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Isaiah 28:15

in Isaiah 28

For you said, “We have made a covenant with death; we have fashioned an agreement with Sheol. When the overwhelming scourge passes through it will not touch us, because we have made lies our refuge and falsehood our hiding place.”

BSB

The same verse in ASV and KJV ▾

ASV

Because ye have said, We have made a covenant with death, and with Sheol are we at agreement; when the overflowing scourge shall pass through, it shall not come unto us; for we have made lies our refuge, and under falsehood have we hid ourselves:

KJV

Because ye have said, We have made a covenant with death, and with hell are we at agreement; when the overflowing scourge shall pass through, it shall not come unto us: for we have made lies our refuge, and under falsehood have we hid ourselves:

This verse in Isaiah 28

Commentary

14 notes on this verse

A commentator

Thomas Aquinas

Commentary on Isaiah · Written before 1274.

One in which they trusted, namely, a covenant with idols; hence he places the covenant: we have entered into a league with death, that is, with the devil: will he make a covenant with you, and will you take him to be a servant for …

This site's exposition

O scoffers who rule this people

on Isaiah 28:14-15

The rulers are named directly, "O scoffers who rule this people in Jerusalem". Their boast is quoted, "We have made a covenant with death", a pact they trust to keep "the overwhelming scourge" from touching them. The same verse names their confidence: "we have made lies our refuge".

This site's exposition

We have made a covenant with death

Albert Barnes reads the covenant with death as the people's conduct put into words. The rulers of Jerusalem lived as securely as if death and Sheol had signed a pact to spare them from the coming scourge. Their refuge of lies was that confidence.

The record, by era

The Church Fathers4 voices

A commentator

Verecundus of Junca

COMMENTARY ON THE CANTICLE OF EXODUS 1:3 · Written before 552.

proposed

"He has become my help and my protector unto salvation." They are said to be helpers who grant us their cooperation through specific acts. Protectors, however, are those who defend us with their power. Protection can take a variety of forms. For some, God is …

A commentator

Cyril of Jerusalem

Catechetical Lecture 1:9 · Written before 386.

proposed

When you renounce Satan, trampling underfoot every covenant with him, then you annul that ancient "league with hell," and God's paradise opens before you, that Eden, planted in the east, from which for his transgression our first father was banished.

A commentator

Jerome

Commentary on Isaiah · Written before 420.

proposed

(Verse 14, 15). Therefore, hear the word of the Lord, you mockers who rule over my people in Jerusalem. For you have said: We have made a covenant with death, and with the grave we have made a pact. When the overwhelming whip passes through, it will not come to us, for we have made falsehood our refuge, and we have hidden behind deceit.

A commentator

Tertullian

AGAINST MARCION 4.27 · Written before 220.

proposed

What, then, are the burdens that he censures? None but those which they were accumulating of their own accord, when they taught for commandments the doctrines of men; for the sake of private advantage joining house to house, so as to deprive their neighbor of his own; cajoling the people, loving gifts, pursuing rewards, robbing the poor of the right of judgment, that they might have the widow for a prey and the fatherless for a spoil. Of these Isaiah also says, "woe to them that are strong in Jerusalem!"

The Puritans and the Awakening1 voice

A commentator

Matthew Henry

1662–1714

Commentary on the Whole Bible (1710)

proposed

All this is confirmed by a comparison borrowed from the method which the husbandman takes with his ground and grain, according to which they must expect God would proceed with his people, whom he had lately called his threshing and the corn of his floor ( ch. xxi.

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6 more voices on this verse

The Puritans and the Awakening3 voices

A commentator

Matthew Henry

1662–1714

Commentary on the Whole Bible (1710)

proposed

If we be at peace with God, and have made a covenant with him, we have in effect made a covenant with death that it shall come in the fittest time, that whenever it comes, it shall be no terror to us, nor do us any real damage; death is ours if we be Christ's ( 1 Cor. iii.

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A commentator

John Wesley

1703–1791

Explanatory Notes upon the Old Testament (1765)

proposed

We - We are as safe from death, and hell, or the grave, as if they had entered into covenant with us. The scourge - The judgment of God. For - We shall secure ourselves by lying and dissimulation.
Because ye have said,.... Within themselves; they thought so, if they did not say it in express words; and their conduct and behaviour showed that these were the sentiments and presumptions of their minds: We have made a covenant with death, and with hell are we at agreement: as safe from death, and secure from hell, or the grave, as if a covenant and compact had been formally entered into between them. The phrases are expressive of their being fearless of them, and of their confidence and assurance that they should not be hurt by them.

The Nineteenth Century3 voices

We have made a covenant with death - We are not to suppose that they had formally said this, but that their conduct was as if they had said it; they lived as securely as if they had entered into a compact with death not to destroy them, and with hell not to devour them. The figure is a very bold one, and is designed to express the extraordinary stupidity of the nation. It is most strikingly descriptive of the great mass of people.

A commentator

Jamieson, Fausset & Brown

1802–1910

Commentary Critical and Explanatory on the Whole Bible (1871)

proposed

The full meaning is shown by the language ("covenant with death--hell," or sheol) to apply to all lulled in false security spiritually (Ps 12:4; Jer 8:11); the godly alone are in covenant with death (Job 5:23;

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A commentator

Adam Clarke

1762–1832

Commentary on the Bible · Written before 1832.

proposed

A covenant with death - To be in covenant with, is a kind of proverbial expression to denote perfect security from evil and mischief of any sort: - “For thou shalt be in league with the stones of the field; And the beasts of the field shall be at peace with thee.” Job 5:23. “And I will make a covenant for them with the beasts of the field. And with the fowls of heaven, and with the creeping things of the ground.” Hos 2:18. That is, none of these shall hurt them. But Lucan, speaking of the Psylli, whose peculiar property it was to be unhurt by the bite of serpents, with which their country abounded, comes still nearer to the expression of Isaiah in this place: - Gens unica terras Incolit a saevo serpentum innoxia morsu Marmaridae Psylli. - Pax illis cum morte data est. Pharsal. 9:891. “Of all who scorching Afric’s sun endure, None like the swarthy Psyllians are secure: With healing gifts and privileges graced, Well in the land of serpents were they placed: Truce with the dreadful tyrant death they have, And border safely on his realm the grave.” Rowe. We have made a covenant with death and with hell are we at agreement - עשינו חזה asinu chozeh, we have made a vision, we have had an interview, struck a bargain, and settled all preliminaries. So they had made a covenant with hell by diabolic sacrifice, כרתנו ברית carathnu beritth. “We have cut the covenant sacrifice;” they divided it for the contracting parties to pass between the separated victim; for the victim was split exactly down the middle, so that even the spinal marrow was exactly divided through its whole length; and being set opposite to each other, the contracting parties entered, one at the head part, the other at the feet; and, meeting in the center, took the covenant oath. […]

How the passage was read

What the Jewish commentators add

On the verses either side of this one

the allegorists of this people who express their scorn as an allegory, such as:
Rashi: France, 1040–1105 · Rashi on Isaiah 28:14:1, via Sefaria, The Judaica Press complete Tanach with Rashi, translated by A. J. Rosenberg

This section is reception history: how the passage was read and kept in the Jewish tradition. Where a reading parts from an essential of the Christian faith, the section says so at that point.

Texts and citation data: Sefaria; each excerpt follows its version’s licence. 3 further sources are cited on this chapter that carry no English text this site may quote or only restate the verse.

The words behind it

22 Hebrew words

Every Hebrew word of this verse in the order it stands, with what it means and the door to its own study. The last column counts the times a word stands in the whole Bible: the rarer the word, the more the places it appears belong together.

  • כִּ֣יfor

    kiH3588 →4482 times

  • אֲמַרְתֶּ֗םyou have said

    ʾamartemH559 →5305 times

  • כָּרַ֤תְנֽוּwe have made

    karatnuH3772 →288 times

  • בְרִית֙a covenant

    veritH1285 →284 times

  • אֶת־with

    ʾet-H854 →929 times

  • מָ֔וֶתdeath

    mavetH4194 →156 times

  • וְעִם־and with

    veim-H5973 →1050 times

  • שְׁא֖וֹלSheol

    sheolH7585 →66 times

  • עָשִׂ֣ינוּwe have made

    ʾasinuH6213 →2628 times

  • חֹזֶ֑הan agreement

    chozehH2374 →17 times

  • שׁ֣וֹטa scourge

    shitH7752 →11 times

  • שׁוֹטֵ֤ףoverflowing

    shotefH7857 →31 times

  • כִּֽי־if

    ki-H3588 →4482 times

  • יַֽעֲבֹר֙it will pass by

    avarH5674 →556 times

  • לֹ֣אnot

    lo'H3808 →5168 times

  • יְבוֹאֵ֔נוּit will come to us

    yevoenuH935 →2568 times

  • כִּ֣יfor

    kiH3588 →4482 times

  • שַׂ֧מְנוּwe have made

    samnuH7760 →584 times

  • כָזָ֛בfalsehood

    khazavH3577 →

  • מַחְסֵ֖נוּrefuge our

    machsenuH4268 →20 times

  • וּבַשֶּׁ֥קֶרand in <the> deception

    uvashekerH8267 →113 times

  • נִסְתָּֽרְנוּ׃ סwe have hidden ourselves

    nistarenuH5641 →80 times

A shaded row is a word that stands 400 times or fewer in the Bible.

The walk

8 stops

Each card is a verse this one points to, and under it the verses that one points to in turn. Where several paths arrive at the same place, that place is listed first: the text keeps returning to it.

  • Through

    Ecclesiastes 8:8

    As no man has power over the wind to contain it, so no one has authority over his day of death. As no one can be discharged in wartime, so wickedness will not release…

    it leads to

    • Psalms 89:48

      What man can live and never see death? Can he deliver his soul from the power of Sheol? Selah

    • Job 14:5

      Since his days are determined and the number of his months is with You, and since You have set limits that he cannot exceed,

  • Through

    Hosea 2:18

    On that day I will make a covenant for them with the beasts of the field and the birds of the air and the creatures that crawl on the ground. And I will abolish…

    it leads to

    • Ezekiel 34:25

      I will make with them a covenant of peace and rid the land of wild animals, so that they may dwell securely in the wilderness and sleep in the forest.

    • Ezekiel 39:9–10

      Then those who dwell in the cities of Israel will go out, kindle fires, and burn up the weapons—the bucklers and shields, the bows and arrows, the clubs and spears. For seven years they…

    • Isaiah 11:6–9

      The wolf will live with the lamb, and the leopard will lie down with the goat; the calf and young lion and fatling will be together, and a little child will lead them.

    • Psalms 46:9

      He makes wars to cease throughout the earth; He breaks the bow and shatters the spear; He burns the shields in the fire.

  • Through

    Isaiah 28:18

    Your covenant with death will be dissolved, and your agreement with Sheol will not stand. When the overwhelming scourge passes through, you will be trampled by it.

    it leads to

    • Isaiah 7:7

      But this is what the Lord GOD says: ‘It will not arise; it will not happen.

    • Isaiah 8:10

      Devise a plan, but it will be thwarted; state a proposal, but it will not happen. For God is with us.”

Where this verse is studied

About Isaiah

The Prophet Isaiah, Gustave Doré, 1866. Public domain.
The Prophet Isaiah, Gustave Doré, 1866. Public domain.
This page draws on 12 works. Open the list of works

This page draws on Adam Clarke, Commentary on the Bible; Albert Barnes, Notes, Explanatory and Practical, on the Old and New Testaments (1832-1869); Cyril of Jerusalem, Catechetical Lecture 1:9; Jamieson, Fausset & Brown, Commentary Critical and Explanatory on the Whole Bible; Jerome, Commentary on Isaiah; John Calvin, Commentary on the Book of the Prophet Isaiah; John Gill, Exposition of the Old Testament (1748-1763); John Wesley, Explanatory Notes upon the Old Testament; Matthew Henry, Commentary on the Whole Bible; Tertullian, AGAINST MARCION 4.27; Thomas Aquinas, Commentary on Isaiah and Verecundus of Junca, COMMENTARY ON THE CANTICLE OF EXODUS 1:3.