Exodus 22:10
in Exodus 22If a man gives a donkey, an ox, a sheep, or any other animal to be cared for by his neighbor, but it dies or is injured or stolen while no one is watching,
BSB
The same verse in ASV and KJV ▾
ASV
If a man deliver unto his neighbor an ass, or an ox, or a sheep, or any beast, to keep; and it die, or be hurt, or driven away, no man seeing it:
KJV
If a man deliver unto his neighbour an ass, or an ox, or a sheep, or any beast, to keep; and it die, or be hurt, or driven away, no man seeing it:
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This verse in Exodus 22
Commentary
4 notes on this verseIf a man deliver to his neighbour an ass, or an ox, or a sheep, or any beast to keep,.... And he keeps it without a reward, as the Targum of Jonathan; but Jarchi and Aben Ezra more rightly interpret this of one that keeps for hire, as herdsmen, shepherds, &c.
This site's exposition
If a man deliver unto his neighbour an ass
on Exodus 22:10-11
An animal in a herdsman's care dies or is hurt or is driven off with no man seeing it, which leaves a case that no evidence can decide. The law closes it with an oath of the LORD, and the owner is required to accept it and take no payment. Hebrews 6:16 states the same working rule, that an oath for confirmation is to men an end of all strife, and Adam Clarke notes how much weight an appeal to God carried before oaths became common.
The record, by era
The Puritans and the Awakening1 voice
It is unjust and base, and that which all the world cries shame on, to betray a trust. That there is such a general failing of truth and justice upon earth as gives too much occasion to suspect men's honesty whenever it is their interest to be dishonest.
The Nineteenth Century1 voice
A commentator
Albert Barnes1798–1870
Notes, Explanatory and Practical, on the Old and New Testaments (1832-1869)
This law appears to relate chiefly to herdsmen employed by the owners of cattle. When an animal was stolen Exo 22:12, it was presumed either that the herdsman might have prevented it, or that he could find the thief and bring him to justice (see Exo 22:4). When an animal was killed by a wild beast, the keeper had to produce the mangled carcass, not only in proof of the fact, but to show that he had, by his vigilance and courage, deprived the wild beast of its prey.
The words behind it
20 Hebrew wordsEvery Hebrew word of this verse in the order it stands, with what it means and the door to its own study. The last column counts the times a word stands in the whole Bible: the rarer the word, the more the places it appears belong together.
| Hebrew | Sound | Meaning | Word study | In the Bible |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| כִּֽי־ | ki- | if | H3588 → | 4482 times |
| יִתֵּן֩ | yiten | he will give | H5414 → | 2011 times |
| אִ֨ישׁ | ʾish | anyone | H376 → | 1663 times |
| אֶל־ | ʾel- | to | H413 → | 5510 times |
| רֵעֵ֜הוּ | reehu | neighbor his | H7453 → | 188 times |
| חֲמ֨וֹר | chamor | a donkey | H2543 → | 96 times |
| אוֹ־ | ʾov- | or | H176 → | 321 times |
| שׁ֥וֹר | shor | an ox | H7794 → | 79 times |
| אוֹ־ | ʾov- | or | H176 → | 321 times |
| שֶׂ֛ה | seh | a sheep | H7716 → | 47 times |
| וְכָל־ | vekhol | and every | H3605 → | 5413 times |
| בְּהֵמָ֖ה | behemah | animal | H929 → | 190 times |
| לִשְׁמֹ֑ר | lishmor | to keep [it] | H8104 → | 468 times |
| וּמֵ֛ת | umet | and it will die | H4191 → | 839 times |
| אוֹ־ | ʾov- | or | H176 → | 321 times |
| נִשְׁבַּ֥ר | nishbar | it was maimed | H7665 → | 147 times |
| אוֹ־ | ʾov- | or | H176 → | 321 times |
| נִשְׁבָּ֖ה | nishbah | it was captured | H7617 → | |
| אֵ֥ין | ʾein | there not | H369 → | 789 times |
| רֹאֶֽה׃ | roeh | [was one who] saw | H7200 → | 1300 times |
כִּֽי־if
ki-H3588 →4482 times
יִתֵּן֩he will give
yitenH5414 →2011 times
אִ֨ישׁanyone
ʾishH376 →1663 times
אֶל־to
ʾel-H413 →5510 times
רֵעֵ֜הוּneighbor his
reehuH7453 →188 times
חֲמ֨וֹרa donkey
chamorH2543 →96 times
אוֹ־or
ʾov-H176 →321 times
שׁ֥וֹרan ox
shorH7794 →79 times
אוֹ־or
ʾov-H176 →321 times
שֶׂ֛הa sheep
sehH7716 →47 times
וְכָל־and every
vekholH3605 →5413 times
בְּהֵמָ֖הanimal
behemahH929 →190 times
לִשְׁמֹ֑רto keep [it]
lishmorH8104 →468 times
וּמֵ֛תand it will die
umetH4191 →839 times
אוֹ־or
ʾov-H176 →321 times
נִשְׁבַּ֥רit was maimed
nishbarH7665 →147 times
אוֹ־or
ʾov-H176 →321 times
נִשְׁבָּ֖הit was captured
nishbahH7617 →
אֵ֥יןthere not
ʾeinH369 →789 times
רֹאֶֽה׃[was one who] saw
roehH7200 →1300 times
A shaded row is a word that stands 400 times or fewer in the Bible.
The walk
8 stopsEach card is a verse this one points to, and under it the verses that one points to in turn. Where several paths arrive at the same place, that place is listed first: the text keeps returning to it.
Through
2 Timothy 1:12For this reason, even though I suffer as I do, I am not ashamed; for I know whom I have believed, and I am convinced that He is able to guard what I have…
it leads to
- Jude 1:24
Now to Him who is able to keep you from stumbling and to present you unblemished in His glorious presence, with great joy—
- 2 Timothy 1:8
So do not be ashamed of the testimony of our Lord, or of me, His prisoner. Instead, join me in suffering for the gospel by the power of God.
- 1 Peter 4:19
So then, those who suffer according to God’s will should entrust their souls to their faithful Creator and continue to do good.
- 2 Timothy 4:8
From now on there is laid up for me the crown of righteousness, which the Lord, the righteous Judge, will award to me on that day—and not only to me, but to all who…
- Jude 1:24
Through
Luke 12:48But the one who unknowingly does things worthy of punishment will be beaten with few blows. From everyone who has been given much, much will be required; and from him who has been entrusted…
it leads to
- James 3:1
Not many of you should become teachers, my brothers, because you know that we who teach will be judged more strictly.
- Leviticus 5:17
If someone sins and violates any of the LORD’s commandments even though he was unaware, he is guilty and shall bear his punishment.
- Luke 16:10–12
Whoever is faithful with very little will also be faithful with much, and whoever is dishonest with very little will also be dishonest with much.
- Matthew 25:14–29
For it is just like a man going on a journey, who called his servants and entrusted them with his possessions.
- James 3:1
Where this verse is studied
About Exodus
This page draws on Adam Clarke, Commentary on the Bible; Albert Barnes, Notes, Explanatory and Practical, on the Old and New Testaments (1832-1869); John Gill, Exposition of the Old Testament (1748-1763); John Gill, Exposition of the Old Testament and Matthew Henry, Commentary on the Whole Bible.