹ֥אand not

    velo'H38085168 times

  • יְשַׁלַּ֖חhe will let go

    yeshalachH7971845 times

  • אֶת־<obj.>

    ʾet-H85310935 times

  • הָעָֽם׃the people

    haamH59711873 times

A shaded row is a word that stands 400 times or fewer in the Bible.

The walk

8 stops

Each card is a verse this one points to, and under it the verses that one points to in turn. Where several paths arrive at the same place, that place is listed first: the text keeps returning to it.

  • Through

    Romans 9:18

    Therefore God has mercy on whom He wants to have mercy, and He hardens whom He wants to harden.

    it leads to

    • Joshua 11:20

      For it was of the LORD to harden their hearts to engage Israel in battle, so that they would be set apart for destruction and would receive no mercy, being annihilated as the LORD…

      Reached by 2 separate paths from here.

    • Deuteronomy 2:30

      But Sihon king of Heshbon would not let us pass through, for the LORD your God had made his spirit stubborn and his heart obstinate, that He might deliver him into your hand, as…

      Reached by 3 separate paths from here.

    • Romans 9:15–16

      For He says to Moses: “I will have mercy on whom I have mercy, and I will have compassion on whom I have compassion.”

    • Romans 11:7–8

      What then? What Israel was seeking, it failed to obtain, but the elect did. The others were hardened,

    • 2 Thessalonians 2:10–12

      and with every wicked deception directed against those who are perishing, because they refused the love of the truth that would have saved them.

  • Through

    Joshua 11:20

    For it was of the LORD to harden their hearts to engage Israel in battle, so that they would be set apart for destruction and would receive no mercy, being annihilated as the LORD…

    it leads to

    • Romans 9:18

      Therefore God has mercy on whom He wants to have mercy, and He hardens whom He wants to harden.

    • Deuteronomy 20:16–17

      However, in the cities of the nations that the LORD your God is giving you as an inheritance, you must not leave alive anything that breathes.

  • Through

    Isaiah 63:17

    Why, O LORD, do You make us stray from Your ways and harden our hearts from fearing You? Return, for the sake of Your servants, the tribes of Your heritage.

    it leads to

    • Isaiah 6:10

      Make the hearts of this people calloused; deafen their ears and close their eyes. Otherwise they might see with their eyes, hear with their ears, understand with their hearts, and turn and be healed.”

Where this verse is studied

On this page

Studies2

On this chapter

About Exodus

This page draws on Albert Barnes, Notes, Explanatory and Practical, on the Old and New Testaments (1832-1869); Keil and Delitzsch, Biblical Commentary on the Old Testament: The Pentateuch; Origen of Alexandria, ON FIRST PRINCIPLES 3.1.7 and R. C. Sproul, Chosen by God.