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Ezekiel 18:2

in Ezekiel 18

“What do you people mean by quoting this proverb about the land of Israel: ‘The fathers have eaten sour grapes, and the teeth of the children are set on edge’?

BSB

The same verse in ASV and KJV ▾

ASV

What mean ye, that ye use this proverb concerning the land of Israel, saying, The fathers have eaten sour grapes, and the children’s teeth are set on edge?

KJV

What mean ye, that ye use this proverb concerning the land of Israel, saying, The fathers have eaten sour grapes, and the children’s teeth are set on edge?

This verse in Ezekiel 18

Commentary

13 notes on this verse

A commentator

Jerome

Commentary on Ezekiel · Written before 420.

Heretics, who do not accept the Old Testament, often say in this place against the Creator: How good and just is the God of the Law and the Prophets, who, by remaining quiet and silent about the sins of the fathers, renders punishment to those who have not sinned; rather, what cruelty is in Him that He extends His anger even to the third and fourth generation! To whom shall we respond, and in this the clemency of God the Creator is demonstrated.

This site's exposition

The word of the Lord came unto me again, saying,

on Ezekiel 18:1-4

The chapter names a proverb, the fathers have eaten sour grapes, and the children's teeth are set on edge. Ezekiel is sent to retire it by name. Gill reads the thesis that follows, the soul that sinneth, it shall die, as the whole chapter's argument compressed into one line.

This site's exposition

quoting this proverb

The proverb made the exile a debt left by the fathers. Jamieson, Fausset and Brown set it beside Lamentations 5:7, where the survivors say their fathers sinned and they bear the punishment. The children in the saying taste the sourness of grapes they never ate.

The record, by era

The Church Fathers4 voices

A commentator

John Chrysostom

HOMILIES ON THE GOSPEL OF JOHN 56 · Written before 407.

proposed

For both this man hath sinned and his parents, but his blindness proceedeth not from that. And this He said, not signifying that though this man indeed was not in such case, yet that others had been made blind from such a cause, the sins of their parents, since it cannot be that when one sinneth another should be punished. For if we allow this, we must also allow that he sinned before his birth. As therefore when He declared, "neither hath this man sinned," He said not that it is possible to sin from one's very birth, and be punished for it; so when He said, "nor his parents," He said not that one may be punished for his parents' sake. This supposition He removeth by the mouth of Ezekiel; "As I live saith the Lord, this proverb shall not be, that is used, The fathers have eaten sour grapes, and the children's teeth are set on edge." And Moses saith, "The father shall not die for the child, neither shall the child die for the father."

A commentator

Jerome

Commentary on Ezekiel · Written before 420.

proposed

(Chapter XVIII. — Verses 1, 2.) And the word of the Lord came to me, saying: What is that you turn a parable among you into this proverb in the land of Israel, saying: The fathers have eaten sour grapes, and the teeth of the children are set on edge? LXX: And the word of the Lord came to me, saying: ÷ Son of man, what is this parable in the children of Israel, saying: The fathers have eaten sour grapes, and the teeth of the children are set on edge? What the Seventy have said, son of man, is not found in Hebrew. However, divine Scripture warns about what was said in Exodus: I am the Lord your God. I am a jealous God, who punishes the sins of the fathers upon the children, to the third and fourth generation of those who hate me, and shows mercy to thousands of those who love me and keep my commandments (Exod. X, 5; Deut. V, 9, 10). And again: The Lord descended in a cloud and stood with Moses, and Moses called upon the name of the Lord, and the Lord passed before his face and called him, saying: O Lord, God, merciful and compassionate, patient, full of mercy and true, preserving justice and mercy to thousands, forgiving iniquities, injustices, and sins; and yet he will not cleanse the iniquities of fathers upon children and children's children, to the third and fourth generation (Exod. XXXIV, 5 seq.). Thus, it should be understood as a proverb and a parable, where the words may have one meaning but the sense another; as we mentioned in the parable of the two eagles. And the Lord also in the seventy-seventh psalm says: "I will open my mouth in parables: I will declare a proposition from the beginning" (Ps. LXXVI, 2[1]). And in the Gospel, the parable of the sower, and of the tares, and of the mustard seed, which, though it is the smallest of all seeds, rises up into a large tree (Matt. XIII, 31). […]

A commentator

Augustine of Hippo

Enchiridion 46 · Written before 430.

proposed

It was this new covenant that was prophesied about when it was said by Ezekiel that the children should not bear the iniquity of the parents, and that it should no longer be a proverb in Israel, "The fathers have eaten sour grapes, and the children's teeth are set on edge." Here lies the necessity that each person should be born again, that he might be freed from the sin in which he was born. For the sins committed afterwards can be cured by penitence, as we see is the case after baptism.

A commentator

Augustine of Hippo

AGAINST JULIAN 25:82 · Written before 430.

proposed

For the last and supposedly strongest argument for your case, you refer to the prophetic testimony of Ezekiel, where we read that there will no longer be a proverb in which they say the parents have eaten sour grapes and the teeth of the children are on edge; the child will not die in the sin of his parent or the parent in the sin of his child, but the soul that sins shall die. You do not understand that this is the promise of the New Testament and of the other world. For the grace of the Redeemer ensured that he cancelled the paternal decree, so that each person should account for himself.

The Reformation1 voice

A commentator

John Calvin

1509–1564

Commentaries (1554)

proposed

What mean ye, that ye use this proverb concerning the land of Israel, saying, The fathers have eaten sour grapes, and the children's teeth are set on edge?

quarantine:scripture (2026-07-29) — verbatim-scripture

5 more voices on this verse

The Puritans and the Awakening2 voices

A commentator

John Wesley

1703–1791

Explanatory Notes upon the Old Testament (1765)

proposed

The fathers - Our fore-fathers. Have eaten - Have sinned. The childrens - We their children, who were unborn, suffer for their sins.
What mean ye, that ye use this proverb concerning the land of Israel,....

The Nineteenth Century3 voices

A commentator

Adam Clarke

1762–1832

Commentary on the Bible · Written before 1832.

The fathers have eaten sour grapes, and the children’s teeth are set on edge? - We have seen this proverb already, Jer 31:29, etc., and have considered its general meaning. But the subject is here proposed in greater detail, with a variety of circumstances, to adapt it to all those cases to which it should apply. It refers simply to these questions: How far can the moral evil of the parent be extended to his offspring? And, Are the faults and evil propensities of the parents, not only transferred to the children, but punished in them?

A commentator

Jamieson, Fausset & Brown

1802–1910

Commentary Critical and Explanatory on the Whole Bible (1871)

The sin of Adam in eating the forbidden fruit, visited on his posterity, seems to have suggested the peculiar form; noticed also by Jeremiah (Jer 31:29); and explained in La 5:7, "Our fathers have sinned, and are not; and we have borne their iniquities." They mean by "the children" themselves, as though they were innocent, whereas they were far from being so.
Concerning the land of Israel - Rather, “in the land of Israel,” i. e., upon Israel’s soil, the last place where such a paganish saying should be expected. The saying was general among the people both in Palestine and in exile; and expressed the excuse wherewith they ascribed their miserable condition to anyone’s fault but their own - to a blind fate such as the pagan recognized, instead of the discriminating judgment of an All-holy God.

How the passage was read

What the Jewish commentators add

On the verses either side of this one

And the word of nevuah from before Hashem was with me, saying:
Targum · Targum Jonathan on Ezekiel 18:1, via Sefaria, Sefaria Community Translation

This section is reception history: how the passage was read and kept in the Jewish tradition. Where a reading parts from an essential of the Christian faith, the section says so at that point.

Texts and citation data: Sefaria; each excerpt follows its version’s licence. 4 further sources are cited on this chapter that carry no English text this site may quote or only restate the verse.

The words behind it

17 Hebrew words

Every Hebrew word of this verse in the order it stands, with what it means and the door to its own study. The last column counts the times a word stands in the whole Bible: the rarer the word, the more the places it appears belong together.

  • מַה־what?

    mah-H4100 →752 times

  • לָּכֶ֗ם[is] to you

    lakhem

  • אַתֶּם֙you

    ʾatemH859 →1094 times

  • מֹֽשְׁלִים֙[are] speaking a proverb

    moshelimH4911 →16 times

  • אֶת־<obj.>

    ʾet-H853 →10935 times

  • הַמָּשָׁ֣לthe proverb

    hamashalH4912 →39 times

  • הַזֶּ֔ה<the> this

    hazehH2088 →1180 times

  • עַל־on

    ʾal-H5921 →5755 times

  • אַדְמַ֥ת[the] land of

    ʾadmatH127 →225 times

  • יִשְׂרָאֵ֖לIsrael

    yisraelH3478 →2507 times

  • לֵאמֹ֑ר<to> saying

    lemorH559 →5305 times

  • אָבוֹת֙parents

    ʾavotH1 →1212 times

  • יֹ֣אכְלוּthey eat

    yokheluH398 →810 times

  • בֹ֔סֶרsour grape[s]

    voserH1155 →

  • וְשִׁנֵּ֥יand [the] teeth of

    veshineiH8127 →55 times

  • הַבָּנִ֖יםthe children

    habanimH1121 →4930 times

  • תִּקְהֶֽינָה׃they are blunt

    tikheinahH6949 →

A shaded row is a word that stands 400 times or fewer in the Bible.

The walk

8 stops

Each card is a verse this one points to, and under it the verses that one points to in turn. Where several paths arrive at the same place, that place is listed first: the text keeps returning to it.

  • Through

    Lamentations 5:7

    Our fathers sinned and are no more, but we bear their punishment.

    it leads to

    • Jeremiah 16:12

      And you have done more evil than your fathers. See how each of you follows the stubbornness of his evil heart instead of obeying Me.

    • Jeremiah 31:29

      “In those days, it will no longer be said: ‘The fathers have eaten sour grapes, and the teeth of the children are set on edge.’

    • Jeremiah 14:20

      We acknowledge our wickedness, O LORD, the guilt of our fathers; indeed, we have sinned against You.

    • Exodus 20:5

      You shall not bow down to them or worship them; for I, the LORD your God, am a jealous God, visiting the iniquity of the fathers on their children to the third and fourth…

  • Through

    Ezekiel 37:11

    Then He said to me, “Son of man, these bones are the whole house of Israel. Look, they are saying, ‘Our bones are dried up, and our hope has perished; we are cut off.’

    it leads to

    • Ephesians 2:1

      And you were dead in your trespasses and sins,

    • Psalms 77:7–9

      “Will the Lord spurn us forever and never show His favor again?

    • Ezekiel 39:25

      Therefore this is what the Lord GOD says: Now I will restore Jacob from captivity and will have compassion on the whole house of Israel, and I will be jealous for My holy name.

    • Ezekiel 36:10

      I will multiply the people upon you—the house of Israel in its entirety. The cities will be inhabited and the ruins rebuilt.

Where this verse is studied

About Ezekiel

Ezekiel’s Vision of the Valley of Dry Bones, Gustave Doré, 1866. Public domain.
Ezekiel’s Vision of the Valley of Dry Bones, Gustave Doré, 1866. Public domain.
This page draws on 12 works. Open the list of works

This page draws on Adam Clarke, Commentary on the Bible; Albert Barnes, Notes, Explanatory and Practical, on the Old and New Testaments (1832-1869); Augustine of Hippo, Enchiridion 46; Augustine of Hippo, AGAINST JULIAN 25:82; Jamieson, Fausset & Brown, Commentary Critical and Explanatory on the Whole Bible; Jerome, Commentary on Ezekiel; John Calvin, Commentaries; John Chrysostom, HOMILIES ON THE GOSPEL OF JOHN 56; John Gill, Exposition of the Old Testament; John Gill, Exposition of the Old Testament (1748-1763); John Wesley, Explanatory Notes upon the Old Testament and Matthew Henry, Commentary on the Whole Bible.