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Psalms 55:21

in Psalms 55

His speech is smooth as butter, but war is in his heart. His words are softer than oil, yet they are swords unsheathed.

BSB

The same verse in ASV and KJV

ASV

His mouth was smooth as butter, But his heart was war: His words were softer than oil, Yet were they drawn swords.

KJV

The words of his mouth were smoother than butter, but war was in his heart: his words were softer than oil, yet were they drawn swords.

This verse in Psalms 55

Commentary

10 notes on this verse
The words of his mouth were smoother than butter,.... Such were the words of Ahithophel, when in counsel with David; and such the words of Judas, when he said to Christ, "hail, master", and kissed him, Mat 26:49; but war was in his heart; even a civil war, rebellion against his prince; that was what Ahithophel meditated in his heart; and nothing less than to take away the life of Christ was designed by Judas.

This site's exposition

My companion attacks his friends

on Psalms 55:20-21

The charge in verse 20 is a broken covenant, and the man attacked his own friends. Verse 21 sets two pairs against each other, speech smooth as butter over war in the heart, words softer than oil that are swords unsheathed. The weapon in this psalm is a man's speech.

The record, by era

The Church Fathers2 voices

A commentator

Tyrannius Rufinus

COMMENTARY ON THE APOSTLES' CREED 20 · Written before 411.

proposed

If it does not make you weary, let me point out, as briefly as possible, specific references to prophecy in the Gospels, so that those who are being instructed in the basic elements of the faith may have these testimonies written on their hearts, lest they should be surprised by any doubt they may entertain concerning the things that they believe. We are told in the Gospel that Judas, one of Christ's friends and associates at their last meal together, betrayed him. Let me show you how this is foretold in the Psalms: "He who has eaten my bread has lifted up his heel against me"; and in another place, "My friends and my neighbors drew near and set themselves against me"; and again, "His words were smoother than oil, and yet they are real darts." What then is meant when it says that his words were smooth? "Judas came to Jesus and said to him, Hail, Master, and kissed him." Thus through the soft blandishment of a kiss he implanted the execrable dart of betrayal. In response the Lord said to him, "Judas, do you betray the Son of Man with a kiss?" You observe that he was appraised by the traitor's covetousness at thirty pieces of silver.

A commentator

Augustine of Hippo

Exposition on Psalm 55 · Written in the 5th century.

proposed

"His discourses have been softened above oil, and themselves are darts" [Psalm 55:21]. For certain things in the Scriptures were seeming hard, while they were obscure; when explained, they have been softened. For even the first heresy in the disciples of Christ, as it were from the hardness of His discourse arose. For when He said, "Except a man shall have eaten My flesh and shall have drunk My blood, he shall not have life in himself:" they, not understanding, said to one another, "Hard is this discourse, who can hear it?" Saying that, "Hard is this discourse," they separated from Him: He remained with the others, the twelve. When they had intimated to Him, that by His discourse they had been scandalized, "Will ye also," He says, "choose to go?" Then Peter: "You have the Word of life eternal: to whom shall we go?" Attend, we beseech you, and you little ones learn godliness. Did Peter by any means at that time understand the secret of that discourse of the Lord? Not yet he understood: but that good were the words which he understood not, godly he believed. Therefore if hard is a discourse, and not yet is understood, be it hard to an ungodly man, but to you be it by godliness softened: for whenever it is solved, it both will become for you oil, and even unto the bones it will penetrate.

The Medieval Church1 voice

A commentator

Gregory the Dialogist

Register of Epistles (Book VIII), Epistle II · Written before 604.

proposed

Moreover there is this by the great favour of Almighty God; that among those who are divided from the doctrine of Holy Church there is no unity, since every kingdom divided against itself shall not stand. And holy Church is always more thoroughly equipped in her teaching when assaulted by the questionings of heretics; so that what was said by the Psalmist concerning God against heretics is fulfilled, "They are divided from the wrath of his countenance, and his heart hath drawn nigh."

The Puritans and the Awakening1 voice

A commentator

Matthew Henry

1662–1714

Commentary on the Whole Bible (1710)

proposed

Mortal men, though ever so high and strong, will easily be crushed by an eternal God and are a very unequal match for him. This the saints have comforted themselves with in reference to the threatening power of the church's enemies ( Hab. i.

quarantine:debris (2026-07-29) — unbalanced-parens

The Nineteenth Century1 voice

A commentator

Charles Spurgeon

1834–1892

The Treasury of David, Vol. 3 (1872)

The words of his mouth were smoother than butter. He lauded and larded the man he hoped to devour. He buttered him with flattery and then battered him with malice. Beware of a man who has too much honey on his tongue; a trap is to be suspected where the bait is so tempting. Soft, smooth, oily words are most plentiful where truth and sincerity are most scarce. But war was in his heart. He brought forth butter in a lordly dish, but he had a tent pin ready for the temples of his guest.
3 more voices on this verse

The Nineteenth Century3 voices

A commentator

Charles Spurgeon

1834–1892

The Treasury of David, Vol. 3 (1872)

proposed

The words of his mouth were smoother than butter. He lauded and larded the man he hoped to devour. He buttered him with flattery and then battered him with malice. Beware of a man who has too much honey on his tongue; a trap is to be suspected where the bait is so tempting. Soft, smooth, oily words are most plentiful where truth and sincerity are most scarce. But war was in his heart. He brought forth butter in a lordly dish, but he had a tent pin ready for the temples of his guest. When heart and lip so widely differ, the man is a monster, and those whom he assails are afflicted indeed. His words were softer than oil. Nothing could be more unctuous and fluent, there were no objectionable syllables, no jars or discords, his words were as yielding as the best juice of the olive; yet were they drawn swords, rapiers unsheathed, weapons brandished for the fray. Ah! base wretch, to be cajoling your victim while intending to devour him! entrapping him as if he were but a beast of prey; surely, such art thou thyself.

A commentator

Adam Clarke

1762–1832

Commentary on the Bible · Written before 1832.

proposed

Were smoother than butter - He was a complete courtier, and a deep, designing hypocrite besides. His words were as soft as butter, and as smooth as oil, while he meditated war; and the fair words which were intended to deceive, were intended also to destroy: they were drawn swords. This is a literal description of the words and conduct of Absalom, as we learn from the inspired historian, 2Sa 15:2, etc. He was accustomed to wait at the gate; question the persons who came for justice and judgment; throw out broad hints that the king was negligent of the affairs of his kingdom, and had not provided an effective magistracy to administer justice among the people, and added that if he were appointed judge in the land, justice should be done to all. He bowed also to the people, and kissed them; and thus he stole the hearts of the men of Israel. See the passages referred to above.
The words of his mouth were smoother than butter - Prof. Alexander renders this, “Smooth are the butterings of his mouth.” This is in accordance with the Hebrew, but the general meaning is well expressed in our common version. The idea is, that he was a hypocrite; that his professions of friendship were false; that he only used pleasant words - words expressive of friendship and love - to deceive and betray. We have a similar expression when we speak of “honeyed words,” or “honeyed accents.” This would apply to Ahithophel, and it will apply to thousands of similar cases in the world. But war was in his heart - He was base, treacherous, false. He was really my enemy, and was ready, when any suitable occasion occurred, to show himself to be such. His words were softer than oil - Smooth, pleasant, gentle. He was full of professions of love and kindness. Yet were they drawn swords - As swords drawn from the scabbard, and ready to be used. Compare Psa 28:3; Psa 57:4.

The words behind it

10 Hebrew words

Every Hebrew word of this verse in the order it stands, with what it means and the door to its own study. The last column counts the times a word stands in the whole Bible: the rarer the word, the more the places it appears belong together.

  • חָלְק֤וּ׀they were smooth

    chalkuH250565 times

  • מַחְמָאֹ֣ת[the] creamy things of

    machmaotH4260

  • פִּיו֮mouth his

    pivH6310498 times

  • וּֽקֲרָב־and [was] war

    ukarov-H71289 times

  • לִ֫בּ֥וֹheart his

    liboH3820595 times

  • רַכּ֖וּthey were soft

    rakuH7401

  • דְבָרָ֥יוwords his

    devaravH16971440 times

  • מִשֶּׁ֗מֶןmore than oil

    mishemenH8081193 times

  • וְהֵ֣מָּהand they

    vehemahH1992553 times

  • פְתִחֽוֹת׃[were] drawn swords

    fetichotH6609

A shaded row is a word that stands 400 times or fewer in the Bible.

The walk

8 stops

Each card is a verse this one points to, and under it the verses that one points to in turn. Where several paths arrive at the same place, that place is listed first: the text keeps returning to it.

  • Through

    Psalms 28:3

    Do not drag me away with the wicked, and with the workers of iniquity, who speak peace to their neighbors while malice is in their hearts.

    it leads to

    • Psalms 12:2

      They lie to one another; they speak with flattering lips and a double heart.

    • Jeremiah 9:8–9

      Their tongues are deadly arrows; they speak deception. With his mouth a man speaks peace to his neighbor, but in his heart he sets a trap for him.

    • Psalms 26:9

      Do not take my soul away with sinners, or my life with men of bloodshed,

    • Micah 3:5

      This is what the LORD says: “As for the prophets who lead My people astray, who proclaim peace while they chew with their teeth, but declare war against one who puts nothing in their…

  • Through

    Psalms 57:4

    My soul is among the lions; I lie down with ravenous beasts— with men whose teeth are spears and arrows, whose tongues are sharp swords.

    it leads to

    • Psalms 58:6

      O God, shatter their teeth in their mouths; O LORD, tear out the fangs of the lions.

    • Proverbs 30:14

      there is a generation whose teeth are swords and whose jaws are knives, devouring the oppressed from the earth and the needy from among men.

    • Psalms 35:17

      How long, O Lord, will You look on? Rescue my soul from their ravages, my precious life from these lions.

  • Through

    Proverbs 26:28

    A lying tongue hates those it crushes, and a flattering mouth causes ruin.

    it leads to

    • John 8:44–49

      You belong to your father, the devil, and you want to carry out his desires. He was a murderer from the beginning, refusing to uphold the truth, because there is no truth in him.…

About Psalms

Sower with Setting Sun. Vincent van Gogh, mid July 1888. Sotheby's, New York, 18 November 2025, lot 4. Public domain.
Sower with Setting Sun. Vincent van Gogh, mid July 1888. Sotheby's, New York, 18 November 2025, lot 4. Public domain.
This page draws on 10 works. Open the list of works

This page draws on Adam Clarke, Commentary on the Bible; Albert Barnes, Notes, Explanatory and Practical, on the Old and New Testaments (1832-1869); Augustine of Hippo, Exposition on Psalm 55; Charles Spurgeon, The Treasury of David; Charles Spurgeon, The Treasury of David, Vol. 3; Gregory the Dialogist, Register of Epistles (Book VIII), Epistle II; John Gill, Exposition of the Old Testament (1748-1763); John Gill, Exposition of the Old Testament; Matthew Henry, Commentary on the Whole Bible and Tyrannius Rufinus, COMMENTARY ON THE APOSTLES' CREED 20.