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Ezekielchapter 33

33 verses · KJVEzekiel book hub →

Key verse

Then whosoever heareth the sound of the trumpet, and taketh not warning; if the sword come, and take him away, his blood shall be upon his own head.

It stands in scene A of the chapter, verses 1 to 9.

The chapter

Chapter summary

The hinge of the book. The watchman charge is renewed with the parable behind it: if the watchman sees the sword and blows not the trumpet, the blood is required at his hand. Then the heart of Ezekiel's God: 'As I live… I have no pleasure in the death of the wicked; but that the wicked turn from his way and live: turn ye, turn ye from your evil ways' (33:11). Past righteousness saves no one who turns away; past wickedness damns no one who repents. Then the fugitive arrives ('The city is smitten') and the prophet's mouth is opened. His hearers treat him as a lovely song: they hear his words and do them not.

Context

Prophecy · Ezekiel · Ezekiel overview

Where the chapter sits

Ezekiel 33 falls in Restoration promised (chapters 33–37). The watchman's charge renewed; false shepherds denounced (34); the new heart and new spirit (36:26–27); the valley of dry bones (37); one stick, one shepherd.

Before it: Oracles against the nations, chapters 25–32. After it: Gog and Magog, chapters 38–39.

The whole shape of Ezekiel

The world behind this chapter

Ezekiel 33
When
The Babylonian exile, the winter after Jerusalem's destruction · The twelfth year, tenth month, fifth day of Jehoiachin's exile, c. 8 January 585 BC
Where
Tel Abib, where a survivor who escaped from Jerusalem arrives on foot with the news
Who first heard it
Exiles who had heard rumours for months and now hear it confirmed by a man who was there

The history

The watchman charge from chapter three is repeated here, and this time it is spelled out as a legal case. A city posts a lookout; if he sees the sword coming and blows the horn, anyone who ignores it has his blood on his own head; if the lookout sees and does not blow, God requires the blood at the watchman's hand. Towns really did keep men in wall towers and field towers through the night, and the ram's horn really was the alarm.

The rest of the history, and what it meant to them

The timing of the fugitive's arrival is a detail worth pausing on. Jerusalem fell in the summer of 586 BC; this man reaches the canal settlements about five or six months later. That is about right for the journey, Ezra's caravan from Babylonia to Jerusalem took roughly four months, so the gap is not a puzzle but a measure of how far away these people were and how long they had waited in the dark.

Ezekiel's mouth is opened the evening before the man arrives. He had been under restraint since the day the siege began, speaking only about the nations. From here on he speaks freely and the message changes direction entirely, from judgment to rebuilding.

Two arguments from the ground are quoted. The survivors still in Judah say: Abraham was only one man, and he got the land as a possession; we are many, so the land is surely ours. It is a property claim dressed as theology. And the exiles say: our transgressions are on us and we are rotting away, how then can we live?, despair used as an excuse in the same way the sour-grapes proverb had been.

The last picture is the sharpest in the chapter. The people come and sit before Ezekiel as they always do, and they hear his words and do not do them. To them he is like a singer with a beautiful voice who plays well on an instrument. His preaching had become good entertainment.

What it meant to them

The city has fallen. Everything Ezekiel said for seven years has been verified by an eyewitness, and the credibility problem is over.

So the chapter puts the choice back into individual hands, at the exact moment when it would be easiest to say nothing can be done. The wicked man who turns lives. The righteous man who trusts his record and turns to evil does not. And the God who says it swears He takes no pleasure in the death of the wicked, turn back, turn back, why will you die?

Sources cited

  • Roland de Vaux, Ancient Israel: Its Life and Institutions
  • John H. Walton, Victor H. Matthews and Mark W. Chavalas, The IVP Bible Background Commentary: Old Testament
  • C. F. Keil and F. Delitzsch, Biblical Commentary on the Prophecies of Ezekiel

Every work MannaFest builds on →

A. The watchman who must blow the trumpet

1. (vv. 1-6)

a.the word of the Lord came unto me: The watchman parable opens as general law, stated before it is ever applied to the prophet himself, if a people set a man as their own watchman and he fails to blow the trumpet, his blood is required at the watchman's hand, but if he blows it faithfully, every hearer answers for himself. Henry reads the principle as built from a soldier's common sense, one man from Israel's own coasts posted to a wall to warn the rest, so the illustration needs no allegorical decoding before it lands. Gill notes the deliberate balance of the wording, warned and unheeded, unwarned and struck, each case answered in turn before the parable ever names its true subject.

Ezekiel 33:1, 2 voicesWhat preachers and commentators have said about this verse, in their own words.

Ezekiel 33:1

Again the word of the Lord came unto me,.... After the delivery of various prophecies concerning the ruin of other nations, the Ammonites, Tyrians, and Egyptians, a fresh prophecy comes from the Lord concerning the Jews: saying; as follows:

Ezekiel 33:1

The substance of this we had before, ch. iii. He must let them know upon what terms they stand with God, that they are upon their trial, upon their good behaviour, that if a wicked man repent he shall not perish, but that if a righteous man apostatize he shall perish,

Matthew Henry· Commentary on the Whole Bible (1707-1721)puritan

Ezekiel 33:2, 2 voices

Ezekiel 33:2

How are we affected by Ezekiel, the beholder and expositor of the mighty mysteries and visions? By his injunction to the watchmen not to keep silence concerning vice and the sword impending over it, a course that would profit neither themselves nor the sinners, but rather to keep watch and forewarn and thus benefit at any rate those who gave warning, if not both those who spoke and those who heard.

Gregory of Nazianzus· written before 390· IN DEFENSE OF HIS FLIGHT TO PONTUS, ORATION 2:64patristic

Ezekiel 33:2

Son of man - if the people of the land take a man - The first ten verses of this chapter are the same with Eze 3:17-22; and to what is said there on this most important and awful subject I must refer the reader. Here the People choose the watchman; there, the Lord appoints him. When God chooses, the people should approve.

1 more voice on this verse
Ezekiel 33:6, 1 voice

Ezekiel 33:6

Commentary on Chapter XXXIII 6. Is taken away - Punished by the Lord for his sin. Our sins - The unpardoned guilt, and the unsupportable punishment of our sins, in the wasting of our country, burning our city, abolishing the publick worship of God; we shall pine away, 'tis too late to hope.

John Wesley· Explanatory Notes upon the Old Testament (1765)evangelical

2. (vv. 7-9)

a.a watchman unto the house of Israel: The general law becomes personal, so thou, O son of man, I have set thee a watchman unto the house of Israel, the same charge first given at 3:17 now renewed on the eve of Jerusalem's fall. Verses 8 and 9 apply the parable's two outcomes directly to Ezekiel's own ministry, his blood required at the prophet's hand if he stays silent, his own soul delivered if he warns and is refused. Keil marks the renewal as deliberate placement, the charge repeated at the hinge of the book where the city's fall is about to be reported, so the warning's stakes are made plain at the exact moment they matter most.

Ezekiel 33:7, 3 voices

Ezekiel 33:7

However, we can discuss this passage in three ways: as the land that appoints a watchman for itself, either according to the literal sense, that is, the land of Judea, or according to the spiritual interpretation, the Church, which often chooses a watchman for the last things of its people, namely the one whom the Apostle, writing to the Corinthians, takes as a judge (1 Corinthians 15), or certainly the soul of the believer, which sets its mind and reason above the people and crowd of its thoughts, so that it does not accept all the incentives of thoughts, but judges and discerns what should be followed by itself and what should be avoided.

Jerome· written before 420· Commentary on Ezekielpatristic

Ezekiel 33:7

So thou, O son of man,.... Here begins the application of the parable to the prophet himself, describing his office and his duty: I have set thee a watchman unto the house of Israel; which is repeated from Eze 3:17; see Gill on Eze 3:17. The Targum is, "I have appointed thee a teacher;'' a spiritual watchman; so pastors, teachers, ministers of the Gospel, are watchmen, 2Ti 4:5, therefore thou shalt hear the word from my mouth, and warn them from me. The Targum is, "thou shalt receive the word from my Word, and warn them from sinning before me.''

Ezekiel 33:7

He is a watchman to the house of Israel. He had occasionally given warning to the nations about, but to the house of Israel he was a watchman by office, for they were the children of the prophets and the covenant They did not set him for a watchman, as the people of the land,

Matthew Henry· Commentary on the Whole Bible (1707-1721)puritan

B. Our sins weigh on us: the Lord's way is equal

1. (vv. 10-11)

a.how should we then live?: The people's own despair is quoted before it is answered, our transgressions and our sins be upon us, and we pine away in them, how should we then live? The Lord's reply is stated as an oath, as I live, saith the Lord God, I have no pleasure in the death of the wicked, restating in the prophet's own hearing the note first sounded at 18:32. JFB reads the double turn ye, turn ye as urgency rather than repetition, the same appeal Ezekiel makes throughout the book that judgment is never the Lord's preference.

Ezekiel 33:10, 2 voices

Ezekiel 33:10

If our transgressions and our sins be upon us - They are upon us, as a grievous burden, too weighty for us to bear: how then can we live under such a load? We pine away in them - In such circumstances how consoling is that word: “Come unto me, all ye who are heavy laden, and I will give you rest!”

Ezekiel 33:10

Here is a particular message sent to those who yet remained in the land of Israel, and (which is very strange) grew secure there, and confident that they should take root there again, to tell them that their hopes would fail them because they persisted in their sins,

Matthew Henry· Commentary on the Whole Bible (1707-1721)puritan

Ezekiel 33:11, 3 voices

Ezekiel 33:11

IT is a token of the great mercy of God that He is very earnest in His pleading with men to turn from their sins that He may not be compelled to punish them, as He must do if they go on in their iniquities. A cruel governor is glad of an opportunity to show his severity and, therefore, not especially anxious to prevent offenses.

Ezekiel 33:11

A yearning tenderness manifests itself here, notwithstanding all their past sins; yet with it a holiness that abates nothing of its demands for the honor of God's authority. God's righteousness is vindicated as in Eze 3:18-21 and Eze 18:1-32, by the statement that each should be treated with the closest adaptation of God's justice to his particular case.

Jamieson, Fausset & Brown· Commentary Critical and Explanatory on the Whole Bible (1871)reformed

Ezekiel 33:11

They questioned whether they should live, though they did repent and reform; yea, says God, as sure as I live, true penitents shall live also; for their life is hid with Christ in God. (2.) It is certain that God is sincere and in earnest in the calls he gives sinners to repent: Turn you, turn you, from your evil way.

Matthew Henry· Commentary on the Whole Bible (1707-1721)puritan

2. (vv. 12-16)

a.shall not deliver him: The chapter restates chapter 18's argument for individual standing at length, past righteousness cannot cover a present fall and past wickedness cannot condemn a present turning. Verses 14 through 16 work the principle through a concrete case, a wicked man who restores the pledge and walks in the statutes of life, whose sins shall not be mentioned unto him because he hath done that which is lawful and right. Fairbairn reads the repetition from chapter 18 as intentional rather than careless, the same doctrine needed again now that the city's fall makes the question no longer theoretical but immediate.

Ezekiel 33:12, 1 voice

Ezekiel 33:12

In the lives of Christians we look not to the beginnings but to the endings. Paul began badly but ended well. The start of Judas wins praise; his end is condemned because of his treachery.

Jerome· written before 420· LETTER 54.6patristic

Ezekiel 33:13, 2 voices

Ezekiel 33:13

If you are righteous, fear his wrath lest you slip; if you are a sinner, believe in his mercy so that you can arise. But see, we have already fallen, we are not strong enough to stand, we lie prostrate in our evil desires. He who created us to be upright still waits, and he appeals to us to rise. He opens up his heart of love and seeks to get us back to himself again through repentance.

Ezekiel 33:13

So the case is put here: If he trust to his own righteousness, and commit iniquity, and come to make a trade of sin--if he not only take a false step, but turn aside into a false way and persist in it. This may possibly be the case of a righteous man, and it is the effect of his trusting to his own righteousness.

Matthew Henry· Commentary on the Whole Bible (1707-1721)puritan

Ezekiel 33:14, 1 voice

Ezekiel 33:14

Again, when I say unto the wicked, thou shalt surely die,.... That is, provided he continues in the same course of life, impenitent and unbelieving: but if he turn from his sin; repent of it, and forsake it: and do that which is lawful and right; or "judgment and justice"; do that which is agreeably to the law of God, and what is right between man and man; lives soberly, righteously, and godly, as well as denies ungodliness and worldly lusts; whereby it appears that his repentance is genuine and true.

Ezekiel 33:15, 1 voice

Ezekiel 33:15

He repents not of his repentance, nor returns to the commission of those gross sins which he before allowed himself in. [3.] He that does thus repent and return shall escape the ruin he was running into, and his former sins shall be no prejudice to his acceptance with God. Let him not pine away in his iniquity, for, if he confess and forsake it, he shall find mercy.

Matthew Henry· Commentary on the Whole Bible (1707-1721)puritan

3. (vv. 17-20)

a.The way of the Lord is not equal: The people's complaint returns a second time, the way of the Lord is not equal, and the Lord answers it exactly as before at chapter 18, turning the charge back on the objector, their own way is what is not equal. Verse 20 closes the exchange with a plain sentence, I will judge you every one after his ways, the standard the whole unit has been defending since verse 10. Wesley reads the repetition across two chapters as evidence the complaint was a common one among the exiles, persistent enough that the prophet answers it twice in the same book.

Ezekiel 33:18, 1 voice

Ezekiel 33:18

Hence those who say that the way of the Lord is not just are argued against because their opinion is unjust, possessed of a very evil eye, and not at all new, but of those who have passed judgment in the past. To all of whom it is shown that the sinner should not despair of salvation if he repents; nor should the righteous person place confidence in his righteousness if he negligently loses what he had earnestly sought after.

Jerome· written before 420· Commentary on Ezekielpatristic

Ezekiel 33:19, 1 voice

Ezekiel 33:19

He shall live thereby - “The wages of sin is death;” the “gift of God is eternal life.” It is a miserable trade by which a man cannot live; such a trade is sin.

Ezekiel 33:20, 1 voice

Ezekiel 33:20

Yet ye say, the way of the Lord is not equal,.... Still obstinately persisting in their false charges, notwithstanding plain proofs to the contrary: O ye house of Israel, I will judge you everyone after his ways; See Gill on Eze 18:30.

C. A fugitive arrives: the city has fallen

1. (vv. 21-22)

a.The city is smitten: The news the whole book has been driving toward finally arrives, one that had escaped out of Jerusalem came unto me, saying, the city is smitten. Verse 22 ties the moment to the sign Ezekiel had carried since chapter 24, the hand of the Lord opening his mouth the evening before the fugitive comes, ending the enforced silence that had marked the years since his wife's death. Keil reads the timing as precise rather than coincidental, the prophet's dumbness lifted exactly when the word it had been withholding finally has somewhere to land.

Ezekiel 33:21, 1 voice

Ezekiel 33:21

And it came to pass in the twelfth year of our captivity,.... Of Jeconiah's captivity, when Ezekiel with others were carried into Babylon; see Eze 1:2. in the tenth month, in the fifth day of the month; which was a year, four months, and some days, after the city of Jerusalem was taken; for that was destroyed in the eleventh year of Zedekiah, and so of the captivity, and in the fifth month, and tenth day of the month. 2Ki 25:

Ezekiel 33:22, 2 voices

Ezekiel 33:22

My mouth was opened - They had now the fullest evidence that I had spoken from the Lord. I therefore spoke freely and fully what Good delivered to me, Eze 24:27.

Ezekiel 33:22

Opened my mouth - Not that the prophet was utterly dumb before, for he had prophesied against many nations, only he was forbidden to say anything of the Jews, But now the spirit moved him to speak, and continued his motion, 'till the messenger came, and ever after.

John Wesley· Explanatory Notes upon the Old Testament (1765)evangelical

2. (vv. 23-26)

a.the word of the Lord came unto me: A fresh word answers the last claim standing in Jerusalem's ruins, those still in the wastes of the land arguing from Abraham, Abraham was one, and he inherited the land, but we are many, the land is given us for inheritance. Gill reads the argument as a plea from number rather than covenant standing, the survivors claiming the promise by weight of population while ignoring the sins the Lord names in the same breath, eating with the blood, worshiping idols, shedding blood, defiling a neighbor's wife. The claim to Abraham's inheritance is answered not by denying the promise but by naming the conduct that disqualifies its claimants, the same pattern the book has argued since chapter 18.

Ezekiel 33:23, 1 voice

Ezekiel 33:23

The exhortation to repentance. Ezekiel first addresses the remnant that still linger in their ancient home, and warns them against presumptuous hopes resting on false grounds Eze 33:23-29; then he turns his eyes to those near him, and points out that their apparent attention to his words was illusory. Eze 33:24 Those wastes - The places in the holy land devastated by the conqueror.

Ezekiel 33:24, 2 voices

Ezekiel 33:24

Abraham was one . . . but we are many--If God gave the land for an inheritance to Abraham, who was but one (Isa 51:2), much more it is given to us, who, though reduced, are still many.

Jamieson, Fausset & Brown· Commentary Critical and Explanatory on the Whole Bible (1871)reformed

Ezekiel 33:24

He inherited - Our father had a right to all this land, when but one; we his children though diminished, are many, and the divine goodness will surely continue to us both right and possession. Is given - It was given by promise to us, the seed, as well as to our progenitor; nay more, 'tis given us in possession, whereas Abraham had not one foot of it.

John Wesley· Explanatory Notes upon the Old Testament (1765)evangelical

Ezekiel 33:25, 1 voice

Ezekiel 33:25

Ye eat with the blood - Abraham was righteous, ye are unrighteous. Eating of blood, in any way dressed, or of flesh from which the blood had not been extracted, was and is in the sight of God abominable. All such practices he has absolutely and for ever forbidden. Let the vile blood-eaters hear and tremble. See the note on Act 15:20, and the passages in the margin.

Ezekiel 33:26, 2 voices

Ezekiel 33:26

Every heretic dwells in walls and deserts, and believes himself to possess the land of Israel, and says: If Abraham, by his faith alone, came into such great blessedness that his descendants were multiplied like the sand of the sea and like the stars of heaven, how much more will we, who are many, possess the land of Israel, that is, those who see God, and the confession of the Lord's Day?

Jerome· written before 420· Commentary on Ezekielpatristic

Ezekiel 33:26

Here we meet with those who, while they live, think they cannot stand firmly above ground unless they have their swords under their feet, as if swords were both the softest pillows and the strongest pillars; though it was sin, it was sin, that first drew the sword.

Matthew Henry· Commentary on the Whole Bible (1707-1721)puritan

3. (vv. 27-29)

a.surely they that are in the wastes shall fall: The sentence answers the claim of verse 24 directly, sword for those in the wastes, beasts for the open field, pestilence for the forts and caves, no refuge left uncovered. Verse 28 extends the desolation to the land itself, the pomp of her strength shall cease and the mountains of Israel made so desolate that none shall pass through. Henry marks verse 29 as the recognition formula closing the unit, then shall they know that I am the Lord, the same purpose stated for this judgment as for every other in the book.

Ezekiel 33:27, 1 voice

Ezekiel 33:27

They that are in the wastes - He seems to speak of those Jews who had fled to rocks, caves, and fortresses, in the mountains; whose death he predicts, partly by the sword, partly by wild beasts, and partly by famine.

Ezekiel 33:28, 1 voice

Ezekiel 33:28

The foregoing verses spoke conviction to the Jews who remained in the land of Israel, who were monuments of sparing mercy and yet returned not to the Lord; in these verses those are reproved who were now in captivity in Babylon, under divine rebukes, and yet were not reformed by them. They are not indeed charged with the same gross enormities that the others are charged with.

Matthew Henry· Commentary on the Whole Bible (1707-1721)puritan

D. They hear your words like a lovely song and do nothing

1. (vv. 30-33)

a.talking against thee by the walls: The final scene is not hostility but a colder danger, the people gathering to hear the prophet the way an audience gathers for entertainment, come, I pray you, and hear what is the word that cometh forth from the Lord. Verse 32 names the comparison outright, thou art unto them as a very lovely song of one that hath a pleasant voice, hearers who enjoy the performance of the word without letting it move them to act, for they hear thy words, but they do them not. Clarke reads the closing verse as the book's own proof clause, when this cometh to pass, then shall they know that a prophet hath been among them, the fall of the city itself becoming the vindication no pleasant voice could earn on its own.

Ezekiel 33:30, 3 voices

Ezekiel 33:30

The people still are talking against thee - בך bach should be rather translated, “concerning thee,” than “against thee;” for the following verses show that the prophet was much respected. The Vulgate translates, de te; the Septuagint, περι σου, “concerning thee,” both right. Talking by the walls and in the doors of the houses is not a custom peculiar to the Copts, mentioned by Bp. Pococke, it is a practice among idle people, and among those who are resting from their work, in every country, when the weather permits.

Ezekiel 33:30

Their talking was not directly "against" Ezekiel, for they professed to like his ministrations; but God's word speaks of things as they really are, not as they appear. by the walls--in the public haunts.

Jamieson, Fausset & Brown· Commentary Critical and Explanatory on the Whole Bible (1871)reformed

Ezekiel 33:30

But now that Jerusalem is taken, two years after, he is appointed again to direct his speech to them; and there his commission is renewed. If God had abandoned them quite, he would not have sent prophets to them; nor, if he had not had mercy in store for them, would he have shown them such things as these.

Matthew Henry· Commentary on the Whole Bible (1707-1721)puritan

Ezekiel 33:31, 1 voice

Ezekiel 33:31

As the people cometh - As they are accustomed to come on public days, Sabbaths, etc. With their mouth they show much love - They respected the prophet, but would not bend themselves to follow his precepts. They loved earthly things, and did not relish those of heaven.

Ezekiel 33:32, 1 voice

Ezekiel 33:32

As a very lovely song - They admired the fine voice and correct delivery of the prophet; this was their religion, and this is the whole of the religion of thousands to the present day; for never were itching ears so multiplied as now.

Ezekiel 33:33, 2 voices

Ezekiel 33:33

And when this cometh to pass,.... The prophecy before delivered out, concerning the desolations in the land of Israel, by the sword, pestilence, and wild beasts: lo, it will come; whatever is predicted by the Lord; in the mouth of his prophets, certainly comes to pass: then shall they know that a prophet hath been among them; and acknowledge it; and particularly that Ezekiel was one, a true prophet of the Lord, by the exact accomplishment of his predictions.

Ezekiel 33:33

Note, Those who will not consider that a prophet is among them, and who improve not the day of their visitation while it is continued, will be made to remember that a prophet has been among them when the things that belong to their peace are hidden from their

Matthew Henry· Commentary on the Whole Bible (1707-1721)puritan

The text of this chapter

This page carries no textual note on Ezekiel 33. Where this site has examined a place the manuscripts differ, the examination is in the manuscripts room. Every place this site examines →

This page draws on 13 works. Open for the list.

This page draws on Adam Clarke; Albert Barnes, Notes, Explanatory and Practical, on the Old and New Testaments (1832-1869); Carl Friedrich Keil, Biblical Commentary on the Prophecies of Ezekiel; Charles Spurgeon, The Metropolitan Tabernacle Pulpit, Sermon No. 3324: “Turning From Death” (lightly modernized text, CCEL edition); Gregory of Nazianzus, IN DEFENSE OF HIS FLIGHT TO PONTUS, ORATION 2:64; Gregory the Dialogist, Forty Gospel Homilies, Homily 34; Jamieson, Fausset & Brown, Commentary Critical and Explanatory on the Whole Bible (1871); Jerome; John Gill; John Wesley; Matthew Henry; Patrick Fairbairn, An Exposition of Ezekiel and Robert Jamieson, A. R. Fausset and David Brown, Commentary Critical and Explanatory on the Whole Bible.

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