1 Samuelchapter 19
24 verses · BSB1 Samuel book hub →
David Escapes through a Window, Gustave Doré, Doré's English Bible (1866), public domain
Original Language
1 Samuel 19— Hebrew word study · with the Hebrew tradition
How to read a word below: the Hebrewword, then how it sounds, then what it means, then its number in Strong’s concordance, a widely used lookup this site follows (H for Hebrew and Aramaic, G for Greek). Square brackets hold a word the English supplies that the Hebrew does not, angle brackets mark the Hebrew’s own grammatical elements that English renders as separate words, and the mark ס or פ is where the Hebrew manuscripts end a paragraph.
Jonathan pleads and wins a reprieve1
1 Samuel 19:1· Hebrew and glosses: STEP Bible
וַיְדַבֵּ֣רvaydaberand he spokeH1696שָׁא֗וּלshaulSaulH7586אֶל־ʾel-toH413יוֹנָתָ֤ןyonatanJonathanH3129בְּנוֹ֙benoson hisH1121וְאֶל־veel-and toH413כָּל־kol-allH3605עֲבָדָ֔יוʾavadavservants hisH5650לְהָמִ֖יתlehamitto killH4191אֶת־ʾet-<obj.>H853דָּוִ֑דdavidDavidH1732וִיהֽוֹנָתָן֙vihonatanand JonathanH3083בֶּן־ben-[the] son ofH1121שָׁא֔וּלshaulSaulH7586חָפֵ֥ץchafetzhe delightedH2654בְּדָוִ֖דbedavidin DavidH1732מְאֹֽד׃meodexceedinglyH3966
1 Samuel 19:2· Hebrew and glosses: STEP Bible
וַיַּגֵּ֤דvaiyagedand he toldH5046יְהוֹנָתָן֙yehonatanJonathanH3083לְדָוִ֣דledavidto DavidH1732לֵאמֹ֔רlemor<to> sayingH559מְבַקֵּ֛שׁmevakesh[is] seekingH1245שָׁא֥וּלshaulSaulH7586אָבִ֖יʾavifather myH1לַהֲמִיתֶ֑ךָlahamitekhato kill youH4191וְעַתָּה֙veatahand thereforeH6258הִשָּֽׁמֶר־hishamer-take careH8104נָ֣אna'pleaseH4994בַבֹּ֔קֶרvabokerin the morningH1242וְיָשַׁבְתָּ֥veyashavtaand you will remainH3427בַסֵּ֖תֶרvaseterin the hiding placeH5643וְנַחְבֵּֽאתָ׃venachbetaand you will hide yourselfH2244
1 Samuel 19:3· Hebrew and glosses: STEP Bible
וַאֲנִ֨יvaaniand IH589אֵצֵ֜אʾetze'I will go outH3318וְעָמַדְתִּ֣יveamadtiand I will standH5975לְיַד־leyad-to [the] side ofH3027אָבִ֗יʾavifather myH1בַּשָּׂדֶה֙basadehin the fieldH7704אֲשֶׁ֣רʾasherwhereH834אַתָּ֣הʾatahyouH859שָׁ֔םsham[are] thereH8033וַאֲנִ֕יvaaniand IH589אֲדַבֵּ֥רʾadaberI will speakH1696בְּךָ֖bekhain <the> youאֶל־ʾel-toH413אָבִ֑יʾavifather myH1וְרָאִ֥יתִיveraitiand I will seeH7200מָ֖הmahwhateverH4100וְהִגַּ֥דְתִּיvehigadtiand I will tellH5046לָֽךְ׃ סlakhto <the> you
1 Samuel 19:4· Hebrew and glosses: STEP Bible
וַיְדַבֵּ֨רvaydaberand he spokeH1696יְהוֹנָתָ֤ןyehonatanJonathanH3083בְּדָוִד֙bedavidin DavidH1732ט֔וֹבtovgoodH2896אֶל־ʾel-toH413שָׁא֖וּלshaulSaulH7586אָבִ֑יוʾavivfather hisH1וַיֹּ֣אמֶרvaiyomerand he saidH559אֵ֠לָיוʾelavto himH413אַל־ʾal-may notH408יֶחֱטָ֨אyecheta'he sinH2398הַמֶּ֜לֶךְhamelekhthe kingH4428בְּעַבְדּ֣וֹbeavdoagainst servant hisH5650בְדָוִ֗דvedavidagainst DavidH1732כִּ֣יkiforH3588ל֤וֹאlo'notH3808חָטָא֙chata'he has sinnedH2398לָ֔ךְlakhto <the> youוְכִ֥יvekhiand forH3588מַעֲשָׂ֖יוmaasavdeeds hisH4639טוֹב־tov-[are] goodH2896לְךָ֥lekhafor <the> youמְאֹֽד׃meodexceedinglyH3966
1 Samuel 19:5· Hebrew and glosses: STEP Bible
וַיָּשֶׂם֩vaiyasemand he putH7760אֶת־ʾet-<obj.>H853נַפְשׁ֨וֹnafsholife hisH5315בְכַפּ֜וֹvekhapoin palm hisH3709וַיַּ֣ךְvaiyakhand he struck downH5221אֶת־ʾet-<obj.>H853הַפְּלִשְׁתִּ֗יhapelishtithe PhilistineH6430וַיַּ֨עַשׂvaiyaasand he madeH6213יְהוָ֜הyahwehYahwehH3068תְּשׁוּעָ֤הteshuaha deliveranceH8668גְדוֹלָה֙gedolahgreatH1419לְכָל־lekholfor allH3605יִשְׂרָאֵ֔לyisraelIsraelH3478רָאִ֖יתָraitayou sawH7200וַתִּשְׂמָ֑חvatismachand you rejoicedH8055וְלָ֤מָּהvelamahand <to> why?H4100תֶֽחֱטָא֙techeta'will you sinH2398בְּדָ֣םbedamagainst bloodH1818נָקִ֔יnakiinnocentH5355לְהָמִ֥יתlehamitby killingH4191אֶת־ʾet-<obj.>H853דָּוִ֖דdavidDavidH1732חִנָּֽם׃chinamwithout causeH2600
1 Samuel 19:6· Hebrew and glosses: STEP Bible
וַיִּשְׁמַ֥עvaiyishma'and he listenedH8085שָׁא֖וּלshaulSaulH7586בְּק֣וֹלbekolto [the] voice ofH6963יְהוֹנָתָ֑ןyehonatanJonathanH3083וַיִּשָּׁבַ֣עvaiyishava'and he swore an oathH7650שָׁא֔וּלshaulSaulH7586חַי־chai-[by] [the] lifeH2416יְהוָ֖הyahwehof YahwehH3068אִם־ʾim-ifH518יוּמָֽת׃yumathe will be put to deathH4191
1 Samuel 19:7· Hebrew and glosses: STEP Bible
וַיִּקְרָ֤אvaiyikra'and he calledH7121יְהוֹנָתָן֙yehonatanJonathanH3083לְדָוִ֔דledavidto DavidH1732וַיַּגֶּד־vaiyaged-and he toldH5046לוֹ֙loto <the> himיְה֣וֹנָתָ֔ןyehonatanJonathanH3083אֵ֥תʾet<obj.>H853כָּל־kol-allH3605הַדְּבָרִ֖יםhadevarimthe wordsH1697הָאֵ֑לֶּהhaeleh<the> theseH428וַיָּבֵ֨אvaiyave'and he broughtH935יְהוֹנָתָ֤ןyehonatanJonathanH3083אֶת־ʾet-<obj.>H853דָּוִד֙davidDavidH1732אֶל־ʾel-toH413שָׁא֔וּלshaulSaulH7586וַיְהִ֥יvayhiand he wasH1961לְפָנָ֖יוlefanav<to> before himH6440כְּאֶתְמ֥וֹלkeetmolas yesterdayH865שִׁלְשֽׁוֹם׃ סshilshomthree days agoH8032
An image in the bed, and escape through a window8
1 Samuel 19:8· Hebrew and glosses: STEP Bible
וַתּ֥וֹסֶףvatosefand it repeatedH3254הַמִּלְחָמָ֖הhamilchamahthe warH4421לִֽהְי֑וֹתlihyotto beH1961וַיֵּצֵ֨אvaiyetze'and he went outH3318דָוִ֜דdavidDavidH1732וַיִּלָּ֣חֶםvaiyilachemand he foughtH3898בַּפְּלִשְׁתִּ֗יםbapelishtimagainst the PhilistinesH6430וַיַּ֤ךְvaiyakhand he defeatedH5221בָּהֶם֙bahem<in> <the> themמַכָּ֣הmakaha defeatH4347גְדוֹלָ֔הgedolahgreatH1419וַיָּנֻ֖סוּvaiyanusuand they fledH5127מִפָּנָֽיו׃mipanavfrom before himH6440
1 Samuel 19:9· Hebrew and glosses: STEP Bible
וַתְּהִי֩vatehiand it wasH1961ר֨וּחַruacha spirit ofH7307יְהוָ֤ה׀yahwehYahwehH3068רָעָה֙raahevilH7451אֶל־ʾel-toH413שָׁא֔וּלshaulSaulH7586וְהוּא֙vehu'and heH1931בְּבֵית֣וֹbeveitoin house hisH1004יוֹשֵׁ֔בyoshev[was] sittingH3427וַחֲנִית֖וֹvachanitoand spear hisH2595בְּיָד֑וֹbeyado[was] in hand hisH3027וְדָוִ֖דvedavidand DavidH1732מְנַגֵּ֥ןmenagen[was] playing an instrumentH5059בְּיָֽד׃beyadwith handH3027
1 Samuel 19:10· Hebrew and glosses: STEP Bible
וַיְבַקֵּ֨שׁvayvakeshand he soughtH1245שָׁא֜וּלshaulSaulH7586לְהַכּ֤וֹתlehakotto strikeH5221בַּֽחֲנִית֙bachanitwith the spearH2595בְּדָוִ֣דbedavid<on> DavidH1732וּבַקִּ֔ירuvakirand <on> the wallH7023וַיִּפְטַר֙vaiyiftarand he escapedH6362מִפְּנֵ֣יmipeneifrom beforeH6440שָׁא֔וּלshaulSaulH7586וַיַּ֥ךְvaiyakhand he struckH5221אֶֽת־ʾet-<obj.>H853הַחֲנִ֖יתhachanitthe spearH2595בַּקִּ֑ירbakirin the wallH7023וְדָוִ֛דvedavidand DavidH1732נָ֥סnashe fledH5127וַיִּמָּלֵ֖טvaiyimaletand he escapedH4422בַּלַּ֥יְלָהbalaylahin the nightH3915הֽוּא׃ פhu'thatH1931
1 Samuel 19:11· Hebrew and glosses: STEP Bible
וַיִּשְׁלַח֩vaiyishlachand he sentH7971שָׁא֨וּלshaulSaulH7586מַלְאָכִ֜יםmalakhimmessengersH4397אֶל־ʾel-toH413בֵּ֤יתbeit[the] house ofH1004דָּוִד֙davidDavidH1732לְשָׁמְר֔וֹleshameroto watch for himH8104וְלַהֲמִית֖וֹvelahamitoand to kill himH4191בַּבֹּ֑קֶרbabokerin the morningH1242וַתַּגֵּ֣דvatagedand she toldH5046לְדָוִ֗דledavidto DavidH1732מִיכַ֤לmikhalMichalH4324אִשְׁתּוֹ֙ʾishtowife hisH802לֵאמֹ֔רlemor<to> sayingH559אִם־ʾim-ifH518אֵ֨ינְךָ֜ʾeinekhanot youH369מְמַלֵּ֤טmemalet[are] deliveringH4422אֶֽת־ʾet-<obj.>H853נַפְשְׁךָ֙nafshekhalife yourH5315הַלַּ֔יְלָהhalaylahthis nightH3915מָחָ֖רmachartomorrowH4279אַתָּ֥הʾatahyouH859מוּמָֽת׃mumat[will be] put to deathH4191
1 Samuel 19:12· Hebrew and glosses: STEP Bible
1 Samuel 19:13· Hebrew and glosses: STEP Bible
וַתִּקַּ֨חvatikachand she tookH3947מִיכַ֜לmikhalMichalH4324אֶת־ʾet-<obj.>H853הַתְּרָפִ֗יםhaterafimthe teraphimH8655וַתָּ֙שֶׂם֙vatasemand she put [it]H7760אֶל־ʾel-intoH413הַמִּטָּ֔הhamitahthe bedH4296וְאֵת֙veetand <obj.>H853כְּבִ֣ירkevir<the> quilt ofH3523הָֽעִזִּ֔יםhaizim<the> goat hair<s>H5795שָׂ֖מָהsamahshe putH7760מְרַֽאֲשֹׁתָ֑יוmeraashotav[the] place of head itsH4763וַתְּכַ֖סvatekhasand she covered [it]H3680בַּבָּֽגֶד׃ סbabagedwith the garmentH899
Rashi on I Samuel 19:13
Michal took. So that they would not realize that he fled, and pursue him.
Read it in full at Sefaria · The Metsudah Tanach series, Lakewood, N.J
1 Samuel 19:14· Hebrew and glosses: STEP Bible
1 Samuel 19:15· Hebrew and glosses: STEP Bible
וַיִּשְׁלַ֤חvaiyishlachand he sentH7971שָׁאוּל֙shaulSaulH7586אֶת־ʾet-<obj.>H853הַמַּלְאָכִ֔יםhamalakhimthe messengersH4397לִרְא֥וֹתlirotto seeH7200אֶת־ʾet-<obj.>H853דָּוִ֖דdavidDavidH1732לֵאמֹ֑רlemor<to> sayingH559הַעֲל֨וּhaalubring upH5927אֹת֧וֹʾoto<obj.> himH853בַמִּטָּ֛הvamitahon the bedH4296אֵלַ֖יʾelaito meH413לַהֲמִתֽוֹ׃lahamitoto kill himH4191
1 Samuel 19:16· Hebrew and glosses: STEP Bible
וַיָּבֹ֙אוּ֙vaiyavouand they cameH935הַמַּלְאָכִ֔יםhamalakhimthe messengersH4397וְהִנֵּ֥הvehinehand there!H2009הַתְּרָפִ֖יםhaterafimthe teraphimH8655אֶל־ʾel-[was] toH413הַמִּטָּ֑הhamitahthe bedH4296וּכְבִ֥ירukhevirand [the] quilt ofH3523הָעִזִּ֖יםhaizim<the> goat hair<s>H5795מְרַאֲשֹׁתָֽיו׃meraashotav[the] place of head itsH4763
1 Samuel 19:17· Hebrew and glosses: STEP Bible
וַיֹּ֨אמֶרvaiyomerand he saidH559שָׁא֜וּלshaulSaulH7586אֶל־ʾel-toH413מִיכַ֗לmikhalMichalH4324לָ֤מָּהlamah<to> why?H4100כָּ֙כָה֙kakhahthusH3602רִמִּיתִ֔נִיrimitinihave you deceived meH7411וַתְּשַׁלְּחִ֥יvateshalechiand you have let goH7971אֶת־ʾet-<obj.>H853אֹיְבִ֖יʾoyevienemy myH341וַיִּמָּלֵ֑טvaiyimaletand he has escapedH4422וַתֹּ֤אמֶרvatomerand she saidH559מִיכַל֙mikhalMichalH4324אֶל־ʾel-toH413שָׁא֔וּלshaulSaulH7586הוּא־hu'-heH1931אָמַ֥רʾamarhe saidH559אֵלַ֛יʾelaito meH413שַׁלְּחִ֖נִיshalechinilet go meH7971לָמָ֥הlamah<to> why?H4100אֲמִיתֵֽךְ׃ʾamitekhwill I kill youH4191
Rashi on I Samuel 19:17
He said to me… You delivered me into the hands of a bandit. 1 She placed the blame for Dovid’s escape on Shaul. He drew his sword at me until I let him leave.
Read it in full at Sefaria · The Metsudah Tanach series, Lakewood, N.J
Prophesying at Naioth; Saul lies down stripped all day18
1 Samuel 19:18· Hebrew and glosses: STEP Bible
וְדָוִ֨דvedavidand DavidH1732בָּרַ֜חbarachhe fledH1272וַיִּמָּלֵ֗טvaiyimaletand he escapedH4422וַיָּבֹ֤אvaiyavo'and he wentH935אֶל־ʾel-toH413שְׁמוּאֵל֙shemuelSamuelH8050הָרָמָ֔תָהharamatah<the> Ramah towardsH7414וַיַּ֨גֶּד־vaiyaged-and he toldH5046ל֔וֹloto <the> himאֵ֛תʾet<obj.>H853כָּל־kol-allH3605אֲשֶׁ֥רʾasherthatH834עָֽשָׂה־ʾasah-he had doneH6213ל֖וֹloto <the> himשָׁא֑וּלshaulSaulH7586וַיֵּ֤לֶךְvaiyelekhand he wentH1980הוּא֙hu'heH1931וּשְׁמוּאֵ֔לushemueland SamuelH8050וַיֵּשְׁב֖וּvaiyeshevuand they dweltH3427בְּנָֽיוֹת׃benoitat NaiothH5121
1 Samuel 19:19· Hebrew and glosses: STEP Bible
1 Samuel 19:20· Hebrew and glosses: STEP Bible
וַיִּשְׁלַ֨חvaiyishlachand he sentH7971שָׁא֣וּלshaulSaulH7586מַלְאָכִים֮malakhimmessengersH4397לָקַ֣חַתlakachatto fetchH3947אֶת־ʾet-<obj.>H853דָּוִד֒davidDavidH1732וַיַּ֗רְאvaiyar'and he sawH7200אֶֽת־ʾet-<obj.>H853לַהֲקַ֤תlahakat[the] company ofH3862הַנְּבִיאִים֙haneviimthe prophetsH5030נִבְּאִ֔יםnibeimprophesyingH5012וּשְׁמוּאֵ֕לushemueland SamuelH8050עֹמֵ֥דʾomed[was] standingH5975נִצָּ֖בnitzavchiefH5324עֲלֵיהֶ֑םʾaleihemover themH5921וַתְּהִ֞יvatehiand it wasH1961עַֽל־ʾal-onH5921מַלְאֲכֵ֤יmalakhei[the] messengers ofH4397שָׁאוּל֙shaulSaulH7586ר֣וּחַruach[the] spirit ofH7307אֱלֹהִ֔יםʾelohimGodH430וַיִּֽתְנַבְּא֖וּvaiyitnabeuand they prophesiedH5012גַּם־gam-alsoH1571הֵֽמָּה׃hemahtheyH1992
1 Samuel 19:21· Hebrew and glosses: STEP Bible
וַיַּגִּ֣דוּvaiyagiduand people toldH5046לְשָׁא֗וּלleshaulto SaulH7586וַיִּשְׁלַח֙vaiyishlachand he sentH7971מַלְאָכִ֣יםmalakhimmessengersH4397אֲחֵרִ֔יםʾacherimotherH312וַיִּֽתְנַבְּא֖וּvaiyitnabeuand they prophesiedH5012גַּם־gam-alsoH1571הֵ֑מָּהhemahtheyH1992וַיֹּ֣סֶףvaiyosefand he repeatedH3254שָׁא֗וּלshaulSaulH7586וַיִּשְׁלַח֙vaiyishlachand he sentH7971מַלְאָכִ֣יםmalakhimmessengersH4397שְׁלִשִׁ֔יםshelishimthirdH7992וַיִּֽתְנַבְּא֖וּvaiyitnabeuand they prophesiedH5012גַּם־gam-alsoH1571הֵֽמָּה׃hemahtheyH1992
1 Samuel 19:22· Hebrew and glosses: STEP Bible
וַיֵּ֨לֶךְvaiyelekhand he wentH1980גַּם־gam-alsoH1571ה֜וּאhu'heH1931הָרָמָ֗תָהharamatah<the> Ramah towardsH7414וַיָּבֹא֙vaiyavo'and he cameH935עַד־ʾad-toH5704בּ֤וֹרbora cisternH953הַגָּדוֹל֙hagadol<the> greatH1419אֲשֶׁ֣רʾasherwhichH834בַּשֶּׂ֔כוּbasekhu[is] in <the> SecuH7906וַיִּשְׁאַ֣לvaiyishaland he askedH7592וַיֹּ֔אמֶרvaiyomerand he saidH559אֵיפֹ֥הʾeifohwhere?H375שְׁמוּאֵ֖לshemuel[are] SamuelH8050וְדָוִ֑דvedavidand DavidH1732וַיֹּ֕אמֶרvaiyomerand someone saidH559הִנֵּ֖הhinehthere!H2009בְּנָי֥וֹתbenoitat NaiothH5121בָּרָמָֽה׃baramahin <the> RamahH7414
1 Samuel 19:23· Hebrew and glosses: STEP Bible
וַיֵּ֣לֶךְvaiyelekhand he wentH1980שָׁ֔םshamthereH8033אֶל־ʾel-toH413נָי֖וֹתnoitNaiothH5121בָּרָמָ֑הbaramahin <the> RamahH7414וַתְּהִי֩vatehiand it wasH1961עָלָ֨יוʾalavon himH5921גַּם־gam-alsoH1571ה֜וּאhu'heH1931ר֣וּחַruach[the] spirit ofH7307אֱלֹהִ֗יםʾelohimGodH430וַיֵּ֤לֶךְvaiyelekhand he wentH1980הָלוֹךְ֙halokhcontinuously <to go>H1980וַיִּתְנַבֵּ֔אvaiyitnabe'and he prophesiedH5012עַד־ʾad-untilH5704בֹּא֖וֹboocame heH935בְּנָי֥וֹתbenoitat NaiothH5121בָּרָמָֽה׃baramahin <the> RamahH7414
1 Samuel 19:24· Hebrew and glosses: STEP Bible
וַיִּפְשַׁ֨טvaiyifshatand he stripped offH6584גַּם־gam-alsoH1571ה֜וּאhu'heH1931בְּגָדָ֗יוbegadavclothes hisH899וַיִּתְנַבֵּ֤אvaiyitnabe'and he prophesiedH5012גַם־gam-alsoH1571הוּא֙hu'heH1931לִפְנֵ֣יlifnei<to> beforeH6440שְׁמוּאֵ֔לshemuelSamuelH8050וַיִּפֹּ֣לvaiyipoland he fell downH5307עָרֹ֔םʾaromnakedH6174כָּל־kol-allH3605הַיּ֥וֹםhaiyomthe dayH3117הַה֖וּאhahu'<the> thatH1931וְכָל־vekholand allH3605הַלָּ֑יְלָהhalayelahthe nightH3915עַל־ʾal-there-H5921כֵּן֙ken-foreH3651יֹֽאמְר֔וּyomerupeople sayH559הֲגַ֥םhagam¿ alsoH1571שָׁא֖וּלshaul[is] SaulH7586בַּנְּבִיאִֽם׃ פbaneviimamong the prophetsH5030