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Hebrew verb · H693

אָרַב

arabaw-rab'

to ambush

41 uses in the Hebrew text, one for each word STEP Bible has tagged with this key

Concordance spelling: ʼârab

Word page · Part of the concordance, one page for every word of the Hebrew and Greek text. Strong's H693is this word's number in James Strong's 1890 index of the King James Bible.

  • 12 of 39
    Old Testament books
  • 39
    spellings

The definition in full

Strong's key (1890) · H693

to lurk

The King James renders it: (lie in) ambush(-ment), lay (lie in) wait.

James Strong, The Exhaustive Concordance of the Bible (1890), public domain. Strong indexed the King James text, and this site quotes his entry as that index.

Summary

arab is rendered "to ambush". It stands 41 times in the Hebrew text, across twelve books.

  • Fourteen of the uses stand in Judges, more than in any other book.
  • Its first use in canonical order opens the ledger below.Deuteronomy 19:11If, however, a man hates his neighbor and lies in wait, attacks him and kills him, and then flees to one of these cities,
  • The Greek text spells it thirty-nine different ways.

The first use

If, however, a man hates his neighbor and lies in wait, attacks him and kills him, and then flees to one of these cities,

Deuteronomy 19:11וְאָ֤רַב

The first use, in the order of the Old Testament's books.

Where the word stands

Fourteen of the word's forty-one uses are in Judges.

The other 27 Old Testament books never use the word.

What the word means

Each meaning, and the words it is translated by

How the Greek text is glossed, word by word

  • ambushers3
  • an ambush3
  • and the ambusher3
  • the ambusher3
  • they lie in wait3
  • and he lay in wait2
  • and they lay in wait2
  • he lies in wait2
  • lying in wait2
  • she lies in wait2
  • to an ambusher2
  • and ambusher of1

and 13 more, 41 uses in all

The words built on the same word-part

Each word below begins with the same letters this one begins with. A shared word-part shows a family. It does not settle what any one of them means, so each word carries its own uses on its own page. Scholars call that shared part the stem.

אָרַךְarakto prolongUses34
אָרַגaragto weaveUses13
אָרַחarachto journeyUses6
אָרַזarazreinforcedUses1

The words it stands beside

All 41, in canonical order

Every use, in order

Every use, grouped by book, with its verse.

39 spellings and their grammar

STEP Bible tags every word of the Hebrew and Greek text with its spelling and its grammar. Both lists below count the rows printed underneath, written out in English, with the code beside each one as it was tagged.

How it is spelled

  • אֹרֵ֥ב2
  • לְאֹרֵ֖ב2
  • אֹרֵ֛ב1
  • אֹרֵ֗ב1
  • אֱרָב־1
  • אָֽרְב֡וּ1
  • אָ֥רְבוּ1
  • אֹרְבִ֤ים1
  • אֹֽרְבִ֔ים1
  • אָרָֽבְתִּי׃1
  • הָֽאֹרֵב֙1
  • הָ֣אֹרֵ֔ב1

and 27 more spellings in the ledger below.

The grammar of each form

  • conjunction (“and”) + the definite article (“the”) + verb · simple (qal), participle · masculine singular4HC/Td/Vqrmsa
  • the definite article (“the”) + verb · simple (qal), participle · masculine singular4HTd/Vqrmsa
  • verb · simple (qal), participle · masculine singular4HVqrmsa
  • Hc/Vqw3mp2Hc/Vqw3mp
  • preposition + verb · simple (qal), participle · masculine singular2HR/Vqrmsa
  • verb · intensive (piel), participle · masculine plural2HVprmpa
  • verb · simple (qal), yiqtol (imperfect) · 3rd person feminine singular2HVqi3fs
  • verb · simple (qal), yiqtol (imperfect) · 3rd person masculine plural2HVqi3mp
  • verb · simple (qal), yiqtol (imperfect) · 3rd person masculine singular2HVqi3ms
  • verb · simple (qal), qatal (perfect) · 3rd person common plural2HVqp3cp
  • verb · simple (qal), participle · masculine plural2HVqrmpa
  • Hc/Vhw3ms1Hc/Vhw3ms

Deuteronomy

one use
  • If, however, a man hates his neighbor and lies in wait, attacks him and kills him, and then flees to one of these cities,

    Deuteronomy 19:11

    • וְאָ֤רַבvearavHc/Vqq3mstagged: and he will lie in wait

Joshua

seven uses
  • And you shall do to Ai and its king as you did to Jericho and its king, except that you may carry off their plunder and livestock for yourselves. Set up an ambush behind the city.”

    Joshua 8:2

    • אֹרֵ֛בʾorevverb · simple (qal), participle · masculine singulartagged: an ambush
  • with these orders: “Pay attention. You are to lie in ambush behind the city, not too far from it. All of you must be ready.

    Joshua 8:4

    • אֹרְבִ֤יםʾorevimverb · simple (qal), participle · masculine pluraltagged: lying in wait
  • you are to rise from the ambush and seize the city, for the LORD your God will deliver it into your hand.

    Joshua 8:7

    • מֵהָ֣אוֹרֵ֔בmehaorevpreposition + the definite article (“the”) + verb · simple (qal), participle · masculine singulartagged: from the ambush
  • Now Joshua had taken about five thousand men and set up an ambush between Bethel and Ai, to the west of the city.

    Joshua 8:12

    • אֹרֵ֗בʾorevverb · simple (qal), participle · masculine singulartagged: an ambush
  • When the king of Ai saw the Israelites, he hurried out early in the morning with the men of the city to engage them in battle at an appointed place overlooking the Arabah. But he did not know that an ambush had been set up against him behind the city.

    Joshua 8:14

    • אֹרֵ֥בʾorevverb · simple (qal), participle · masculine singulartagged: an ambush
  • and as soon as he did so, the men in ambush rose quickly from their position. They rushed forward, entered the city, captured it, and immediately set it on fire.

    Joshua 8:19

    • וְהָאוֹרֵ֡בvehaorevconjunction (“and”) + the definite article (“the”) + verb · simple (qal), participle · masculine singulartagged: and the ambush
  • When Joshua and all Israel saw that the men in ambush had captured the city and that smoke was rising from it, they turned around and struck down the men of Ai.

    Joshua 8:21

    • הָֽאֹרֵב֙haorevthe definite article (“the”) + verb · simple (qal), participle · masculine singulartagged: the ambush

Judges

fourteen uses
  • The leaders of Shechem set up an ambush against Abimelech on the hilltops, and they robbed all who passed by them on the road. So this was reported to Abimelech.

    Judges 9:25

    • מְאָרְבִ֗יםmearevimverb · intensive (piel), participle · masculine pluraltagged: ambushers
  • Now then, tonight you and the people with you are to come and lie in wait in the fields.

    Judges 9:32

    • וֶאֱרֹ֖בveeroconjunction (“and”) + verb · simple (qal), command · 2nd person masculine singulartagged: and lie in wait
  • So Abimelech and all his troops set out by night and lay in wait against Shechem in four companies.

    Judges 9:34

    • וַיֶּאֶרְב֣וּvaiyeervuHc/Vqw3mptagged: and they lay in wait
  • So he took his men, divided them into three companies, and lay in wait in the fields. When he saw the people coming out of the city, he rose up against them and attacked them.

    Judges 9:43

    • וַיֶּאֱרֹ֖בvaiyeeroHc/Vqw3mstagged: and he lay in wait
  • When the Gazites heard that Samson was there, they surrounded that place and lay in wait for him all night at the city gate. They were quiet throughout the night, saying, “Let us wait until dawn; then we will kill him.”

    Judges 16:2

    • וַיֶּאֶרְבוּ־vaiyeervu-Hc/Vqw3mptagged: and they lay in wait
  • While the men were hidden in her room, she called out, “Samson, the Philistines are here!” But he snapped the bowstrings like a strand of yarn seared by a flame. So the source of his strength remained unknown.

    Judges 16:9

    • וְהָאֹרֵ֗בvehaorevconjunction (“and”) + the definite article (“the”) + verb · simple (qal), participle · masculine singulartagged: and the ambusher
  • So Delilah took new ropes, tied him up with them, and called out, “Samson, the Philistines are here!” But while the men were hidden in her room, he snapped the ropes off his arms like they were threads.

    Judges 16:12

    • וְהָאֹרֵ֖בvehaorevconjunction (“and”) + the definite article (“the”) + verb · simple (qal), participle · masculine singulartagged: and the ambusher
  • So Israel set up an ambush around Gibeah.

    Judges 20:29

    • אֹֽרְבִ֔יםʾorevimverb · simple (qal), participle · masculine pluraltagged: ambushers
  • So all the men of Israel got up from their places and arrayed themselves at Baal-tamar, and the Israelites in ambush charged from their positions west of Gibeah.

    Judges 20:33

    • וְאֹרֵ֧בveorevconjunction (“and”) + verb · simple (qal), participle · masculine singular · in construct (“…of”)tagged: and ambusher of
  • Then the Benjamites realized they had been defeated. Now the men of Israel had retreated before Benjamin because they were relying on the ambush they had set against Gibeah.

    Judges 20:36

    • הָ֣אֹרֵ֔בhaorevthe definite article (“the”) + verb · simple (qal), participle · masculine singulartagged: the ambusher
  • The men in ambush rushed suddenly against Gibeah; they advanced and put the whole city to the sword.

    Judges 20:37

    • וְהָאֹרֵ֣בvehaorevconjunction (“and”) + the definite article (“the”) + verb · simple (qal), participle · masculine singulartagged: and the ambusher
    • הָאֹרֵ֔בhaorevthe definite article (“the”) + verb · simple (qal), participle · masculine singulartagged: the ambusher
  • The men of Israel had arranged a signal with the men in ambush: When they sent up a great cloud of smoke from the city,

    Judges 20:38

    • הָאֹרֵ֑בhaorevthe definite article (“the”) + verb · simple (qal), participle · masculine singulartagged: the ambusher
  • So they commanded the Benjamites: “Go, hide in the vineyards

    Judges 21:20

    • וַאֲרַבְתֶּ֥םvaaravtemHc/Vqq2mptagged: and you will lie in wait

1 Samuel

three uses
  • Saul came to the city of Amalek and lay in wait in the valley.

    1 Samuel 15:5

    • וַיָּ֖רֶבvaiyarevHc/Vhw3mstagged: and he lay in wait
  • Is that why all of you have conspired against me? Not one of you told me that my own son had made a covenant with the son of Jesse. Not one of you has shown concern for me or revealed to me that my son has stirred up my own servant to lie in wait against me, as is the case today.”

    1 Samuel 22:8

    • לְאֹרֵ֖בleorevpreposition + verb · simple (qal), participle · masculine singulartagged: to an ambusher
  • And Saul asked him, “Why have you and the son of Jesse conspired against me? You gave him bread and a sword and inquired of God for him so that he could rise up against me to lie in wait, as he is doing today.”

    1 Samuel 22:13

    • לְאֹרֵ֖בleorevpreposition + verb · simple (qal), participle · masculine singulartagged: to an ambusher

2 Chronicles

one use
  • The moment they began their shouts and praises, the LORD set ambushes against the men of Ammon, Moab, and Mount Seir who had come against Judah, and they were defeated.

    2 Chronicles 20:22

    • מְ֠אָֽרְבִיםmearevimverb · intensive (piel), participle · masculine pluraltagged: ambushers

Ezra

one use
  • On the twelfth day of the first month we set out from the Ahava Canal to go to Jerusalem, and the hand of our God was upon us to protect us from the hands of the enemies and bandits along the way.

    Ezra 8:31

    • וְאוֹרֵ֖בveorevconjunction (“and”) + verb · simple (qal), participle · masculine singulartagged: and from an ambusher

Job

one use
  • If my heart has been enticed by my neighbor’s wife, or I have lurked at his door,

    Job 31:9

    • אָרָֽבְתִּי׃ʾaravetiverb · simple (qal), qatal (perfect) · 1st person common singulartagged: I have lain in wait

Psalms

three uses
  • He lies in wait like a lion in a thicket; he lurks to seize the oppressed; he catches the lowly in his net.

    Psalms 10:9

    • יֶאֱרֹ֬בyeeroverb · simple (qal), yiqtol (imperfect) · 3rd person masculine singulartagged: he lies in wait
    • יֶ֭אֱרֹבyeeroverb · simple (qal), yiqtol (imperfect) · 3rd person masculine singulartagged: he lies in wait
  • See how they lie in wait for me. Fierce men conspire against me for no transgression or sin of my own, O LORD.

    Psalms 59:3

    • אָֽרְב֡וּʾarevuverb · simple (qal), qatal (perfect) · 3rd person common pluraltagged: they lie in wait

Proverbs

six uses
  • If they say, “Come along, let us lie in wait for blood, let us ambush the innocent without cause,

    Proverbs 1:11

    • נֶאֶרְבָ֥הneervahverb · simple (qal), infinitive (“to…”) · 1st person common pluraltagged: let us lie in wait
  • But they lie in wait for their own blood; they ambush their own lives.

    Proverbs 1:18

    • יֶאֱרֹ֑בוּyeerouverb · simple (qal), yiqtol (imperfect) · 3rd person masculine pluraltagged: they lie in wait
  • Now in the street, now in the squares, she lurks at every corner.

    Proverbs 7:12

    • תֶאֱרֹֽב׃teeroverb · simple (qal), yiqtol (imperfect) · 3rd person feminine singulartagged: she lies in wait
  • The words of the wicked lie in wait for blood, but the speech of the upright rescues them.

    Proverbs 12:6

    • אֱרָב־ʾerov-verb · simple (qal), infinitive (“to…”)tagged: to lie in wait for
  • Like a robber she lies in wait and multiplies the faithless among men.

    Proverbs 23:28

    • תֶּֽאֱרֹ֑בteeroverb · simple (qal), yiqtol (imperfect) · 3rd person feminine singulartagged: she lies in wait
  • Do not lie in wait, O wicked man, near the dwelling of the righteous; do not destroy his resting place.

    Proverbs 24:15

    • תֶּאֱרֹ֣בteeroverb · simple (qal), jussive (“let him”) · 2nd person masculine singulartagged: you lie in wait

Jeremiah

one use
  • Raise a banner against the walls of Babylon; post the guard; station the watchmen; prepare the ambush. For the LORD has both devised and accomplished what He spoke against the people of Babylon.

    Jeremiah 51:12

    • הָאֹֽרְבִ֑יםhaorevimthe definite article (“the”) + verb · simple (qal), participle · masculine pluraltagged: the ambushers

Lamentations

two uses
  • He is a bear lying in wait, a lion hiding in ambush.

    Lamentations 3:10

    • אֹרֵ֥בʾorevverb · simple (qal), participle · masculine singulartagged: lying in wait
  • Those who chased us were swifter than the eagles in the sky; they pursued us over the mountains and ambushed us in the wilderness.

    Lamentations 4:19

    • אָ֥רְבוּʾarevuverb · simple (qal), qatal (perfect) · 3rd person common pluraltagged: they lay in wait

Micah

one use
  • The godly man has perished from the earth; there is no one upright among men. They all lie in wait for blood; they hunt one another with a net.

    Micah 7:2

    • יֶאֱרֹ֔בוּyeerouverb · simple (qal), yiqtol (imperfect) · 3rd person masculine pluraltagged: they lie in wait

The letters

Where it leads

How the numbers are counted

Every count on this page comes from STEP Bible's tagged Hebrew and Greek text, the same text the ledger prints. A use is counted once each time the tagging marks a word with this key.

Spellings are counted as the Greek text spells them, with the sentence's own punctuation taken off the word first, so a form that ends a clause is not counted as a second spelling.

The words it stands beside are the nouns, verbs and adjectives immediately before or after it, counted in every verse where the word stands. The article, the conjunctions and the prepositions are left out, because they stand beside every word.

The family is read from the lexicon by the stem the two words share, with the accents off, and a person or a place named on the stem is left out.

Hebrew and Greek text, word tagging and grammar: STEP Bible (www.STEPBible.org), Tyndale House, CC BY 4.0. Their grammar codes are written out in English here and shown as tagged beside each one.

Meaning and senses: STEP Bible TBESH gloss (Tyndale House, CC BY 4.0).

Dictionary key: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance of the Bible (1890, public domain). English verse text: Berean Standard Bible (public domain, 2023).

Revised 2026-09-05. Every cited work, the sources registry →