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1 Kings 18:21

in 1 Kings 18

Then Elijah approached all the people and said, “How long will you waver between two opinions? If the LORD is God, follow Him. But if Baal is God, follow him.” But the people did not answer a word.

BSB

The same verse in ASV and KJV

ASV

And Elijah came near unto all the people, and said, How long go ye limping between the two sides? if Jehovah be God, follow him; but if Baal, then follow him. And the people answered him not a word.

KJV

And Elijah came unto all the people, and said, How long halt ye between two opinions? if the Lord be God, follow him: but if Baal, then follow him. And the people answered him not a word.

This verse in 1 Kings 18

Commentary

11 notes on this verse
The people were mute. They could not but feel the logical force of Elijah’s argument; but they were not prepared at once to act upon it. They wished to unite the worship of Yahweh with that of Baal - to avoid breaking with the past and completely rejecting the old national worship, yet at the same time to have the enjoyment of the new rites, which were certainly sensuous, and probably impure.

This site's exposition

between two opinions

The word rendered halt means to limp, and the chapter uses it twice on purpose: the people limp between two opinions here, and Baal's prophets leap, the same verb, about their altar at verse 26. Elijah's demand refuses the mixture Israel had settled into, the LORD and Baal both, which 2 Ki 17:33 will later name as the Samaritan disease, they feared the LORD, and served their own gods. The people answer not a word, because the question permits no third position.

The record, by era

The Puritans and the Awakening3 voices

A commentator

Matthew Henry

1662–1714

Commentary on the Whole Bible (1710)

The service of God and the service of sin, the dominion of Christ and the dominion of our lusts, these are the two thoughts which it is dangerous halting between.

A commentator

John Wesley

1703–1791

Explanatory Notes upon the Old Testament (1765)

proposed

And said - Why do you walk so lamely and unevenly, being so unsteady in your opinions and practices, and doubting whether it is better to worship God or Baal? If the Lord - Whom you pretend to worship. Follow - Worship him, and him only, and that in such place and manner as he hath commanded you.
And Elijah came unto all the people,....

The Nineteenth Century2 voices

A commentator

Jamieson, Fausset & Brown

1802–1910

Commentary Critical and Explanatory on the Whole Bible (1871)

proposed

In vain did they continue invoking their senseless deity from morning till noon, and from noon till evening, uttering the most piercing cries, using the most frantic gesticulations, and mingling their blood with the sacrifice. Elijah exposed their folly and imposture with the severest irony and, as the day was far advanced, commenced his operations.
IT WAS A DAY to be remembered, when the multitudes of Israel were assembled at the foot of Carmel and when the solitary prophet of the Lord came forth to defy the four hundred and fifty priests of the false god. We might look upon that scene with the eye of historical curiosity, and we should find it rich with interest. Instead of doing so, however, we shall look upon it with the eye of attentive consideration, and see whether we can not improve by its teachings.
4 more voices on this verse

The Nineteenth Century2 voices

IT WAS A DAY to be remembered, when the multitudes of Israel were assembled at the foot of Carmel and when the solitary prophet of the Lord came forth to defy the four hundred and fifty priests of the false god. We might look upon that scene with the eye of historical curiosity, and we should find it rich with interest. Instead of doing so, however, we shall look upon it with the eye of attentive consideration, and see whether we can not improve by its teachings. We have upon that hill of Carmel, and along the plain, three kinds of persons. We have first the devoted servant of Jehovah, a solitary prophet; we have, on the other hand, the decided servants of the evil one, the four hundred and fifty prophets of Baal; but the vast mass of that day belonged to a third class—they were those who had not fully determined whether fully to worship Jehovah, the God of their fathers, or Baal, the god of Jezebel. On the one hand, their ancient traditions led them to fear Jehovah, and on the other hand, their interest at court led them to bow before Baal. Many of them therefore, were secret and half-hearted followers of Jehovah, while they were the public worshipers of Baal. The whole of them at this juncture were halting between two opinions. Elijah does not address his sermon to the priests of Baal; he will have something to say to them by-and-by, he will preach them horrible sermons in deeds of blood. Nor has he aught to say to those who are the thorough servants of Jehovah, for they are not there; but his discourse is alone directed to those who are halting between two opinions. Now, we have these three classes here this morning.

A commentator

Adam Clarke

1762–1832

Commentary on the Bible · Written before 1832.

proposed

How long halt ye between two opinions? - Literally, “How long hop ye about upon two boughs?” This is a metaphor taken from birds hopping about from bough to bough, not knowing on which to settle. Perhaps the idea of limping through lameness should not be overlooked. They were halt, they could not walk uprightly; they dreaded Jehovah, and therefore could not totally abandon him; they feared the king and queen, and therefore thought they must embrace the religion of the state. Their conscience forbade them to do the former; their fear of man persuaded them to do the latter, but in neither were they heartily engaged; and at this juncture their minds seemed in equipoise, and they were waiting for a favorable opportunity to make their decision. Such an opportunity now, through the mercy of God, presented itself.

Modern Voices2 voices

A commentator

GK Chesterton

All Things Considered, The Error of Impartiality (1908) (1908)

proposed

It is sometimes made an objection, for instance, to a juror that he has formed some prima-facie opinion upon a case: if he can be forced under sharp questioning to admit that he has formed such an opinion, he is regarded as manifestly unfit to …

A commentator

GK Chesterton

Alarms and Discursions, The Sentimentalist (1910) (1910)

proposed

The Sentimentalist, roughly speaking, is the man who wants to eat his cake and have it. He has no sense of honour about ideas; he will not see that one must pay for an idea as for anything else. He will not see that any …

How the passage was read

What the Jewish commentators add

Two concepts. Two thoughts, because you do not know how to decide who is God.
Rashi: France, 1040–1105 · Rashi on I Kings 18:21:1, via Sefaria, The Metsudah Tanach series, Lakewood, N.J

This section is reception history: how the passage was read and kept in the Jewish tradition. Where a reading parts from an essential of the Christian faith, the section says so at that point.

Texts and citation data: Sefaria; each excerpt follows its version’s licence. 6 further sources are cited on this chapter that carry no English text this site may quote or only restate the verse.

The words behind it

27 Hebrew words

Every Hebrew word of this verse in the order it stands, with what it means and the door to its own study. The last column counts the times a word stands in the whole Bible: the rarer the word, the more the places it appears belong together.

  • וַיִּגַּ֨שׁand he drew near

    vaiyigashH5066125 times

  • אֵלִיָּ֜הוּElijah

    ʾeliyahuH45271 times

  • אֶל־to

    ʾel-H4135510 times

  • כָּל־all

    kol-H36055413 times

  • הָעָ֗םthe people

    haamH59711873 times

  • וַיֹּ֙אמֶר֙and he said

    vaiyomerH5595305 times

  • עַד־until

    ʾad-H57041261 times

  • מָתַ֞יwhen?

    mataiH4970

  • אַתֶּ֣ם[will] you

    ʾatemH8591094 times

  • פֹּסְחִים֮[be] limping

    posechimH6452

  • עַל־on

    ʾal-H59215755 times

  • שְׁתֵּ֣י[the] two

    sheteiH8147768 times

  • הַסְּעִפִּים֒the crutches

    haseipimH5587

  • אִם־if

    ʾim-H5181069 times

  • יְהוָ֤הYahweh

    yahwehH30686520 times

  • הָֽאֱלֹהִים֙[is] <the> God

    haelohimH4302601 times

  • לְכ֣וּwalk

    lekhuH19801546 times

  • אַחֲרָ֔יוafter him

    ʾacharavH310715 times

  • וְאִם־and if

    veim-H5181069 times

  • הַבַּ֖עַל<the> Baal

    habaalH116882 times

  • לְכ֣וּwalk

    lekhuH19801546 times

  • אַחֲרָ֑יוafter him

    ʾacharavH310715 times

  • וְלֹֽא־and not

    velo'-H38085168 times

  • עָנ֥וּthey answered

    ʾanuH6030331 times

  • הָעָ֛םthe people

    haamH59711873 times

  • אֹת֖וֹ<obj.> him

    ʾotoH85310935 times

  • דָּבָֽר׃a word

    davarH16971440 times

A shaded row is a word that stands 400 times or fewer in the Bible.

The walk

8 stops

Each card is a verse this one points to, and under it the verses that one points to in turn. Where several paths arrive at the same place, that place is listed first: the text keeps returning to it.

  • Through

    1 Samuel 7:3

    Then Samuel said to all the house of Israel, “If you are returning to the LORD with all your hearts, then rid yourselves of the foreign gods and Ashtoreths among you, prepare your hearts…

    it leads to

    • Luke 4:8

      But Jesus answered, “It is written: ‘Worship the Lord your God and serve Him only.’”

    • Deuteronomy 13:4

      You are to follow the LORD your God and fear Him. Keep His commandments and listen to His voice; serve Him and hold fast to Him.

    • Matthew 4:10

      “Away from Me, Satan!” Jesus declared. “For it is written: ‘Worship the Lord your God and serve Him only.’”

    • Deuteronomy 6:13

      Fear the LORD your God, serve Him only, and take your oaths in His name.

  • Through

    Joshua 24:15

    But if it is unpleasing in your sight to serve the LORD, then choose for yourselves this day whom you will serve, whether the gods your fathers served beyond the Euphrates, or the gods…

    it leads to

    • John 6:67–68

      So Jesus asked the Twelve, “Do you want to leave too?”

    • Ruth 1:15–16

      “Look,” said Naomi, “your sister-in-law has gone back to her people and her gods; follow her back home.”

  • Through

    Matthew 6:24

    No one can serve two masters: Either he will hate the one and love the other, or he will be devoted to the one and despise the other. You cannot serve both God and…

    it leads to

    • 1 John 2:15–16

      Do not love the world or anything in the world. If anyone loves the world, the love of the Father is not in him.

    • Luke 16:13

      No servant can serve two masters. Either he will hate the one and love the other, or he will be devoted to the one and despise the other. You cannot serve both God and…

Where this verse is studied

About 1 Kings

The Prophets of Baal Are Slaughtered — Gustave Doré, Doré's English Bible (1866), public domain
The Prophets of Baal Are Slaughtered — Gustave Doré, Doré's English Bible (1866), public domain
This page draws on 10 works. Open the list of works

This page draws on Adam Clarke, Commentary on the Bible; Albert Barnes, Notes, Explanatory and Practical, on the Old and New Testaments (1832-1869); Charles Spurgeon, The New Park Street Pulpit, Sermon No. 134: “Elijah's Appeal to the Undecided” (lightly modernized text, CCEL edition); GK Chesterton, All Things Considered, The Error of Impartiality (1908); GK Chesterton, Alarms and Discursions, The Sentimentalist (1910); Jamieson, Fausset & Brown, Commentary Critical and Explanatory on the Whole Bible; John Gill, Exposition of the Old Testament (1748-1763); John Wesley, Explanatory Notes upon the Old Testament; Keil, The Books of the Kings and Matthew Henry, Commentary on the Whole Bible.