1 Samuel 30:1
in 1 Samuel 30On the third day David and his men arrived in Ziklag, and the Amalekites had raided the Negev, attacked Ziklag, and burned it down.
BSB
The same verse in ASV and KJV ▾
ASV
And it came to pass, when David and his men were come to Ziklag on the third day, that the Amalekites had made a raid upon the South, and upon Ziklag, and had smitten Ziklag, and burned it with fire,
KJV
And it came to pass, when David and his men were come to Ziklag on the third day, that the Amalekites had invaded the south, and Ziklag, and smitten Ziklag, and burned it with fire;
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This verse in 1 Samuel 30
Commentary
7 notes on this verseA commentator
Albert Barnes1798–1870
Notes, Explanatory and Practical, on the Old and New Testaments (1832-1869)
On the third day - This indicates that Aphek was three days’ march from Ziklag, say about 50 miles, which agrees very well with the probable situation of Aphek (1Sa 4:1 note). From Ziklag to Shunem would not be less than 80 or 90 miles. The Amalekites, in retaliation of David’s raids 1Sa 27:8-9, invaded “the south” of Judah Jos 15:21; but owing to the absence of all the men with David there was no resistance, and consequently the women and children were carried off as prey, and uninjured.
This site's exposition
the Amalekites had invaded the south
on 1 Samuel 30:1-2
Ziklag burns while David and his six hundred are three days' march away, still shut out of the Philistine muster he had marched to join. The raiders take every woman and child alive and kill no one, which is calculation rather than mercy, since captives carry a price that corpses do not. Amalek strikes here as the war Saul left unfinished at chapter fifteen, when he spared the king and the best of the flocks that the ban had named for destruction.
The record, by era
The Medieval Church1 voice
They struck Ziklag, etc. Ziklag is interpreted as 'distillation of the drawn voice,' which those who strike and set on fire, who confuse the discernment of heard preaching with the battering ram of their arguments, and cast down the tranquility of ecclesiastical faith with the …
The Puritans and the Awakening2 voices
The cruelty of Saul's pity (as it proved) in sparing the Amalekites; if he had utterly destroyed them, as he ought to have done, these would not have been in being to do this mischief. How David was corrected for being so forward to go with the Philistines against Israel.
And it came to pass, when David and his men were come to Ziklag, on the third day,....
The Nineteenth Century2 voices
A commentator
Jamieson, Fausset & Brown1802–1910
Commentary Critical and Explanatory on the Whole Bible (1871)
Amalekites had invaded the south, and Ziklag, and smitten Ziklag--While the strength of the Philistine forces was poured out of their country into the plain of Esdraelon, the Amalekite marauders seized the opportunity of the defenseless state of Philistia to invade the southern territory.
On the third day - This was the third day after he had left the Philistine army at Aphek. Calmet supposes that Aphek was distant from Ziklag more than thirty leagues. The Amalekites had invaded - These were, doubtless, a travelling predatory horde, who, availing themselves of the war between the Philistines and the Israelites, plundered several unprotected towns, and among them Ziklag. It is likely they had not heard of what David did to some of their tribes, else they would have avenged themselves by slaying all they found in Ziklag.
The words behind it
19 Hebrew wordsEvery Hebrew word of this verse in the order it stands, with what it means and the door to its own study. The last column counts the times a word stands in the whole Bible: the rarer the word, the more the places it appears belong together.
| Hebrew | Sound | Meaning | Word study | In the Bible |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| וַיְהִ֞י | vayhi | and it was | H1961 → | 3559 times |
| בְּבֹ֨א | bevo' | when came | H935 → | 2568 times |
| דָוִ֧ד | david | David | H1732 → | 999 times |
| וַאֲנָשָׁ֛יו | vaanashav | and men his | H582 → | 566 times |
| צִֽקְלַ֖ג | tziklag | Ziklag | H6860 → | 15 times |
| בַּיּ֣וֹם | baiyom | on the day | H3117 → | 2304 times |
| הַשְּׁלִישִׁ֑י | hashelishi | <the> third | H7992 → | 107 times |
| וַעֲמָלֵקִ֣י | vaamalki | and [the] Amalekite[s] | H6003 → | 12 times |
| פָֽשְׁט֗וּ | fashetu | they had made a raid | H6584 → | 43 times |
| אֶל־ | ʾel- | against | H413 → | 5510 times |
| נֶ֙גֶב֙ | negev | [the] Negev | H5045 → | 112 times |
| וְאֶל־ | veel- | and against | H413 → | 5510 times |
| צִ֣קְלַ֔ג | tziklag | Ziklag | H6860 → | 15 times |
| וַיַּכּוּ֙ | vaiyaku | and they had struck | H5221 → | 499 times |
| אֶת־ | ʾet- | <obj.> | H853 → | 10935 times |
| צִ֣קְלַ֔ג | tziklag | Ziklag | H6860 → | 15 times |
| וַיִּשְׂרְפ֥וּ | vaiyisrefu | and they had burned | H8313 → | 117 times |
| אֹתָ֖הּ | ʾotah | <obj.> it | H853 → | 10935 times |
| בָּאֵֽשׁ׃ | baesh | with <the> fire | H784 → | 378 times |
וַיְהִ֞יand it was
vayhiH1961 →3559 times
בְּבֹ֨אwhen came
bevo'H935 →2568 times
דָוִ֧דDavid
davidH1732 →999 times
וַאֲנָשָׁ֛יוand men his
vaanashavH582 →566 times
צִֽקְלַ֖גZiklag
tziklagH6860 →15 times
בַּיּ֣וֹםon the day
baiyomH3117 →2304 times
הַשְּׁלִישִׁ֑י<the> third
hashelishiH7992 →107 times
וַעֲמָלֵקִ֣יand [the] Amalekite[s]
vaamalkiH6003 →12 times
פָֽשְׁט֗וּthey had made a raid
fashetuH6584 →43 times
אֶל־against
ʾel-H413 →5510 times
נֶ֙גֶב֙[the] Negev
negevH5045 →112 times
וְאֶל־and against
veel-H413 →5510 times
צִ֣קְלַ֔גZiklag
tziklagH6860 →15 times
וַיַּכּוּ֙and they had struck
vaiyakuH5221 →499 times
אֶת־<obj.>
ʾet-H853 →10935 times
צִ֣קְלַ֔גZiklag
tziklagH6860 →15 times
וַיִּשְׂרְפ֥וּand they had burned
vaiyisrefuH8313 →117 times
אֹתָ֖הּ<obj.> it
ʾotahH853 →10935 times
בָּאֵֽשׁ׃with <the> fire
baeshH784 →378 times
A shaded row is a word that stands 400 times or fewer in the Bible.
The walk
8 stopsEach card is a verse this one points to, and under it the verses that one points to in turn. Where several paths arrive at the same place, that place is listed first: the text keeps returning to it.
Through
Joshua 11:6Then the LORD said to Joshua, “Do not be afraid of them, for by this time tomorrow I will deliver all of them slain before Israel. You are to hamstring their horses and burn…
it leads to
- Joshua 10:8
The LORD said to Joshua, “Do not be afraid of them, for I have delivered them into your hand. Not one of them shall stand against you.”
- 2 Samuel 8:4
David captured from him a thousand chariots, seven thousand charioteers, and twenty thousand foot soldiers, and he hamstrung all the horses except a hundred he kept for the chariots.
- Joshua 10:8
Through
1 Samuel 15:7Then Saul struck down the Amalekites all the way from Havilah to Shur, which is east of Egypt.
it leads to
- 1 Samuel 14:48
He fought valiantly and defeated the Amalekites, delivering Israel from the hands of its plunderers.
- Genesis 16:7
Now the angel of the LORD found Hagar by a spring of water in the desert—the spring along the road to Shur.
- Genesis 25:18
Ishmael’s descendants settled from Havilah to Shur, which is near the border of Egypt as you go toward Asshur. And they lived in hostility toward all their brothers.
- 1 Samuel 27:8
Now David and his men went up and raided the Geshurites, the Girzites, and the Amalekites. (From ancient times these people had inhabited the land extending to Shur and Egypt.)
- Genesis 2:11
The name of the first river is Pishon; it winds through the whole land of Havilah, where there is gold.
- 1 Samuel 14:48
Through
1 Samuel 29:4But the commanders of the Philistines were angry with Achish and told him, “Send that man back and let him return to the place you assigned him. He must not go down with us…
it leads to
- 1 Samuel 14:21
And the Hebrews who had previously gone up into the surrounding camps of the Philistines now went over to the Israelites who were with Saul and Jonathan.
- 1 Samuel 14:21
About 1 Samuel
Who and where
2 names in this verse with a page on the site.
This page draws on Adam Clarke, Commentary on the Bible; Albert Barnes, Notes, Explanatory and Practical, on the Old and New Testaments (1832-1869); Albert Barnes, Notes on the Old Testament; Bede, Commentary on Samuel; Jamieson, Fausset & Brown, Commentary Critical and Explanatory on the Whole Bible; John Gill, Exposition of the Old Testament (1748-1763) and Matthew Henry, Commentary on the Whole Bible.