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Matthew 19:10

in Matthew 19

His disciples said to Him, “If this is the case between a man and his wife, it is better not to marry.”

BSB

The same verse in ASV and KJV

ASV

The disciples say unto him, If the case of the man is so with his wife, it is not expedient to marry.

KJV

His disciples say unto him, If the case of the man be so with his wife, it is not good to marry.

This verse in Matthew 19

Commentary

16 notes on this verse

A commentator

Jerome

Commentary on Matthew · Written before 420.

(Verse 10.) His disciples said to him: If such is the case between a man and his wife, it is not expedient to marry. The burden of wives is heavy, for apart from the cause of fornication, they cannot be divorced. For what if she is drunken, if she is angry, if she is of bad morals, if she is lascivious, if she is gluttonous, if she is wandering, if she is quarrelsome, if she is abusive? She must be endured. For when we were free, we willingly subjected ourselves to servitude.

This site's exposition

not good to marry

on Matthew 19:10-12

If the case of the man be so with his wife, it is not good to marry is the disciples' own startled response, the bench reading it as evidence they had understood Jesus correctly, that he had just closed a legal door their culture had long treated as open. Jesus answers with the eunuch saying, distinguishing three kinds, born eunuchs, those made eunuchs of men, referring to castration practiced in some courts, and those who have made themselves eunuchs for the kingdom of heaven's sake, a voluntary forgoing of marriage for undivided kingdom service that the commentators connect forward to Paul's own teaching in 1 Corinthians 7. All men cannot receive this saying, save they to whom it is given marks the whole teaching, both the hard word on divorce and the call to celibacy, as gifts rather than universal burdens, closed with he that is able to receive it, let him receive it.

The record, by era

The Church Fathers5 voices

A commentator

Jerome

Catena Aurea by Aquinas · Written before 420.

proposed

A wife is a grievous burden, if it is not permitted to put her away except for the cause of fornication. For what if she be a drunkard, an evil temper, or of evil habits, is she to be kept? The Apostles, perceiving this burden someness, express what they feel; His disciples say unto him, If the case of the man be so with his wife, it is not good to marry.

A commentator

Pseudo-Chrysostom

Catena Aurea by Aquinas · Written before 500.

proposed

And the Lord said not, It is good, but rather assented that it is not good. However, He considered the weakness of the flesh; But he said unto them, All cannot receive this saying; that is, All are not able to do this. But all cannot obtain it, because all do not desire to obtain it. The prize is before them; he who desires the honour will not consider the toil. None would ever vanquish, if all shunned the struggle. Because then some have fallen from their purpose of continence, we ought not therefore to faint from that virtue; for they that fall in the battle do not slay the rest. That He says therefore, Save they to whom it is given, shows that unless we receive the aid of grace, we have not strength. But this aid of grace is not denied to such as seek it, for the Lord says above, Ask, and ye shall receive.

A commentator

Justin Martyr

The First Apology, Chapter XV · Written before 165.

proposed

Concerning chastity, He uttered such sentiments as these: "Whosoever looketh upon a woman to lust after her, hath committed adultery with her already in his heart before God." And, "If thy right eye offend thee, cut it out; for it is better for thee to enter into the kingdom of heaven with one eye, than, having two eyes, to be cast into everlasting fire." And, "Whosoever shall marry her that is divorced from another husband, committeth adultery." And, "There are some who have been made eunuchs of men, and some who were born eunuchs, and some who have made themselves eunuchs for the kingdom of heaven's sake; but all cannot receive this saying." So that all who, by human law, are twice married, are in the eye of our Master sinners, and those who look upon a woman to lust after her. For not only he who in act commits adultery is rejected by Him, but also he who desires to commit adultery: since not only our works, but also our thoughts, are open before God.

A commentator

John Chrysostom

Homily on the Gospel of Matthew 62 · Written in the 5th century.

proposed

But what took place there, this happened here also. For as there, when the Jews had been put to silence the disciples were troubled, and came unto Him with Peter and said, "Declare unto us this parable;" even so now also they were troubled and said, "If the case of the man be so, it is good not to marry." For now they understood the saying more than before. Therefore then indeed they held their peace, but now when there hath been gainsaying, and answering, and question, and learning by reply, and the law appeared more clear, they ask Him. And openly to contradict they do not dare, but they bring forward what seemed to be a grievous and galling result of it, saying, "If the case of the man be so with his wife, it is not good to marry." For indeed it seemed to be a very hard thing to have a wife full of every bad quality, and to endure a wild beast perpetually shut up with one in the house. And that thou mayest learn that this greatly troubled them, Mark said, to show it, that they spake to Him privately. But what is, "If such be the case of a man with his wife?" That is, if to this end he is joined with her, that they should be one, or, on the other hand, if the man shall get to himself blame for these things, and always transgresses by putting away, it were easier to fight against natural desire and against one's self, than against a wicked woman.

A commentator

Clement of Alexandria

The Stromata Book 3 · Written before 215.

proposed

Concerning the words, "Not all can receive this saying. There are some eunuchs who were born so, and some who were made eunuchs by men, and some who have made themselves eunuchs for the sake of the kingdom of heaven; let him receive it who can receive it," they do not realize the context. After his word about divorce some asked him whether, if that is the position in relation to woman, it is better not to marry; and it was then that the Lord said: "Not all can receive this saying, but those to whom it is granted." What the questioners wanted to know was whether, when a man's wife has been condemned for fornication, it is allowable for him to marry another.
9 more voices on this verse

The Medieval Church2 voices

A commentator

Theophylact of Ohrid

Commentary on Matthew · Written before 1107.

proposed

His disciples say unto Him, If the case of the man be so with his wife, it is not good to marry. The disciples are troubled and say, "If they are joined together so that they are one and remain inseparable their whole life, so …

A commentator

Thomas Aquinas

Commentary on Matthew · Written before 1274.

proposed

His disciples say to him: if the case of a man with his wife be so, it is not expedient to marry. After the Lord treated of the indissolubility of marriage, here he treats of the perfection of the continent: and regarding this he does …

The Puritans and the Awakening2 voices

A commentator

Matthew Henry

1662–1714

Commentary on the Whole Bible (1710)

If they may not be allowed to put away their wives when they please, they will have no wives at all; though, from the beginning, when no divorce was allowed, God said, It is not good for man to be alone, and blessed them, pronounced them blessed who were thus strictly joined together; yet, unless they may have a liberty of divorce, they think it is good for a man not to marry.
His disciples say unto him,....

The Nineteenth Century5 voices

A commentator

Adam Clarke

1762–1832

Commentary on the Bible · Written before 1832.

If the case of the man - Του ανθρωπου, of a husband, so I think the word should be translated here. The Codex Bezae, Armenian, and most of the Itala, have του ανδρος, which, perhaps, more properly signifies a husband, though both words are used in this sense. Our word husband comes from the Anglo-Saxon, hus and band: the bond of the house, anciently spelt housebond, - so in my old MS. Bible. It is a lamentable case when the husband, instead of being the bond and union of the family, scatters and ruins it by dissipation, riot, and excess.
In these verses we have the mind of Christ declared on two subjects of great moment. One is the relation of husband and wife; the other is the light in which we should regard little children in the matter of their souls. It is difficult to overrate the importance of these two subjects: the well-being of nations and the happiness of society are closely connected with right views upon them. Nations are nothing but a collection of families.

A commentator

Jamieson, Fausset & Brown

1802–1910

Commentary Critical and Explanatory on the Whole Bible (1871)

proposed

His disciples say unto him, If the case of the man be so with his wife, it is not good to marry--that is, "In this view of marriage, surely it must prove a snare rather than a blessing, and had better be avoided altogether."

A commentator

J.C. Ryle

1816–1900

Expository Thoughts on the Gospels: Matthew (1856)

proposed

In these verses we have the mind of Christ declared on two subjects of great moment. One is the relation of husband and wife; the other is the light in which we should regard little children in the matter of their souls. It is difficult to overrate the importance of these two subjects: the well-being of nations and the happiness of society are closely connected with right views upon them. Nations are nothing but a collection of families. The good order of families depends entirely on keeping up the highest standard of respect for the marriage tie, and on the right training of children. We ought to be thankful that, on both these points, the great head of the church pronounced judgment so clearly. With respect to marriage, our Lord teaches that the union of husband and wife ought never to be broken off, except for the greatest of all causes, namely, actual unfaithfulness. In these days when our Lord was upon earth divorces were permitted among the Jews for the most trifling and frivolous causes. The practice, though tolerated by Moses to prevent worse evils—such as cruelty or murder—had gradually become an enormous abuse, and no doubt led to much immorality ( Malachi 2:14–16 ). The remark made by our Lord’s disciples shows the deplorably low state of public feeling on the subject. They said, “If the case of the man be so it is not good to marry ”They meant, of course, “if a man may not put away his wife for a slight cause at any time, he had better not marry at all.” Such language from the mouths of apostles sounds strange indeed! Our Lord brings forward a widely different standard for the guidance of his disciples. He first founds his judgment on the original institution of marriage.
His disciples say ... - The disciples were full of Jewish notions. They thought that the privilege of divorcing a wife when there was a quarrelsome disposition, or anything else that rendered the marriage unhappy, was a great privilege; and that in such cases to be always bound to live with a wife was a great calamity. They said, therefore, that if such was the case - such the condition on which people married - it was better not to marry.

How the passage was read

On Matthew 19:3-12

On Matthew 19:3-12

“For any cause”: Jesus asked to pick a school

“Is it lawful for a man to put away his wife for every cause?” The last three words are the point. The two great Pharisaic teaching schools of the generation before Jesus, the houses of Hillel and Shammai, disagreed on record over the divorce grounds in Deuteronomy 24:1: Shammai's house allowed divorce only for unchastity, Hillel's house “even if she spoiled his dish,” and Rabbi Akiva later added “even if he found another fairer than she” (the Mishnah preserves all three positions, Gittin 9:10). “For any cause” is the Hillelite slogan. The questioners are asking Jesus, in Herod Antipas's territory where John the Baptist lost his head over a marriage, to take a side in a live intra-Pharisaic dispute.

Jesus declines the menu. He reaches behind Moses to creation (“from the beginning it was not so”), grounds marriage in Genesis 1:27 and 2:24, reads the Mosaic provision as concession to hard hearts, and lands nearer Shammai on the exception while resting the whole matter on ground neither school had made primary. The scene is only half understood until the reader knows there were two schools in the room.

This section is reception history: how the passage was read and kept in the Jewish tradition. Where a reading parts from an essential of the Christian faith, the section says so at that point.

Sources: Mishnah Gittin 9:10 (the schools' positions verbatim)

The words behind it

18 Greek words

Every Greek word of this verse in the order it stands, with what it means and the door to its own study. The last column counts the times a word stands in the whole Bible: the rarer the word, the more the places it appears belong together.

A shaded row is a word that stands 400 times or fewer in the Bible.

The walk

8 stops

Each card is a verse this one points to, and under it the verses that one points to in turn. Where several paths arrive at the same place, that place is listed first: the text keeps returning to it.

  • Through

    Proverbs 18:22

    He who finds a wife finds a good thing and obtains favor from the LORD.

    it leads to

    • Proverbs 12:4

      A wife of noble character is her husband’s crown, but she who causes shame is like decay in his bones.

      Reached by 2 separate paths from here.

    • Proverbs 19:14

      Houses and wealth are inherited from fathers, but a prudent wife is from the LORD.

    • Proverbs 31:10–31

      A wife of noble character, who can find? She is far more precious than rubies.

    • Ecclesiastes 9:9

      Enjoy life with your beloved wife all the days of the fleeting life that God has given you under the sun—all your fleeting days. For this is your portion in life and in your…

    • 1 Corinthians 7:2

      But because there is so much sexual immorality, each man should have his own wife, and each woman her own husband.

  • Through

    Proverbs 21:9

    Better to live on a corner of the roof than to share a house with a quarrelsome wife.

    it leads to

    • Proverbs 19:13

      A foolish son is his father’s ruin, and a quarrelsome wife is like a constant dripping.

    • Proverbs 21:19

      Better to live in the desert than with a contentious and ill-tempered wife.

    • Proverbs 27:15–16

      A constant dripping on a rainy day and a contentious woman are alike—

Where this verse is studied

About Matthew

John the Baptist Baptizes Jesus, Gustave Doré, 1866. Public domain.
John the Baptist Baptizes Jesus, Gustave Doré, 1866. Public domain.
This page draws on 15 works. Open the list of works

This page draws on Adam Clarke, Commentary on the Bible; Albert Barnes, Notes, Explanatory and Practical, on the Old and New Testaments (1832-1869); Clement of Alexandria, The Stromata Book 3; J.C. Ryle, Expository Thoughts on the Gospels: Matthew; Jamieson, Fausset & Brown, Commentary Critical and Explanatory on the Whole Bible; Jerome, Commentary on Matthew; Jerome, Catena Aurea by Aquinas; John Chrysostom, Homilies on the Gospel of Matthew; John Chrysostom, Homily on the Gospel of Matthew 62; John Gill, Exposition of the New Testament (1746-1748); Justin Martyr, The First Apology, Chapter XV; Matthew Henry, Commentary on the Whole Bible; Pseudo-Chrysostom, Catena Aurea by Aquinas; Theophylact of Ohrid, Commentary on Matthew and Thomas Aquinas, Commentary on Matthew.