Deuteronomychapter 21
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Original Language
Deuteronomy 21— Hebrew word study · with the Hebrew tradition
How to read a word below: the Hebrewword, then how it sounds, then what it means, then its number in Strong’s concordance, a widely used lookup this site follows (H for Hebrew and Aramaic, G for Greek). Square brackets hold a word the English supplies that the Hebrew does not, angle brackets mark the Hebrew’s own grammatical elements that English renders as separate words, and the mark ס or פ is where the Hebrew manuscripts end a paragraph.
A heifer in the valley for unsolved blood1
Deuteronomy 21:1· Hebrew and glosses: STEP Bible
כִּי־ki-ifH3588יִמָּצֵ֣אyimatze'it will be foundH4672חָלָ֗לchalal[one] slainH2491בָּאֲדָמָה֙baadamahin the landH127אֲשֶׁר֩ʾasherwhichH834יְהוָ֨הyahwehYahwehH3068אֱלֹהֶ֜יךָʾeloheikhaGod yourH430נֹתֵ֤ןnoten[is] about to giveH5414לְךָ֙lekhato <the> youלְרִשְׁתָּ֔הּlerishtahto take possession of itH3423נֹפֵ֖לnofellyingH5307בַּשָּׂדֶ֑הbasadehin the open countryH7704לֹ֥אlo'notH3808נוֹדַ֖עnoda'it is knownH3045מִ֥יmiwho?H4310הִכָּֽהוּ׃hikahudid he strike himH5221
Ibn Ezra on Deuteronomy 21:1
As Scripture mentions the war against enemies, 1 In the previous chapter.
Read it in full at Sefaria · Ibn Ezra's commentary on the Pentateuch, tran. and annot. by H. Norman Strickman and Arthur M. Silver. Menorah Pub., 1988-2004
Deuteronomy 21:2· Hebrew and glosses: STEP Bible
וְיָצְא֥וּveyatzeuand they will go outH3318זְקֵנֶ֖יךָzekeneichaelders yourH2205וְשֹׁפְטֶ֑יךָveshofeteikhaand judges yourH8199וּמָדְדוּ֙umadeduand they will measureH4058אֶל־ʾel-toH413הֶ֣עָרִ֔יםhearimthe citiesH5892אֲשֶׁ֖רʾasherwhichH834סְבִיבֹ֥תsevivot[are] aroundH5439הֶחָלָֽל׃hechalalthe [one] slainH2491
Deuteronomy 21:3· Hebrew and glosses: STEP Bible
וְהָיָ֣הvehayahand it will beH1961הָעִ֔ירhairthe cityH5892הַקְּרֹבָ֖הhakerovah<the> nearH7138אֶל־ʾel-toH413הֶחָלָ֑לhechalalthe [one] slainH2491וְלָֽקְח֡וּvelakechuand they will takeH3947זִקְנֵי֩ziknei[the] elders ofH2205הָעִ֨ירhairthe cityH5892הַהִ֜ואhahiv'<the> thatH1931עֶגְלַ֣תʾeglata heifer ofH5697בָּקָ֗רbakar[the] herdH1241אֲשֶׁ֤רʾasherwhichH834לֹֽא־lo'-notH3808עֻבַּד֙ʾubadit has been workedH5647בָּ֔הּbahby <the> itאֲשֶׁ֥רʾasherwhichH834לֹא־lo'-notH3808מָשְׁכָ֖הmashekhahit has draggedH4900בְּעֹֽל׃beolby a yokeH5923
Deuteronomy 21:4· Hebrew and glosses: STEP Bible
וְהוֹרִ֡דוּvehoriduand they will bring downH3381זִקְנֵי֩ziknei[the] elders ofH2205הָעִ֨ירhairthe cityH5892הַהִ֤ואhahiv'<the> thatH1931אֶת־ʾet-<obj.>H853הָֽעֶגְלָה֙haeglahthe heiferH5697אֶל־ʾel-toH413נַ֣חַלnachala wadiH5158אֵיתָ֔ןʾeitanever-flowingH386אֲשֶׁ֛רʾasherwhichH834לֹא־lo'-notH3808יֵעָבֵ֥דyeavedit is tilledH5647בּ֖וֹboin <the> itוְלֹ֣אvelo'and notH3808יִזָּרֵ֑עַyizarea'it is sownH2232וְעָֽרְפוּ־vearefu-and they will break [the] neck ofH6202שָׁ֥םshamthereH8033אֶת־ʾet-<obj.>H853הָעֶגְלָ֖הhaeglahthe heiferH5697בַּנָּֽחַל׃banachalin the wadiH5158
Deuteronomy 21:5· Hebrew and glosses: STEP Bible
וְנִגְּשׁ֣וּvenigeshuand they will draw nearH5066הַכֹּהֲנִים֮hakohanimthe priestsH3548בְּנֵ֣יbenei[the] sons ofH1121לֵוִי֒leviLeviH3878כִּ֣יkiforH3588בָ֗םvam<in> <the> themבָּחַ֞רbacharhe has chosenH977יְהוָ֤הyahwehYahwehH3068אֱלֹהֶ֙יךָ֙ʾeloheikhaGod yourH430לְשָׁ֣רְת֔וֹlesharetoto serve himH8334וּלְבָרֵ֖ךְulevarekhand to blessH1288בְּשֵׁ֣םbeshemin [the] name ofH8034יְהוָ֑הyahwehYahwehH3068וְעַל־veal-and onH5921פִּיהֶ֥םpihemmouth theirH6310יִהְיֶ֖הyihyehit will beH1961כָּל־kol-everyH3605רִ֥יבrivdisputeH7379וְכָל־vekholand everyH3605נָֽגַע׃naga'woundH5061
Deuteronomy 21:6· Hebrew and glosses: STEP Bible
וְכֹ֗לvekholand allH3605זִקְנֵי֙ziknei[the] elders ofH2205הָעִ֣ירhairthe cityH5892הַהִ֔ואhahiv'<the> thatH1931הַקְּרֹבִ֖יםhakerovim<the> nearH7138אֶל־ʾel-toH413הֶחָלָ֑לhechalalthe [one] slainH2491יִרְחֲצוּ֙yirchatzuthey will washH7364אֶת־ʾet-<obj.>H853יְדֵיהֶ֔םyedeihemhands theirH3027עַל־ʾal-overH5921הָעֶגְלָ֖הhaeglahthe heiferH5697הָעֲרוּפָ֥הhaarufah<the> broken neckedH6202בַנָּֽחַל׃vanachalin the wadiH5158
Deuteronomy 21:7· Hebrew and glosses: STEP Bible
וְעָנ֖וּveanuand they will answerH6030וְאָמְר֑וּveameruand they will sayH559יָדֵ֗ינוּyadeinuhands ourH3027לֹ֤אlo'notH3808שָֽׁפְכוּ֙shafekhahthey shedH8210אֶת־ʾet-<obj.>H853הַדָּ֣םhadamthe bloodH1818הַזֶּ֔הhazeh<the> thisH2088וְעֵינֵ֖ינוּveeineinuand eyes ourH5869לֹ֥אlo'notH3808רָאֽוּ׃rauthey sawH7200
Deuteronomy 21:8· Hebrew and glosses: STEP Bible
כַּפֵּר֩kapermake atonementH3722לְעַמְּךָ֨leamekhafor people yourH5971יִשְׂרָאֵ֤לyisraelIsraelH3478אֲשֶׁר־ʾasher-whichH834פָּדִ֙יתָ֙paditayou ransomedH6299יְהוָ֔הyahwehO YahwehH3068וְאַל־veal-and may notH408תִּתֵּן֙titenyou putH5414דָּ֣םdambloodH1818נָקִ֔יnakiinnocentH5355בְּקֶ֖רֶבbekerevin [the] midst ofH7130עַמְּךָ֣ʾamekhapeople yourH5971יִשְׂרָאֵ֑לyisraelIsraelH3478וְנִכַּפֵּ֥רvenikkaperand it will be atoned forH3722לָהֶ֖םlahemfor <the> themהַדָּֽם׃hadamthe bloodH1818
Deuteronomy 21:9· Hebrew and glosses: STEP Bible
וְאַתָּ֗הveatahand youH859תְּבַעֵ֛רtevaeryou will removeH1197הַדָּ֥םhadamthe bloodH1818הַנָּקִ֖יhanaki<the> innocentH5355מִקִּרְבֶּ֑ךָmikirbechafrom midst yourH7130כִּֽי־ki-forH3588תַעֲשֶׂ֥הtaasehyou will doH6213הַיָּשָׁ֖רhaiyasharthe rightH3477בְּעֵינֵ֥יbeeineiin [the] eyes ofH5869יְהוָֽה׃ סyahwehYahwehH3068
A captive woman given a month to mourn10
Deuteronomy 21:10· Hebrew and glosses: STEP Bible
כִּֽי־ki-ifH3588תֵצֵ֥אtetze'you will go outH3318לַמִּלְחָמָ֖הlamilchamahto <the> warH4421עַל־ʾal-onH5921אֹיְבֶ֑יךָʾoyeveikhaenemies yourH341וּנְתָנ֞וֹunetanoand he will give himH5414יְהוָ֧הyahwehYahwehH3068אֱלֹהֶ֛יךָʾeloheikhaGod yourH430בְּיָדֶ֖ךָbeyadekhain hand yourH3027וְשָׁבִ֥יתָveshavitaand you will take captiveH7617שִׁבְיֽוֹ׃shivyocaptive[s] hisH7628
Deuteronomy 21:11· Hebrew and glosses: STEP Bible
וְרָאִיתָ֙veraitaand you will seeH7200בַּשִּׁבְיָ֔הbashivyahamong the [female] captive[s]H7633אֵ֖שֶׁתʾesheta womanH802יְפַת־yefat-beautiful ofH3303תֹּ֑אַרtoarappearanceH8389וְחָשַׁקְתָּ֣vechashaktaand you will loveH2836בָ֔הּvah<in> <the> herוְלָקַחְתָּ֥velakachtaand you will take [her]H3947לְךָ֖lekhafor <the> yourselfלְאִשָּֽׁה׃leishahto a wifeH802
Deuteronomy 21:12· Hebrew and glosses: STEP Bible
וַהֲבֵאתָ֖הּvahavetahand you will bring herH935אֶל־ʾel-intoH413תּ֣וֹךְtokh[the] middle ofH8432בֵּיתֶ֑ךָbeitekhahouse yourH1004וְגִלְּחָה֙vegilechahand she will shaveH1548אֶת־ʾet-<obj.>H853רֹאשָׁ֔הּroshahhead herH7218וְעָשְׂתָ֖הveasetahand she will attend toH6213אֶת־ʾet-<obj.>H853צִפָּרְנֶֽיהָ׃tzipareneihafinger-nails herH6856
Ramban on Deuteronomy 21:12
“She shall ‘let them grow,’ [the reason being] that she should become repulsive.” This is Rashi’s language which accords with the words of Rabbi Akiba, 3 Sifre, Ki Theitzei. and so did Onkelos explain it [“and she shall let her nails grow”].
Read it in full at Sefaria · Commentary on the Torah by Ramban (Nachmanides). Translated and annotated by Charles B. Chavel. New York, Shilo Pub. House, 1971-1976
Deuteronomy 21:13· Hebrew and glosses: STEP Bible
וְהֵסִ֩ירָה֩vehesirahand she will removeH5493אֶת־ʾet-<obj.>H853שִׂמְלַ֨תsimlat[the] clothing ofH8071שִׁבְיָ֜הּshivyahcaptivity herH7628מֵעָלֶ֗יהָmealeihafrom on <the> herH5921וְיָֽשְׁבָה֙veyashevahand she will dwellH3427בְּבֵיתֶ֔ךָbeveitekhain house yourH1004וּבָֽכְתָ֛הuvakhetahand she will weep forH1058אֶת־ʾet-<obj.>H853אָבִ֥יהָʾavihafather herH1וְאֶת־veetand <obj.>H853אִמָּ֖הּʾimahmother herH517יֶ֣רַחyeracha month ofH3391יָמִ֑יםyamimdaysH3117וְאַ֨חַרveacharand afterH310כֵּ֜ןkenthusH3651תָּב֤וֹאtavo'you will goH935אֵלֶ֙יהָ֙ʾeleihainto herH413וּבְעַלְתָּ֔הּuvealtahand you will be husband herH1167וְהָיְתָ֥הvehayetahand she will becomeH1961לְךָ֖lekhaof youלְאִשָּֽׁה׃leishah<into> a wifeH802
Ramban on Deuteronomy 21:13
The Rabbis have commented in the Sifre: 15 Sifre, Ki Theitzei 213 and Yebamoth 48b. “You have no privilege in her except cohabitation.” By this the Rabbis meant to say that betrothal with money or a writ. This is a document stating.
Read it in full at Sefaria · Commentary on the Torah by Ramban (Nachmanides). Translated and annotated by Charles B. Chavel. New York, Shilo Pub. House, 1971-1976
Deuteronomy 21:14· Hebrew and glosses: STEP Bible
וְהָיָ֞הvehayahand it will beH1961אִם־ʾim-ifH518לֹ֧אlo'notH3808חָפַ֣צְתָּchafatztayou delightH2654בָּ֗הּbahin <the> herוְשִׁלַּחְתָּהּ֙veshilachtahand you will let go herH7971לְנַפְשָׁ֔הּlenafshahfor self herH5315וּמָכֹ֥רumakhorand certainly <sell>H4376לֹא־lo'-notH3808תִמְכְּרֶ֖נָּהtimkerenahyou will sell herH4376בַּכָּ֑סֶףbakaseffor <the> moneyH3701לֹא־lo'-notH3808תִתְעַמֵּ֣רtitameryou will treat as a slaveH6014בָּ֔הּbah<in> <the> herתַּ֖חַתtachatbecauseH8478אֲשֶׁ֥רʾasherthatH834עִנִּיתָֽהּ׃ סʾinitahyou have humiliated herH6031
Ramban on Deuteronomy 21:14
[AND IT SHALL BE, IF THOU HAVE NO DESIRE FOR HER,] THEN THOU SHALT LET HER GO WHITHER SHE WILL. The Rabbis have said thereon in the Sifre: 44 Sifre, Ki Theitzei. “But not to her fathers’ house.
Read it in full at Sefaria · Commentary on the Torah by Ramban (Nachmanides). Translated and annotated by Charles B. Chavel. New York, Shilo Pub. House, 1971-1976
The unloved wife's son keeps his double portion15
Deuteronomy 21:15· Hebrew and glosses: STEP Bible
כִּֽי־ki-ifH3588תִהְיֶ֨יןָtihyeinathey will belongH1961לְאִ֜ישׁleishto a manH376שְׁתֵּ֣יsheteitwoH8147נָשִׁ֗יםnashimwivesH802הָאַחַ֤תhaachatthe oneH259אֲהוּבָה֙ʾahuvah[is] lovedH157וְהָאַחַ֣תvehaachatand the oneH259שְׂנוּאָ֔הsenuah[is] hatedH8130וְיָֽלְדוּ־veyaldu-and they will bearH3205ל֣וֹloto <the> himבָנִ֔יםvanimsonsH1121הָאֲהוּבָ֖הhaahuvahthe loved [one]H157וְהַשְּׂנוּאָ֑הvehasenuahand the hated [one]H8130וְהָיָ֛הvehayahand he will belongH1961הַבֵּ֥ןhabenthe sonH1121הַבְּכ֖וֹרhabekhorthe firstbornH1060לַשְּׂנִיאָֽה׃laseniahto the hated [wife]H8146
Deuteronomy 21:16· Hebrew and glosses: STEP Bible
וְהָיָ֗הvehayahand it will beH1961בְּיוֹם֙beyomon [the] dayH3117הַנְחִיל֣וֹhanchilocauses to inherit heH5157אֶת־ʾet-<obj.>H853בָּנָ֔יוbanavsons hisH1121אֵ֥תʾet<obj.>H853אֲשֶׁר־ʾasher-[that] whichH834יִהְיֶ֖הyihyehit will belongH1961ל֑וֹloto <the> himלֹ֣אlo'notH3808יוּכַ֗לyukhalhe will be ableH3201לְבַכֵּר֙levakerto treat as firstbornH1069אֶת־ʾet-<obj.>H853בֶּן־ben-[the] sonH1121הָ֣אֲהוּבָ֔הhaahuvahthe loved [one]H157עַל־ʾal-onH5921פְּנֵ֥יpenei[the] face ofH6440בֶן־ven-[the] son ofH1121הַשְּׂנוּאָ֖הhasenuahthe hated [one]H8130הַבְּכֹֽר׃habekhorthe firstbornH1060
Deuteronomy 21:17· Hebrew and glosses: STEP Bible
כִּי֩kithatH3588אֶת־ʾet-<obj.>H853הַבְּכֹ֨רhabekhorthe firstbornH1060בֶּן־ben-[the] son ofH1121הַשְּׂנוּאָ֜הhasenuahthe hated [one]H8130יַכִּ֗ירyakirhe will acknowledgeH5234לָ֤תֶתlatetby givingH5414לוֹ֙loto <the> himפִּ֣יpia mouth ofH6310שְׁנַ֔יִםshenayimtwoH8147בְּכֹ֥לbekholin allH3605אֲשֶׁר־ʾasher-thatH834יִמָּצֵ֖אyimatze'it will be foundH4672ל֑וֹloto <the> himכִּי־ki-forH3588הוּא֙hu'heH1931רֵאשִׁ֣יתreshit[is] [the] beginning ofH7225אֹנ֔וֹʾonomanly vigor hisH202ל֖וֹlo[belongs] to <the> himמִשְׁפַּ֥טmishpat[the] claim ofH4941הַבְּכֹרָֽה׃ סhabekhorahthe birthrightH1062
A stubborn and rebellious son18
Deuteronomy 21:18· Hebrew and glosses: STEP Bible
כִּֽי־ki-ifH3588יִהְיֶ֣הyihyehhe will belongH1961לְאִ֗ישׁleishto anyoneH376בֵּ֚ןbena sonH1121סוֹרֵ֣רsorerstubbornH5637וּמוֹרֶ֔הumorehand rebelliousH4784אֵינֶ֣נּוּʾeinenunot heH369שֹׁמֵ֔עַshomea'[is] listeningH8085בְּק֥וֹלbekolto [the] voice ofH6963אָבִ֖יוʾavivfather hisH1וּבְק֣וֹלuvekoland to [the] voice ofH6963אִמּ֑וֹʾimomother hisH517וְיסְּר֣וּveyiseruand they will disciplineH3256אֹת֔וֹʾoto<obj.> himH853וְלֹ֥אvelo'and notH3808יִשְׁמַ֖עyishma'he will listenH8085אֲלֵיהֶֽם׃ʾaleihemto themH413
Deuteronomy 21:19· Hebrew and glosses: STEP Bible
וְתָ֥פְשׂוּvetafesuand they will seizeH8610ב֖וֹvo<in> <the> himאָבִ֣יוʾavivfather hisH1וְאִמּ֑וֹveimoand mother hisH517וְהוֹצִ֧יאוּvehotziuand they will bring outH3318אֹת֛וֹʾoto<obj.> himH853אֶל־ʾel-toH413זִקְנֵ֥יziknei[the] elders ofH2205עִיר֖וֹirocity hisH5892וְאֶל־veel-and toH413שַׁ֥עַרshaar[the] gate ofH8179מְקֹמֽוֹ׃mekomoplace hisH4725
Deuteronomy 21:20· Hebrew and glosses: STEP Bible
וְאָמְר֞וּveameruand they will sayH559אֶל־ʾel-toH413זִקְנֵ֣יziknei[the] elders ofH2205עִיר֗וֹirocity hisH5892בְּנֵ֤נוּbenenuson ourH1121זֶה֙zehthisH2088סוֹרֵ֣רsorer[is] stubbornH5637וּמֹרֶ֔הumorehand rebelliousH4784אֵינֶ֥נּוּʾeinenunot heH369שֹׁמֵ֖עַshomea'[is] listeningH8085בְּקֹלֵ֑נוּbekolenuto voice ourH6963זוֹלֵ֖לzolela gluttonH2151וְסֹבֵֽא׃vesove'and a drunkardH5433
Deuteronomy 21:21· Hebrew and glosses: STEP Bible
וּ֠רְגָמֻהוּuregamuhuand they will stone himH7275כָּל־kol-allH3605אַנְשֵׁ֨יʾanshei[the] men ofH582עִיר֤וֹirocity hisH5892בָֽאֲבָנִים֙vaavanimwith <the> stonesH68וָמֵ֔תvametand he will dieH4191וּבִֽעַרְתָּ֥uviartaand you will removeH1197הָרָ֖עhara'the evilH7451מִקִּרְבֶּ֑ךָmikirbechafrom midst yourH7130וְכָל־vekholand allH3605יִשְׂרָאֵ֖לyisraelIsraelH3478יִשְׁמְע֥וּyishmeuthey will hearH8085וְיִרָֽאוּ׃ סveyirauand they may fearH3372
Cursed is everyone that hangs on a tree22
Deuteronomy 21:22· Hebrew and glosses: STEP Bible
וְכִֽי־vekhi-and ifH3588יִהְיֶ֣הyihyehit will beH1961בְאִ֗ישׁveishin anyoneH376חֵ֛טְאchet'a sin ofH2399מִשְׁפַּט־mishpat-a sentence ofH4941מָ֖וֶתmavetdeathH4194וְהוּמָ֑תvehumatand he will be put to deathH4191וְתָלִ֥יתָvetalitaand you will hangH8518אֹת֖וֹʾoto<obj.> himH853עַל־ʾal-onH5921עֵֽץ׃ʾetza treeH6086
Deuteronomy 21:23· Hebrew and glosses: STEP Bible
לֹא־lo'-notH3808תָלִ֨יןtalinit will remain overnightH3885נִבְלָת֜וֹnivlatocorpse hisH5038עַל־ʾal-onH5921הָעֵ֗ץhaetzthe treeH6086כִּֽי־ki-forH3588קָב֤וֹרkavorcertainly <to bury>H6912תִּקְבְּרֶ֙נּוּ֙tikberenuyou will bury himH6912בַּיּ֣וֹםbaiyomon the dayH3117הַה֔וּאhahu'<the> thatH1931כִּֽי־ki-forH3588קִלְלַ֥תkilat[is] a curse ofH7045אֱלֹהִ֖יםʾelohimGodH430תָּל֑וּיtalui[one who] is hangedH8518וְלֹ֤אvelo'and notH3808תְטַמֵּא֙tetame'you will make uncleanH2930אֶת־ʾet-<obj.>H853אַדְמָ֣תְךָ֔ʾadmatekhaland yourH127אֲשֶׁר֙ʾasherwhichH834יְהוָ֣הyahwehYahwehH3068אֱלֹהֶ֔יךָʾeloheikhaGod yourH430נֹתֵ֥ןnoten[is] about to giveH5414לְךָ֖lekhato <the> youנַחֲלָֽה׃ סnachalahan inheritanceH5159