1 Samuelchapter 22
23 verses · BSB1 Samuel book hub →
Original Language
1 Samuel 22— Hebrew word study · with the Hebrew tradition
How to read a word below: the Hebrewword, then how it sounds, then what it means, then its number in Strong’s concordance, a widely used lookup this site follows (H for Hebrew and Aramaic, G for Greek). Square brackets hold a word the English supplies that the Hebrew does not, angle brackets mark the Hebrew’s own grammatical elements that English renders as separate words, and the mark ס or פ is where the Hebrew manuscripts end a paragraph.
Adullam: the distressed and the debtors gather1
1 Samuel 22:1· Hebrew and glosses: STEP Bible
וַיֵּ֤לֶךְvaiyelekhand he wentH1980דָּוִד֙davidDavidH1732מִשָּׁ֔םmishamfrom thereH8033וַיִּמָּלֵ֖טvaiyimaletand he escapedH4422אֶל־ʾel-toH413מְעָרַ֣תmearat[the] cave ofH4631עֲדֻלָּ֑םʾadulamAdullamH5725וַיִּשְׁמְע֤וּvaiyishmeuand they heardH8085אֶחָיו֙ʾechavbrothers hisH251וְכָל־vekholand allH3605בֵּ֣יתbeit[the] household ofH1004אָבִ֔יוʾavivfather hisH1וַיֵּרְד֥וּvaiyereduand they went downH3381אֵלָ֖יוʾelavto himH413שָֽׁמָּה׃shamahthere towardsH8033
1 Samuel 22:2· Hebrew and glosses: STEP Bible
וַיִּֽתְקַבְּצ֣וּvaiyitkabetzuand they gathered togetherH6908אֵ֠לָיוʾelavto himH413כָּל־kol-everyH3605אִ֨ישׁʾishman ofH376מָצ֜וֹקmatzokdistressH4689וְכָל־vekholand everyH3605אִ֨ישׁʾishmanH376אֲשֶׁר־ʾasher-whomH834ל֤וֹlo[belonged] to <the> himנֹשֶׁא֙noshe'a creditorH5378וְכָל־vekholand everyH3605אִ֣ישׁʾishmanH376מַר־mar-bitter ofH4751נֶ֔פֶשׁnefeshsoulH5315וַיְהִ֥יvayhiand he becameH1961עֲלֵיהֶ֖םʾaleihemover themH5921לְשָׂ֑רlesar<into> a commanderH8269וַיִּהְי֣וּvaiyihyuand they wereH1961עִמּ֔וֹimowith himH5973כְּאַרְבַּ֥עkearba'about fourH702מֵא֖וֹתmeothundred<s>H3967אִֽישׁ׃ʾishmanH376
1 Samuel 22:3· Hebrew and glosses: STEP Bible
וַיֵּ֧לֶךְvaiyelekhand he wentH1980דָּוִ֛דdavidDavidH1732מִשָּׁ֖םmishamfrom thereH8033מִצְפֵּ֣הmitzpehMizpah ofH4708מוֹאָ֑בmoavMoabH4124וַיֹּ֣אמֶר׀vaiyomerand he saidH559אֶל־ʾel-toH413מֶ֣לֶךְmelekh[the] king ofH4428מוֹאָ֗בmoavMoabH4124יֵֽצֵא־yetze'-let him go outH3318נָ֞אna'pleaseH4994אָבִ֤יʾavifather myH1וְאִמִּי֙veimiand mother myH517אִתְּכֶ֔םʾitekhemwith youH854עַ֚דʾaduntilH5704אֲשֶׁ֣רʾasherthatH834אֵדַ֔עʾeda'I will knowH3045מַה־mah-what?H4100יַּֽעֲשֶׂה־yaaseh-will he doH6213לִּ֖יlifor <the> meאֱלֹהִֽים׃ʾelohimGodH430
1 Samuel 22:4· Hebrew and glosses: STEP Bible
וַיַּנְחֵ֕םvaiyanchemand he led themH5148אֶת־ʾet-withH854פְּנֵ֖יpenei[the] presence ofH6440מֶ֣לֶךְmelekh[the] king ofH4428מוֹאָ֑בmoavMoabH4124וַיֵּשְׁב֣וּvaiyeshevuand they remainedH3427עִמּ֔וֹimowith himH5973כָּל־kol-allH3605יְמֵ֥יyemei[the] days ofH3117הֱיוֹת־heyot-[the] being ofH1961דָּוִ֖דdavidDavidH1732בַּמְּצוּדָֽה׃ סbametzudahin the strongholdH4686
1 Samuel 22:5· Hebrew and glosses: STEP Bible
וַיֹּאמֶר֩vaiyomerand he saidH559גָּ֨דgadGadH1410הַנָּבִ֜יאhanavi'the prophetH5030אֶל־ʾel-toH413דָּוִ֗דdavidDavidH1732לֹ֤אlo'notH3808תֵשֵׁב֙teshevyou must remainH3427בַּמְּצוּדָ֔הbametzudahin the strongholdH4686לֵ֥ךְlekhgoH1980וּבָֽאתָ־uvata-and you will goH935לְּךָ֖lekhafor <the> yourselfאֶ֣רֶץʾeretz[the] land ofH776יְהוּדָ֑הyehudahJudahH3063וַיֵּ֣לֶךְvaiyelekhand he wentH1980דָּוִ֔דdavidDavidH1732וַיָּבֹ֖אvaiyavo'and he cameH935יַ֥עַרyaar[the] forest ofH3293חָֽרֶת׃ סcharetHerethH2802
Doeg the Edomite tells what he saw6
1 Samuel 22:6· Hebrew and glosses: STEP Bible
וַיִּשְׁמַ֣עvaiyishma'and he heardH8085שָׁא֔וּלshaulSaulH7586כִּ֚יkithatH3588נוֹדַ֣עnoda'he was knownH3045דָּוִ֔דdavidDavidH1732וַאֲנָשִׁ֖יםvaanashimand [the] menH582אֲשֶׁ֣רʾasherwhoH834אִתּ֑וֹʾito[were] with himH854וְשָׁאוּל֩veshauland SaulH7586יוֹשֵׁ֨בyoshev[was] sittingH3427בַּגִּבְעָ֜הbagivahat <the> GibeahH1390תַּֽחַת־tachat-underH8478הָאֶ֤שֶׁלhaeshelthe tamarisk treeH815בָּֽרָמָה֙baramahat the high placeH7413וַחֲנִית֣וֹvachanitoand spear hisH2595בְיָד֔וֹveyado[was] in hand hisH3027וְכָל־vekholand allH3605עֲבָדָ֖יוʾavadavservants hisH5650נִצָּבִ֥יםnitzavim[were] standingH5324עָלָֽיו׃ʾalavwith himH5921
1 Samuel 22:7· Hebrew and glosses: STEP Bible
וַיֹּ֣אמֶרvaiyomerand he saidH559שָׁא֗וּלshaulSaulH7586לַֽעֲבָדָיו֙laavadavto servants hisH5650הַנִּצָּבִ֣יםhanitzavimwho were standingH5324עָלָ֔יוʾalavwith himH5921שִׁמְעוּ־shimu-listenH8085נָ֖אna'pleaseH4994בְּנֵ֣יbeneiO Ben-H1145יְמִינִ֑יyeminijaminitesH1145גַּם־gam-also?H1571לְכֻלְּכֶ֗םlekhulekhemto all of youH3605יִתֵּ֤ןyitenwill he giveH5414בֶּן־ben-[the] son ofH1121יִשַׁי֙yishaiJesseH3448שָׂד֣וֹתsadotfieldsH7704וּכְרָמִ֔יםukheramimand vineyardsH3754לְכֻלְּכֶ֣םlekhulekhem<to> all of youH3605יָשִׂ֔יםyasimwill he appointH7760שָׂרֵ֥יsareicommanders ofH8269אֲלָפִ֖יםʾalafimthousandsH505וְשָׂרֵ֥יvesareiand commanders ofH8269מֵאֽוֹת׃meothundredsH3967
1 Samuel 22:8· Hebrew and glosses: STEP Bible
כִּי֩kiforH3588קְשַׁרְתֶּ֨םkeshartemyou have conspiredH7194כֻּלְּכֶ֜םkulekhemall of youH3605עָלַ֗יʾalaion meH5921וְאֵין־veein-and there notH369גֹּלֶ֤הgoleh[is one who] opensH1540אֶת־ʾet-<obj.>H853אָזְנִי֙ʾazeniear myH241בִּכְרָת־bikhrot-when madeH3772בְּנִ֣יbenison myH1121עִם־ʾim-withH5973בֶּן־ben-[the] son ofH1121יִשַׁ֔יyishaiJesseH3448וְאֵין־veein-and notH369חֹלֶ֥הcholeh[was] feeling painH2470מִכֶּ֛םmikemany of <the> youעָלַ֖יʾalaion meH5921וְגֹלֶ֣הvegolehand openingH1540אֶת־ʾet-<obj.>H853אָזְנִ֑יʾazeniear myH241כִּ֣יkithatH3588הֵקִים֩hekimhe has raised upH6965בְּנִ֨יbenison myH1121אֶת־ʾet-<obj.>H853עַבְדִּ֥יʾavdiservant myH5650עָלַ֛יʾalaion meH5921לְאֹרֵ֖בleorevto an ambusherH693כַּיּ֥וֹםkaiyomas the dayH3117הַזֶּֽה׃ סhazeh<the> thisH2088
1 Samuel 22:9· Hebrew and glosses: STEP Bible
וַיַּ֜עַןvaiyaanand he answeredH6030דֹּאֵ֣גdoegDoegH1673הָאֲדֹמִ֗יhaadomithe EdomiteH130וְה֛וּאvehu'and heH1931נִצָּ֥בnitzav[was] standingH5324עַל־ʾal-withH5921עַבְדֵֽי־ʾavdei-[the] servants ofH5650שָׁא֖וּלshaulSaulH7586וַיֹּאמַ֑רvaiyomarand he saidH559רָאִ֙יתִי֙raitiI sawH7200אֶת־ʾet-<obj.>H853בֶּן־ben-[the] son ofH1121יִשַׁ֔יyishaiJesseH3448בָּ֣אba'comingH935נֹ֔בֶהnoehNob towardsH5011אֶל־ʾel-toH413אֲחִימֶ֖לֶךְʾachimelekhAhimelechH288בֶּן־ben-[the] son ofH1121אֲחִטֽוּב׃ʾachituvAhitubH285
1 Samuel 22:10· Hebrew and glosses: STEP Bible
וַיִּשְׁאַל־vaiyishal-and he enquiredH7592לוֹ֙lofor <the> himבַּֽיהוָ֔הbayahwehby YahwehH3068וְצֵידָ֖הvetzeidahand foodH6720נָ֣תַןnatanhe gaveH5414ל֑וֹloto <the> himוְאֵ֗תveetand <obj.>H853חֶ֛רֶבcherev[the] sword ofH2719גָּלְיָ֥תgalyatGoliathH1555הַפְּלִשְׁתִּ֖יhapelishtithe PhilistineH6430נָ֥תַןnatanhe gaveH5414לֽוֹ׃loto <the> him
Eighty-five priests killed; one son escapes to David11
1 Samuel 22:11· Hebrew and glosses: STEP Bible
וַיִּשְׁלַ֣חvaiyishlachand he sentH7971הַמֶּ֡לֶךְhamelekhthe kingH4428לִקְרֹא֩likro'to summonH7121אֶת־ʾet-<obj.>H853אֲחִימֶ֨לֶךְʾachimelekhAhimelechH288בֶּן־ben-[the] son ofH1121אֲחִיט֜וּבʾachituvAhitubH285הַכֹּהֵ֗ןhakohenthe priestH3548וְאֵ֨תveetand <obj.>H853כָּל־kol-allH3605בֵּ֥יתbeit[the] house ofH1004אָבִ֛יוʾavivfather hisH1הַכֹּהֲנִ֖יםhakohanimthe priestsH3548אֲשֶׁ֣רʾasherwhoH834בְּנֹ֑בbeno[were] at NobH5011וַיָּבֹ֥אוּvaiyavouand they cameH935כֻלָּ֖םkhulamall of themH3605אֶל־ʾel-toH413הַמֶּֽלֶךְ׃ סhamelekhthe kingH4428
1 Samuel 22:12· Hebrew and glosses: STEP Bible
1 Samuel 22:13· Hebrew and glosses: STEP Bible
וַיֹּ֤אמֶרvaiyomerand he saidH559אֵלָיו֙ʾelovto himH413שָׁא֔וּלshaulSaulH7586לָ֚מָּהlamah<to> why?H4100קְשַׁרְתֶּ֣םkeshartemhave you conspiredH7194עָלַ֔יʾalaion meH5921אַתָּ֖הʾatahyouH859וּבֶן־uven-and [the] son ofH1121יִשָׁ֑יyishaiJesseH3448בְּתִתְּךָ֨betitekhawhen giving youH5414ל֜וֹloto <the> himלֶ֣חֶםlechembreadH3899וְחֶ֗רֶבvecherevand a swordH2719וְשָׁא֥וֹלveshaoland [you] enquiredH7592לוֹ֙lofor <the> himבֵּֽאלֹהִ֔יםbelohimby GodH430לָק֥וּםlakumto rise upH6965אֵלַ֛יʾelaiagainst meH413לְאֹרֵ֖בleorevto an ambusherH693כַּיּ֥וֹםkaiyomas the dayH3117הַזֶּֽה׃ סhazeh<the> thisH2088
Rashi on I Samuel 22:13
And inquiring of God for him. [By allowing him to consult the Urim and Tumim], you have made him a king, because no inquiry may be made of the Urim and Tumim for a commoner.
Read it in full at Sefaria · The Metsudah Tanach series, Lakewood, N.J
1 Samuel 22:14· Hebrew and glosses: STEP Bible
וַיַּ֧עַןvaiyaanand he answeredH6030אֲחִימֶ֛לֶךְʾachimelekhAhimelechH288אֶת־ʾet-<obj.>H853הַמֶּ֖לֶךְhamelekhthe kingH4428וַיֹּאמַ֑רvaiyomarand he saidH559וּמִ֤יumiand who?H4310בְכָל־vekhol-among allH3605עֲבָדֶ֙יךָ֙ʾavadeikhaservants yourH5650כְּדָוִ֣דkedavid[is] like DavidH1732נֶאֱמָ֔ןneemanfaithfulH539וַחֲתַ֥ןvachatanand [the] son-in-law ofH2860הַמֶּ֛לֶךְhamelekhthe kingH4428וְסָ֥רvesarand [one who] turns asideH5493אֶל־ʾel-toH413מִשְׁמַעְתֶּ֖ךָmishma'tekhabodyguard yourH4928וְנִכְבָּ֥דvenikhbadand honoredH3513בְּבֵיתֶֽךָ׃beveitekhain household yourH1004
Rashi on I Samuel 22:14
Who bows to your bidding. As in "And they turned [ וַיָסֻרוּ ] to him," 6 Bereishis:3. meaning that he is near to service you and to obey your orders. How then was I to know that he was not going on your mission?
Read it in full at Sefaria · The Metsudah Tanach series, Lakewood, N.J
1 Samuel 22:15· Hebrew and glosses: STEP Bible
הַיּ֧וֹםhaiyomthis dayH3117הַחִלֹּ֛תִיhachilotidid I begin?H2490לִשְׁאָלleshaol-to enquireH7592ל֥וֹlofor <the> himבֵאלֹהִ֖יםvelohimby GodH430חָלִ֣ילָהchalilahfar be itH2486לִּ֑יlito <the> meאַל־ʾal-may notH408יָשֵׂם֩yasemhe putH7760הַמֶּ֨לֶךְhamelekhthe kingH4428בְּעַבְדּ֤וֹbeavdoagainst servant hisH5650דָבָר֙davaranythingH1697בְּכָל־bekholagainst allH3605בֵּ֣יתbeit[the] house ofH1004אָבִ֔יʾavifather myH1כִּ֠יkiforH3588לֹֽא־lo'-notH3808יָדַ֤עyada'he knewH3045עַבְדְּךָ֙ʾavdekhaservant yourH5650בְּכָל־bekholin allH3605זֹ֔אתzotthisH2063דָּבָ֥רdavaranythingH1697קָטֹ֖ןkatonsmallH6996א֥וֹʾoorH176גָדֽוֹל׃gadolgreatH1419
1 Samuel 22:16· Hebrew and glosses: STEP Bible
1 Samuel 22:17· Hebrew and glosses: STEP Bible
וַיֹּ֣אמֶרvaiyomerand he saidH559הַמֶּ֡לֶךְhamelekhthe kingH4428לָרָצִים֩laratzimto the runnersH7323הַנִּצָּבִ֨יםhanitzavimwho were standingH5324עָלָ֜יוʾalavwith himH5921סֹ֥בּוּsobuturn roundH5437וְהָמִ֣יתוּ׀vehamituand put to deathH4191כֹּהֲנֵ֣יkohanei[the] priests ofH3548יְהוָ֗הyahwehYahwehH3068כִּ֤יkiforH3588גַם־gam-alsoH1571יָדָם֙yadamhand theirH3027עִם־ʾim-[is] withH5973דָּוִ֔דdavidDavidH1732וְכִ֤יvekhiand forH3588יָֽדְעוּ֙yadeuthey knewH3045כִּֽי־ki-thatH3588בֹרֵ֣חַvoreach[was] fleeingH1272ה֔וּאhu'heH1931וְלֹ֥אvelo'and notH3808גָל֖וּgaluthey uncoveredH1540אֶת־ʾet-<obj.>H853אָזְנִ֑יʾazeniear myH241וְלֹֽא־velo'-and notH3808אָב֞וּʾavuthey were willingH14עַבְדֵ֤יʾavdei[the] servants ofH5650הַמֶּ֙לֶךְ֙hamelekhthe kingH4428לִשְׁלֹ֣חַlishloachto stretch outH7971אֶת־ʾet-<obj.>H853יָדָ֔םyadamhand theirH3027לִפְגֹ֖עַlifgoa'to fallH6293בְּכֹהֲנֵ֥יbekhohaneion [the] priests ofH3548יְהוָֽה׃ סyahwehYahwehH3068
Rashi on I Samuel 22:17
To the runners who stood near him. Referring to Avneir and Amoso.
Read it in full at Sefaria · The Metsudah Tanach series, Lakewood, N.J
1 Samuel 22:18· Hebrew and glosses: STEP Bible
וַיֹּ֤אמֶרvaiyomerand he saidH559הַמֶּ֙לֶךְ֙hamelekhthe kingH4428לְדוֹאֵ֔גledoyegto DoegH1673סֹ֣בsoturn roundH5437אַתָּ֔הʾatahyouH859וּפְגַ֖עufega'and fallH6293בַּכֹּהֲנִ֑יםbakohanimon the priestsH3548וַיִּסֹּ֞בvaiyisoand he turned roundH5437דּוֹאֵ֣גdoyegDoegH1673הָאֲדֹמִ֗יhaadomithe EdomiteH130וַיִּפְגַּע־vaiyifga'-and he fellH6293הוּא֙hu'heH1931בַּכֹּ֣הֲנִ֔יםbakohanimon the priestsH3548וַיָּ֣מֶת׀vaiyametand he killedH4191בַּיּ֣וֹםbaiyomon the dayH3117הַה֗וּאhahu'<the> thatH1931שְׁמֹנִ֤יםshemonimeightyH8084וַחֲמִשָּׁה֙vachamishahand fiveH2568אִ֔ישׁʾishmanH376נֹשֵׂ֖אnose'[who] carriedH5375אֵפ֥וֹדʾefodan ephod ofH646בָּֽד׃badlinenH906
1 Samuel 22:19· Hebrew and glosses: STEP Bible
וְאֵ֨תveetand <obj.>H853נֹ֤בnoNobH5011עִיר־ʾir-[the] city ofH5892הַכֹּֽהֲנִים֙hakohanimthe priestsH3548הִכָּ֣הhikahhe struckH5221לְפִי־lefi-to [the] mouth ofH6310חֶ֔רֶבcherev[the] swordH2719מֵאִישׁ֙meishfrom manH376וְעַד־vead-and untoH5704אִשָּׁ֔הʾishahwomanH802מֵעוֹלֵ֖לmeolelfrom childH5768וְעַד־vead-and untoH5704יוֹנֵ֑קyoneksuckling-childH3243וְשׁ֧וֹרveshorand ox[en]H7794וַחֲמ֛וֹרvachamorand donkey[s]H2543וָשֶׂ֖הvasehand sheepH7716לְפִי־lefi-to [the] mouth ofH6310חָֽרֶב׃charev[the] swordH2719
1 Samuel 22:20· Hebrew and glosses: STEP Bible
וַיִּמָּלֵ֣טvaiyimaletand he escapedH4422בֵּן־ben-a sonH1121אֶחָ֗דʾechadoneH259לַאֲחִימֶ֙לֶךְ֙laachimelekhof AhimelechH288בֶּן־ben-[the] son ofH1121אֲחִט֔וּבʾachituvAhitubH285וּשְׁמ֖וֹushemoand name hisH8034אֶבְיָתָ֑רʾevyatar[was] AbiatharH54וַיִּבְרַ֖חvaiyivrachand he fledH1272אַחֲרֵ֥יʾachareiafterH310דָוִֽד׃davidDavidH1732
1 Samuel 22:21· Hebrew and glosses: STEP Bible
1 Samuel 22:22· Hebrew and glosses: STEP Bible
וַיֹּ֨אמֶרvaiyomerand he saidH559דָּוִ֜דdavidDavidH1732לְאֶבְיָתָ֗רleevyatarto AbiatharH54יָדַ֜עְתִּיyada'tiI knewH3045בַּיּ֤וֹםbaiyomon the dayH3117הַהוּא֙hahu'<the> thatH1931כִּֽי־ki-thatH3588שָׁם֙sham[was] thereH8033דּוֹאֵ֣גdoyegDoegH1673הָאֲדֹמִ֔יhaadomithe EdomiteH130כִּֽי־ki-thatH3588הַגֵּ֥דhagedcertainly <to tell>H5046יַגִּ֖ידyagidhe will tellH5046לְשָׁא֑וּלleshaulto SaulH7586אָנֹכִ֣יʾanokhiIH595סַבֹּ֔תִיsabotiI have turnedH5437בְּכָל־bekholin everyH3605נֶ֖פֶשׁnefeshlife ofH5315בֵּ֥יתbeit[the] house ofH1004אָבִֽיךָ׃ʾavikhafather yourH1
1 Samuel 22:23· Hebrew and glosses: STEP Bible
שְׁבָ֤הshevahremain !H3427אִתִּי֙ʾitiwith meH854אַל־ʾal-may notH408תִּירָ֔אtira'you be afraidH3372כִּ֛יkiforH3588אֲשֶׁר־ʾasher-[the one] whoH834יְבַקֵּ֥שׁyevakeshhe seeksH1245אֶת־ʾet-<obj.>H853נַפְשִׁ֖יnafshilife myH5315יְבַקֵּ֣שׁyevakeshhe seeksH1245אֶת־ʾet-<obj.>H853נַפְשֶׁ֑ךָnafshekhalife yourH5315כִּֽי־ki-forH3588מִשְׁמֶ֥רֶתmishmeret[are] in good careH4931אַתָּ֖הʾatahyouH859עִמָּדִֽי׃ʾimadiwith meH5978