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John 3:9

in John 3

“How can this be?” Nicodemus asked.

BSB

The same verse in ASV and KJV

ASV

Nicodemus answered and said unto him, How can these things be?

KJV

Nicodemus answered and said unto him, How can these things be?

This verse in John 3

Commentary

13 notes on this verse
Long discourse nothing profits him who understandeth not a whit. Wise then is the saying in the book of Proverbs, Well is he that speaketh in the ears of them that will hear. And this the Saviour showed by trial to be true, giving Himself an ensample to us in this too. For the teacher will be wholly free from the charge of not being able to persuade, saying what himself thinks good, though he profit nothing by reason of the dulness of the hearers. Besides we learn by this, that hardness in part is happened to Israel.

This site's exposition

How can this be

on John 3:9-10

Nicodemus has not moved past his question of verse 4, and Jesus turns from patience to a rebuke: Israel's teacher does not understand these things. The prophets had promised a new heart and a law written inside a man, at Jeremiah 31:33. His office was to teach that promise.

The record, by era

The Church Fathers1 voice

A commentator

Augustine of Hippo

Tractates on John 12 · Written in the 5th century.

proposed

"Nicodemus answered and said unto Him, How can these things be?" And, in fact, in the carnal sense, he knew not how. In him occurred what the Lord had said; the Spirit's voice he heard, but knew not whence it came, and whither it was going.

The Medieval Church4 voices

A commentator

Haymo of Halberstadt

Catena Aurea by Aquinas · Written before 853.

proposed

Nicodemus cannot take in the mysteries of the Divine Majesty, which our Lord reveals, and therefore asks how it is, not denying the fact, not meaning any censure, but wishing to be informed: Nicodemus answered and said unto Him, How can these things be?

A commentator

Thomas Aquinas

Commentary on John · Written before 1274.

proposed

Then the cause and reason for spiritual regeneration are set forth. First, a question is asked by Nicodemus; secondly, the Lord's answer is given (v 10). It is apparent from the first that Nicodemus, as yet dull, and remaining a Jew on the level of …

A commentator

Theophylact of Ohrid

Commentary on John · Written before 1107.

proposed

Nicodemus still remains with the Jewish weakness, and therefore again asks: "How can this be?"

A commentator

Bonaventure

Commentary on John, Chapter 3 · Written in the 13th century.

proposed

Here the third point is touched upon, namely the manner of understanding this spiritual regeneration, which because Nicodemus did not possess, he therefore doubts and inquires; whence he says: Nicodemus answered and said to Him: "How can these things be?" And in this the diligence …
6 more voices on this verse

The Puritans and the Awakening2 voices

A commentator

Matthew Henry

1662–1714

Commentary on the Whole Bible (1710)

proposed

Thus many profess to admit the doctrine of Christ in general, and yet will neither believe the truths of Christianity nor submit to the laws of it further than they please. Christ shall be their teacher, provided they may choose their lesson. Now here, [1.] Nicodemus owns himself ignorant of Christ's meaning, after all: " How can these things be?

quarantine:debris (2026-07-29) — odd-straight-quotes

Nicodemus answered and said unto him,.... Remaining still as ignorant as ever, though Christ had explained the phrase "born again", at which he stumbled, by a being "born of water and of the Spirit", or of the grace of the Spirit of God; and had illustrated this by the free, powerful, and invisible blowing of the wind: how can these things be?

The Nineteenth Century4 voices

How can these things be? - Nicodemus was still unwilling to admit the doctrine unless he understood it; and we have here an instance of a man of rank stumbling at one of the plainest doctrines of religion, and unwilling to admit a truth because he could not understand “how” it could be, when he daily admitted the truth of facts in other things which he could as little comprehend. And we may learn: 1. That people will often admit facts on other subjects, and be greatly perplexed by similar facts in religion.
We have in these verses the second part of the conversation between our Lord Jesus Christ and Nicodemus. A lesson about regeneration is closely followed by a lesson about justification! The whole passage ought always to be read with affectionate reverence. It contains words which have brought eternal life to myriads of souls. These verses show us, firstly, what gross spiritual ignorance there may be in the mind of a great and learned man. We see a "master of Israel" unacquainted with the first elements of saving religion.
We have in these verses the second part of the conversation between our Lord Jesus Christ and Nicodemus. A lesson about regeneration is closely followed by a lesson about justification! The whole passage ought always to be read with affectionate reverence. It contains words which have brought eternal life to myriads of souls. These verses show us, firstly, what gross spiritual ignorance there may be in the mind of a great and learned man. We see a "master of Israel" unacquainted with the first elements of saving religion. Nicodemus is told about the new birth, and at once exclaims, "How can these things be?" When such was the darkness of a Jewish teacher , what must have been the state of the Jewish people? It was indeed due time for Christ to appear! The pastors of Israel had ceased to feed the people with knowledge. The blind were leading the blind, and both were falling into the ditch. (Matt. 15:14.) Ignorance like that of Nicodemus is unhappily far too common in the Church of Christ. We must never be surprised if we find it in quarters where we might reasonably expect knowledge. Learning, and rank, and high ecclesiastical office are no proof that a minister is taught by the Spirit. The successors of Nicodemus, in every age, are far more numerous than the successors of Peter. On no point is religious ignorance so common as on the work of the Holy Spirit. That old stumbling-block, at which Nicodemus stumbled, is as much an offence to thousands in the present day as it was in the days of Christ. "The natural man receives not the things of the Spirit of God." (1 Cor. 2:14.) Happy is he who has been taught to prove all things by Scripture, and to call no man master upon earth. (1 Thess. 5:21; Matt. 23:9.) These verses show us, secondly, the original source from which man's salvation springs . That source is the love of God the Father.

A commentator

Adam Clarke

1762–1832

Commentary on the Bible · Written before 1832.

proposed

How can these things be? - Our Lord had very plainly told him how these things could be, and illustrated the new birth by one of the most proper similes that could be chosen; but so intent was this great man an making every thing submit to the testimony of his senses that he appears unwilling to believe any thing, unless he can comprehend it. This is the case with many - they profess to believe because they comprehend; but they are impostors who speak thus: there is not a man in the universe that can fully comprehend one operation, either of God or his instrument nature; and yet they must believe, and do believe, though they never did nor ever can fully comprehend, or account for, the objects of their faith.

How the passage was read

On John 3:1-21

On John 3:1-21

Nicodemus, and why “born again” baffled a teacher of Israel

Nicodemus is “a man of the Pharisees... a ruler of the Jews”: a member of the Sanhedrin, the seventy-one-member high council that governed Jewish religious life from Jerusalem. His night visit is respectful and searching, and he is the standing proof that the Pharisaic movement contained honest seekers; John follows his arc from this conversation to his protest on Jesus' behalf (John 7:50-52) and finally to the seventy-five pounds of burial spices (John 19:39).

Why does “ye must be born again” baffle “the teacher of Israel”? The tradition had rebirth language of its own, but for GENTILES: a convert to Judaism “has the legal status of a newborn child,” as the Talmud words the principle (Yevamot 22a). Rebirth was intelligible for an outsider entering Israel. Jesus applies it to a son of Abraham, a Pharisee, a member of the council: even Israel's teacher must be born of water and the Spirit, words that stand on Ezekiel 36:25-27's promise of clean water and a new spirit. The tradition's convert-rebirth is reception history; what Jesus claims from it is the verse's own Christian confession, new birth from above for everyone.

This section is reception history: how the passage was read and kept in the Jewish tradition. Where a reading parts from an essential of the Christian faith, the section says so at that point.

Sources: Yevamot 22a (Babylonian Talmud: the convert as a newborn)

The words behind it

9 Greek words

Every Greek word of this verse in the order it stands, with what it means and the door to its own study. The last column counts the times a word stands in the whole Bible: the rarer the word, the more the places it appears belong together.

  • ἈπεκρίθηAnswered

    apekritheG611231 times

  • ΝικόδημοςNicodemus

    nikodemosG35305 times

  • καὶand

    kaiG25329120 times

  • εἶπενsaid

    eipenG2036925 times

  • αὐτῷ·to Him;

    autoG8465565 times

  • πῶςHow

    posG4459103 times

  • δύναταιare able

    dunataiG1410207 times

  • ταῦταthese things

    tautaG37781381 times

  • γενέσθαι;¶to be?

    genesthaiG1096667 times

A shaded row is a word that stands 400 times or fewer in the Bible.

The walk

8 stops

Each card is a verse this one points to, and under it the verses that one points to in turn. Where several paths arrive at the same place, that place is listed first: the text keeps returning to it.

  • Through

    Isaiah 42:16

    I will lead the blind by a way they did not know; I will guide them on unfamiliar paths. I will turn darkness into light before them and rough places into level ground. These…

    it leads to

    • Isaiah 30:21

      And whether you turn to the right or to the left, your ears will hear this command behind you: “This is the way. Walk in it.”

    • Luke 3:5

      Every valley shall be filled in, and every mountain and hill made low. The crooked ways shall be made straight, and the rough ways smooth.

    • Isaiah 35:8

      And there will be a highway called the Way of Holiness. The unclean will not travel it—only those who walk in the Way—and fools will not stray onto it.

    • Isaiah 60:19–20

      No longer will the sun be your light by day, nor the brightness of the moon shine on your night; for the LORD will be your everlasting light, and your God will be your…

    • Isaiah 40:4

      Every valley shall be lifted up, and every mountain and hill made low; the uneven ground will become smooth, and the rugged land a plain.

  • Through

    John 3:4

    “How can a man be born when he is old?” Nicodemus asked. “Can he enter his mother’s womb a second time to be born?”

    it leads to

    • 1 Corinthians 2:14

      The natural man does not accept the things that come from the Spirit of God. For they are foolishness to him, and he cannot understand them, because they are spiritually discerned.

      Reached by 2 separate paths from here.

    • 1 Corinthians 1:18

      For the message of the cross is foolishness to those who are perishing, but to us who are being saved it is the power of God.

  • Through

    John 6:60

    On hearing it, many of His disciples said, “This is a difficult teaching. Who can accept it?”

    it leads to

    • John 6:66

      From that time on many of His disciples turned back and no longer walked with Him.

Where this verse is studied

About John

This page draws on 13 works. Open the list of works

This page draws on Adam Clarke, Commentary on the Bible; Albert Barnes, Notes, Explanatory and Practical, on the Old and New Testaments (1832-1869); Augustine of Hippo, Tractates on John 12; Bonaventure, Commentary on John, Chapter 3; Cyril of Alexandria, Commentary on the Gospel of John, Book 2; Haymo of Halberstadt, Catena Aurea by Aquinas; J.C. Ryle, Expository Thoughts on the Gospels: John (lightly modernized text, Grace Gems edition); Jamieson, Fausset & Brown, Commentary Critical and Explanatory on the Whole Bible; John Gill, Exposition of the New Testament; John Gill, Exposition of the New Testament (1746-1748); Matthew Henry, Commentary on the Whole Bible; Theophylact of Ohrid, Commentary on John and Thomas Aquinas, Commentary on John.