2 Chronicleschapter 34
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Speaks with:2 Chronicles 33×52 Chronicles 34×42 Kings 22×42 Kings 23×4Deuteronomy 28×3Joshua 1×3
Summary
Chapter summary
Josiah, king at eight, begins in his eighth year, 'while he was yet young,' to seek the God of David his father; in the twelfth he purges Judah and Jerusalem of the high places, Asherim, and images, breaking the altars in his presence and burning the priests' bones upon them, carrying the work north as far as Naphtali. In his eighteenth year, while the house is repaired, Hilkiah finds the book of the law given by Moses; Shaphan reads it, and Josiah rends his clothes. Huldah the prophetess confirms the curses but says the king will be spared their sight, 'because thy heart was tender, and thou didst humble thyself before God.' He reads the covenant to all the people.
Context
History · Ezra — 2 Chronicles overview
- A. 1–7 A young king purges Judah and Israel of its idols
- B. 8–13 Money put into the hands of workmen who dealt faithfully
- C. 14–21 The book of the law found, and Josiah rends his clothes
- D. 22–28 Huldah's answer: because thy heart was tender
- E. 29–33 The covenant read aloud and made to stand
The outline
A.A young king purges Judah and Israel of its idolsvv. 1 to 7
Read vv. 1 to 7 →B.Money put into the hands of workmen who dealt faithfullyvv. 8 to 13
Read vv. 8 to 13 →C.The book of the law found, and Josiah rends his clothesvv. 14 to 21
Read vv. 14 to 21 →D.Huldah's answer: because thy heart was tendervv. 22 to 28
Read vv. 22 to 28 →E.The covenant read aloud and made to standvv. 29 to 33
Read vv. 29 to 33 →
The world behind this chapter
2 Chronicles 34The history
Josiah came to the throne at eight, began to seek God at sixteen, and started demolishing shrines at twenty. The purge is described physically: altars broken down, incense stands cut off, carved and cast images broken into powder and scattered over the graves of the people who had sacrificed to them, and the bones of their priests burned on their own altars.
The reform reaches deep into the north — Manasseh, Ephraim, Simeon, as far as Naphtali. A king of Judah could only do that because Assyria was collapsing in those exact years, and the political vacuum let Jerusalem act in territory it had not touched for a century.
The repair fund is a working system. Levite doorkeepers had collected money from Manasseh, Ephraim, all the remnant of Israel, Judah, Benjamin, and the residents of Jerusalem; it was handed to the foremen and paid out to carpenters and builders for dressed stone and for timber to make couplings and beams for the buildings the kings of Judah had let fall apart. And the auditors' note is one of the finest lines in the book: no accounting was required of them, because they dealt faithfully.
During that work Hilkiah the priest found the book of the law of the LORD given by Moses. Scrolls stored in a temple that had been shut, plundered, and refilled with idols could easily be lost for a generation; finding one during structural repairs is exactly how such things are found.
Shaphan the scribe read it to the king, and the king tore his clothes. The word was sought from Huldah the prophetess, who lived in the second quarter of Jerusalem — and she was consulted while Jeremiah and Zephaniah were both active prophets, which the text records without comment. Her answer had two parts: the judgment written in the book would come, and Josiah would not live to see it.
What it meant to them
Ezra and Nehemiah staged the same scene: a book brought out, read aloud from morning until midday, the people standing, weeping, and then bound by covenant to keep it.
This chapter told them what a found and read book can do to a nation — and, in Huldah's answer, that a genuine reform can be real and still not cancel a judgment already earned.
Sources cited
- Roland de Vaux, Ancient Israel: Its Life and Institutions
- K. A. Kitchen, On the Reliability of the Old Testament
The text of this chapter
This page carries no textual note on 2 Chronicles 34. Where this site has examined a place the manuscripts differ, the examination is in the manuscripts room. Every place this site examines →
This page draws on Jamieson, Fausset & Brown, Commentary Critical and Explanatory; John Wesley, Notes on the Old Testament and Matthew Henry, Complete Commentary.
