2 Samuel 21:17
in 2 Samuel 21But Abishai son of Zeruiah came to his aid, struck the Philistine, and killed him. Then David’s men swore to him, “You must never again go out with us to battle, so that the lamp of Israel may not be extinguished.”
BSB
The same verse in ASV and KJV ▾
ASV
But Abishai the son of Zeruiah succored him, and smote the Philistine, and killed him. Then the men of David sware unto him, saying, Thou shalt go no more out with us to battle, that thou quench not the lamp of Israel.
KJV
But Abishai the son of Zeruiah succoured him, and smote the Philistine, and killed him. Then the men of David sware unto him, saying, Thou shalt go no more out with us to battle, that thou quench not the light of Israel.
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This verse in 2 Samuel 21
Commentary
9 notes on this verseThat thou quench not the light of Israel - David is here considered as the lamp by which all Israel was guided, and without whom all the nation must be involved in darkness. The lamp is the emblem of direction and support. Light is used in this sense by Homer: - Ουδε τι Πατροκλῳ γενομην φαος, αυδ’ ἑταροισι Τοις αλλοις, οἱ δη πολεες δαμεν Ἑκτορι διῳ. Iliad, lib. xviii. ver. 102. “I have neither been a Light to Patroclus nor to his companions, who have been slain by the noble Hector.”
This site's exposition
quench not the light of Israel
Abishai kills the Philistine before he can kill David, and David's men respond with an oath of their own: he will fight beside them no more. Clarke reads the light of Israel as the lamp by which the whole nation finds its way, so that David's death in a skirmish would leave the kingdom in a darkness he alone had learned to hold back. The oath marks a hinge in the king's own story, the warrior who once ran toward Goliath is now the man his own soldiers must protect from running at all.
The record, by era
The Church Fathers2 voices
Entreat God—for this cause entreat Him. It is in our behalf indeed that it is done, but it is wholly for your sakes. For we are appointed for your advantage, and for your interests we are concerned.…For violent is the enemy we have. For each of you indeed anxiously thinks of his own interests, but we the concerns of all together. We stand in the part of the battle that is pressed on. The devil is more violently armed against us. For in wars too, he that is on the opposite side endeavors before all others to overthrow the general. For this reason all his fellow-combatants hasten there. For this reason there is much tumult, every one endeavoring to rescue him; they surround him with their shields, wishing to preserve his person. Hear what all the people said to David (I do not say this, as comparing myself to David, for I am not so mad, but because I wish to show the affection of the people for their ruler), "Thou shalt go no more out with us to battle, that thou quench not the lamp of Israel." See how anxious they were to spare the old man. I am greatly in need of your prayers. Let no one, as I have said, from an excessive humility deprive me of this alliance and succor. If our part be well approved, your own also will be more honorable. If our teaching flow abundantly, the riches will redound to you.
At this point someone may say that the priests of God ought to flee from such threatening dangers in order to save themselves for the service of the church in more peaceful times. It is right for some to do this when others are not lacking to supply the ministry of the church, so that it is not wholly abandoned. This is what Athanasius did, as I said before; for the body of Catholic believers knew how necessary and how profitable it was for the church to retain in the flesh a man who had defended it by words and heart's love against the Arian heretics. But when the danger is common to all and there is more reason to fear that the priest's escape may be attributed to a dread of death rather than an intention of future help, and when he does more harm by the example of his flight than he would do good by his preservation, there is no justifiable reason for doing it. Finally, there was holy David, who did not trust himself to the dangers of battle lest the lamp of Israel, as it is there said, "should be put out"; but he did not take this course himself—he did it because his followers begged him to do it. Otherwise, he would have had many cowardly imitators who would believe that he acted thus at the bidding of his own fear, not for any motive of usefulness to others.
The Puritans and the Awakening3 voices
They had easily persuaded him not to fight against Absalom ( ch. xviii. 3 ), but against the Philistines he would go, till, having had this narrow escape, it was resolved in council, and confirmed with an oath, that the light of Israel (its guide and glory, so David was) should never be put again into such hazard of being blown out.
Such a cause and such a champion, though distressed, shall not be deserted. When Abishai succoured him, gave him a cordial, it may be, to relieve his fainting spirits, or appeared as his second, he (namely, David, so I understand it) smote the Philistine and killed him; for it is said (
quarantine:debris (2026-07-29) — unbalanced-parens
1 Then there was a famine in the days of David three years, year after year; and David enquired of the L ORD . And the L ORD answered, It is for Saul, and for his bloody house, because he slew the Gibeonites.
quarantine:scripture (2026-07-29) — scripture-overlap:90%@v1
2 more voices on this verse
The Puritans and the Awakening1 voice
But Abishai the son of Zeruiah succoured him,....
The Nineteenth Century1 voice
A commentator
Jamieson, Fausset & Brown1802–1910
Commentary Critical and Explanatory on the Whole Bible (1871)
proposed
Moreover the Philistines had yet war again with Israel--Although the Philistines had completely succumbed to the army of David, yet the appearance of any gigantic champions among them revived their courage and stirred them up to renewed inroads on the Hebrew territory.
The words behind it
25 Hebrew wordsEvery Hebrew word of this verse in the order it stands, with what it means and the door to its own study. The last column counts the times a word stands in the whole Bible: the rarer the word, the more the places it appears belong together.
| Hebrew | Sound | Meaning | Word study | In the Bible |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| וַיַּֽעֲזָר־ | vaiyaazor- | and he helped | H5826 → | 81 times |
| לוֹ֙ | lo | <to> <the> him | ||
| אֲבִישַׁ֣י | ʾavishai | Abishai | H52 → | 25 times |
| בֶּן־ | ben- | [the] son of | H1121 → | 4930 times |
| צְרוּיָ֔ה | tzeruyah | Zeruiah | H6870 → | 26 times |
| וַיַּ֥ךְ | vaiyakh | and he struck | H5221 → | 499 times |
| אֶת־ | ʾet- | <obj.> | H853 → | 10935 times |
| הַפְּלִשְׁתִּ֖י | hapelishti | the Philistine | H6430 → | 287 times |
| וַיְמִיתֵ֑הוּ | vaymitehu | and he killed him | H4191 → | 839 times |
| אָ֣ז | ʾaz | then | H227 → | 141 times |
| נִשְׁבְּעוּ֩ | nishbeu | they swore | H7650 → | 186 times |
| אַנְשֵׁי־ | ʾanshei- | [the] men of | H582 → | 566 times |
| דָוִ֨ד | david | David | H1732 → | 999 times |
| ל֜וֹ | lo | to <the> him | ||
| לֵאמֹ֗ר | lemor | <to> saying | H559 → | 5305 times |
| לֹא־ | lo'- | not | H3808 → | 5168 times |
| תֵצֵ֨א | tetze' | you will go out | H3318 → | 1067 times |
| ע֤וֹד | od | again | H5750 → | 490 times |
| אִתָּ֙נוּ֙ | ʾitanu | with us | H854 → | 929 times |
| לַמִּלְחָמָ֔ה | lamilchamah | for <the> battle | H4421 → | 320 times |
| וְלֹ֥א | velo' | and not | H3808 → | 5168 times |
| תְכַבֶּ֖ה | tekhabeh | you will extinguish | H3518 → | |
| אֶת־ | ʾet- | <obj.> | H853 → | 10935 times |
| נֵ֥ר | ner | [the] lamp of | H5216 → | |
| יִשְׂרָאֵֽל׃ פ | yisrael | Israel | H3478 → | 2507 times |
וַיַּֽעֲזָר־and he helped
vaiyaazor-H5826 →81 times
לוֹ֙<to> <the> him
lo
אֲבִישַׁ֣יAbishai
ʾavishaiH52 →25 times
בֶּן־[the] son of
ben-H1121 →4930 times
צְרוּיָ֔הZeruiah
tzeruyahH6870 →26 times
וַיַּ֥ךְand he struck
vaiyakhH5221 →499 times
אֶת־<obj.>
ʾet-H853 →10935 times
הַפְּלִשְׁתִּ֖יthe Philistine
hapelishtiH6430 →287 times
וַיְמִיתֵ֑הוּand he killed him
vaymitehuH4191 →839 times
אָ֣זthen
ʾazH227 →141 times
נִשְׁבְּעוּ֩they swore
nishbeuH7650 →186 times
אַנְשֵׁי־[the] men of
ʾanshei-H582 →566 times
דָוִ֨דDavid
davidH1732 →999 times
ל֜וֹto <the> him
lo
לֵאמֹ֗ר<to> saying
lemorH559 →5305 times
לֹא־not
lo'-H3808 →5168 times
תֵצֵ֨אyou will go out
tetze'H3318 →1067 times
ע֤וֹדagain
odH5750 →490 times
אִתָּ֙נוּ֙with us
ʾitanuH854 →929 times
לַמִּלְחָמָ֔הfor <the> battle
lamilchamahH4421 →320 times
וְלֹ֥אand not
velo'H3808 →5168 times
תְכַבֶּ֖הyou will extinguish
tekhabehH3518 →
אֶת־<obj.>
ʾet-H853 →10935 times
נֵ֥ר[the] lamp of
nerH5216 →
יִשְׂרָאֵֽל׃ פIsrael
yisraelH3478 →2507 times
A shaded row is a word that stands 400 times or fewer in the Bible.
The walk
8 stopsEach card is a verse this one points to, and under it the verses that one points to in turn. Where several paths arrive at the same place, that place is listed first: the text keeps returning to it.
Through
Psalms 132:17There I will make a horn grow for David; I have prepared a lamp for My anointed one.
it leads to
- 2 Chronicles 21:7
Yet the LORD was unwilling to destroy the house of David, because of the covenant He had made with David, and since He had promised to maintain a lamp for David and his descendants…
Reached by 3 separate paths from here.
- Luke 1:69
He has raised up a horn of salvation for us in the house of His servant David,
- 1 Kings 15:4
Nevertheless, for the sake of David, the LORD his God gave him a lamp in Jerusalem by raising up a son to succeed him and to make Jerusalem strong.
Reached by 2 separate paths from here.
- Ezekiel 29:21
In that day I will cause a horn to sprout for the house of Israel, and I will open your mouth to speak among them. Then they will know that I am the LORD.”
- 2 Chronicles 21:7
Through
1 Kings 15:4Nevertheless, for the sake of David, the LORD his God gave him a lamp in Jerusalem by raising up a son to succeed him and to make Jerusalem strong.
it leads to
- 1 Kings 11:36
I will give one tribe to his son, so that My servant David will always have a lamp before Me in Jerusalem, the city where I chose to put My Name.
Reached by 2 separate paths from here.
- Psalms 132:17
There I will make a horn grow for David; I have prepared a lamp for My anointed one.
Reached by 2 separate paths from here.
- 1 Kings 11:36
Through
1 Kings 11:36I will give one tribe to his son, so that My servant David will always have a lamp before Me in Jerusalem, the city where I chose to put My Name.
it leads to
- 1 Kings 11:13
Yet I will not tear the whole kingdom away from him. I will give one tribe to your son for the sake of My servant David and for the sake of Jerusalem, which I…
- 2 Kings 8:19
Yet for the sake of His servant David, the LORD was unwilling to destroy Judah, since He had promised to maintain a lamp for David and his descendants forever.
- 1 Kings 11:13
Where this verse is studied
About 2 Samuel

This page draws on Adam Clarke, Commentary on the Bible; Augustine of Hippo, LETTER 228; Jamieson, Fausset & Brown, Commentary Critical and Explanatory on the Whole Bible; John Chrysostom, HOMILIES ON 2 THESSALONIANS 4; John Gill, Exposition of the Old Testament (1748-1763) and Matthew Henry, Commentary on the Whole Bible.
