Mark 2:26
in Mark 2During the high priesthood of Abiathar, he entered the house of God and ate the consecrated bread, which was lawful only for the priests. And he gave some to his companions as well.”
BSB
The same verse in ASV and KJV ▾
ASV
How he entered into the house of God when Abiathar was high priest, and ate the showbread, which it is not lawful to eat save for the priests, and gave also to them that were with him?
KJV
How he went into the house of God in the days of Abiathar the high priest, and did eat the shewbread, which is not lawful to eat but for the priests, and gave also to them which were with him?
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This verse in Mark 2
Commentary
13 notes on this verse(ubi sup.) There is, however, no discrepancy, for both were there, when David came to ask for bread, and received it: that is to say, Abimelech, the High Priest, and Abiathar his son; but Abimelech having been slain by Saul, Abiathar fled to David, and became the companion of all his exile afterwards. When he came to the throne, he himself also received the rank of High Priest, and the son became of much greater excellence than the father, and therefore was worthy to be mentioned as the High Priest, even during his fathers life-time.
This site's exposition
Have you never read what David did
on Mark 2:25-26
The phrase During the high priesthood of Abiathar is a known difficulty, since 1 Samuel 21 names Ahimelech, the father of Abiathar, in office. Some explain that Abiathar was present and became the better known high priest.
This site's exposition
During the high priesthood of Abiathar
John Gill notes that the house of God here is the tabernacle, since the temple was not yet built. Matthew Henry suggests Abiathar was already assisting his father. He escaped the massacre that followed and brought the ephod to David.
The record, by era
The Church Fathers1 voice
(Vict. Ant. e Cat. in Marc.) But our Lord brings forward David, to whom it once happened to eat though it was forbidden by the law, when he touched the Priest's food, that by his example, he might do away with their accusation of the disciples. For there follows, Have ye never read, &c.
The Medieval Church2 voices
For David, when flying from the face of Saul, went to the Chief Priest, and ate the show-bread, and took away the sword of Goliath, which things had been offered to the Lord. (1 Sam. 21.) But a question has been raised how the Evangelist called Abiathar at this time High Priest, when the Book of Kings calls him Abimelech. Or else, because when they hare rest from their passions, then are they made doctors to lead others to virtue, plucking away from them earthly things.
The disciples of the Lord plucked the ears of grain, as men accustomed to living no longer under the law. When the Pharisees became indignant at this, Christ silences them by pointing to David, who out of necessity broke the law during the time of …
The Puritans and the Awakening2 voices
How he went into the house of God,.... The tabernacle; for the temple was not yet built: thither David went to get bread for himself and his men, being hungry: so in a spiritual sense, where should such go, who are hungering and thirsting after righteousness, but into the house of God?
This, it is said, David did in the days of Abiathar the High-Priest; or just before the days of Abiathar, who immediately succeeded Abimelech his father in the pontificate, and, it is probable, was at that time his father's deputy, or assistant, in the office; and he it was that escaped the massacre, and brought the ephod to David.
5 more voices on this verse
The Puritans and the Awakening2 voices
3 And they come unto him, bringing one sick of the palsy, which was borne of four. 4 And when they could not come nigh unto him for the press, they uncovered the roof where he was: and when they had broken it up, they let down the bed wherein the sick of the palsy lay. 5 When Jesus saw their faith, he said unto the sick of the palsy, Son, thy sins be forgiven thee.
quarantine:scripture (2026-07-29) — verbatim-scripture
In the days of Abiathar the high priest - Abimelech, the father of Abiathar, was high priest then; Abiathar himself not till some time after. This phrase therefore only means, In the time of Abiathar, who was afterward the high priest.
The Nineteenth Century3 voices
The days of Abiathar the high priest - It appears from 1Sa 21:1, which is the place referred to here, that Ahimelech was then high priest at Nob: and from 1Sa 22:20; 1Sa 23:6, and 1Ch 18:16, it appears that Abiathar was the son of Ahimelech. The Persic reads Abimelech instead of Abiathar. Theophylact supposes that Abiathar was the priest, and Ahimelech or Abimelech the high priest, and thus endeavors to reconcile both the sacred historians. Others reconcile the accounts thus: Ahimelech was called Ahimelech Abiathar, אב ab, father, understood; and Abiathar was called Abiathar Ahimelech, בן ben, son, understood.
A commentator
J.C. Ryle1816–1900
Expository Thoughts on the Gospels: Mark (lightly modernized text, Grace Gems edition) (1857)
proposed
These verses set before us a remarkable scene in our Lord Jesus Christ's earthly ministry. We see our blessed Master and His disciples going "through the grainfields on the Sabbath day." We are told that His disciples, "as they went, began to pluck heads of grain." At once we hear the Pharisees accusing them to our Lord, as if they had committed some great moral offence. "Why are they doing that which is not lawful on the Sabbath day?" They received an answer full of deep wisdom, which all should study well, who desire to understand the subject of Sabbath observance. We see from these verses, what extravagant importance is attached to trifles by those who are mere formalists in religion. The Pharisees were mere formalists, if there ever were any in the world. They seem to have thought exclusively of the outward part, the husk, the shell, and the ceremonial of religion. They even added to these externals by traditions of their own. Their godliness was made up of washings, and fastings, and peculiarities in dress, and will-worship, while repentance, and faith, and holiness were comparatively overlooked. The Pharisees would probably have found no fault, if the disciples had been guilty of some offence against the moral law. They would have winked at covetousness, or perjury, or extortions, or excess, because they were sins to which they themselves were inclined. But no sooner did they see an infringement on their man-made traditions about the right way of keeping the Sabbath, than they raised an outcry, and found fault. Let us watch and pray, lest we fall into the error of the Pharisees. There are never lacking professors who walk in their steps. There are thousands at the present day who plainly think more of the mere outward ceremonial of religion than of its doctrines.
A commentator
J.C. Ryle1816–1900
Expository Thoughts on the Gospels: Mark (lightly modernized text, Grace Gems edition) (1857)
proposed
These verses set before us a remarkable scene in our Lord Jesus Christ's earthly ministry. We see our blessed Master and His disciples going "through the grainfields on the Sabbath day." We are told that His disciples, "as they went, began to pluck heads of grain." At once we hear the Pharisees accusing them to our Lord, as if they had committed some great moral offence. "Why are they doing that which is not lawful on the Sabbath day?"
How the passage was read
On Mark 2:18-28On Mark 2:18-28
The bridegroom's exemption and the Sabbath made for man
Two collisions sit side by side here, and both run on ground the tradition itself honors. The fasting question (verses 18-22) comes from devout practice: voluntary fasts, typically Monday and Thursday, kept by the pious beyond the Torah's one commanded fast. Jesus answers from wedding law: the tradition exempts a bridegroom from reciting the Shema on his wedding night because joy overrides duty (Mishnah Berakhot 2:5). “Can the children of the bridechamber fast, while the bridegroom is with them?” claims that exemption for His disciples, and names Himself the Bridegroom, a role the Prophets give to God (Hosea 2, Isaiah 62:5).
The grainfield scene (verses 23-28) is unpacked in detail in this site's Matthew 12 note (the thirty-nine categories of Sabbath labor; plucking as reaping). What Mark alone preserves is the saying “The sabbath was made for man, and not man for the sabbath,” and it has a striking parallel in the tradition itself: “Shabbat is given into your hands, and you are not given to it” (Babylonian Talmud, Yoma 85b). Jesus argues on ground the sages would themselves articulate, then goes where no sage went: “therefore the Son of man is Lord also of the sabbath.”
This section is reception history: how the passage was read and kept in the Jewish tradition. Where a reading parts from an essential of the Christian faith, the section says so at that point.
Sources: Mishnah Berakhot 2:5 (the bridegroom's exemption) · Yoma 85b (Babylonian Talmud: the Sabbath given into your hands)
The words behind it
31 Greek wordsEvery Greek word of this verse in the order it stands, with what it means and the door to its own study. The last column counts the times a word stands in the whole Bible: the rarer the word, the more the places it appears belong together.
| Greek | Sound | Meaning | Word study | In the Bible |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| πῶς | pos | How | G4459 → | 103 times |
| εἰσῆλθεν | eiselthen | he entered | G1525 → | 194 times |
| εἰς | eis | into | G1519 → | 1755 times |
| τὸν | ton | the | G3588 → | 19766 times |
| οἶκον | oikon | house | G3624 → | 112 times |
| τοῦ | tou | <the> | G3588 → | 19766 times |
| θεοῦ | theou | of God | G2316 → | 1312 times |
| ἐπὶ | epi | in [the days of] | G1909 → | 883 times |
| Ἀβιαθὰρ | abiathar | Abiathar | G8 → | |
| ἀρχιερέως | archiereos | high priest | G749 → | 122 times |
| καὶ | kai | and | G2532 → | 9120 times |
| τοὺς | tous | the | G3588 → | 19766 times |
| ἄρτους | artous | loaves | G740 → | 97 times |
| τῆς | tes | of the | G3588 → | 19766 times |
| προθέσεως | protheseos | presentation | G4286 → | |
| ἔφαγεν | ephagen | ate | G5315 → | 93 times |
| οὓς | hous | which | G3739 → | 1405 times |
| οὐκ | ouk | not | G3756 → | 1664 times |
| ἔξεστιν | exestin | it is lawful | G1832 → | 31 times |
| φαγεῖν | phagein | to eat | G5315 → | 93 times |
| εἰ | ei | only | G1487 → | 508 times |
| μὴ | me | except | G3361 → | 1066 times |
| τοὺς | tous | for the | G3588 → | 19766 times |
| ἱερεῖς, | hi'ereis | priests, | G2409 → | |
| καὶ | kai | And | G2532 → | 9120 times |
| ἔδωκεν | edoken | he gave | G1325 → | 412 times |
| καὶ | kai | even | G2532 → | 9120 times |
| τοῖς | tois | to those | G3588 → | 19766 times |
| σὺν | sun | with | G4862 → | 128 times |
| αὐτῷ | auto | him | G846 → | 5565 times |
| οὖσιν; | ousin | being? | G1510 → | 2333 times |
πῶςHow
posG4459 →103 times
εἰσῆλθενhe entered
eiselthenG1525 →194 times
εἰςinto
eisG1519 →1755 times
τὸνthe
tonG3588 →19766 times
οἶκονhouse
oikonG3624 →112 times
τοῦ<the>
touG3588 →19766 times
θεοῦof God
theouG2316 →1312 times
ἐπὶin [the days of]
epiG1909 →883 times
ἈβιαθὰρAbiathar
abiatharG8 →
ἀρχιερέωςhigh priest
archiereosG749 →122 times
καὶand
kaiG2532 →9120 times
τοὺςthe
tousG3588 →19766 times
ἄρτουςloaves
artousG740 →97 times
τῆςof the
tesG3588 →19766 times
προθέσεωςpresentation
protheseosG4286 →
ἔφαγενate
ephagenG5315 →93 times
οὓςwhich
housG3739 →1405 times
οὐκnot
oukG3756 →1664 times
ἔξεστινit is lawful
exestinG1832 →31 times
φαγεῖνto eat
phageinG5315 →93 times
εἰonly
eiG1487 →508 times
μὴexcept
meG3361 →1066 times
τοὺςfor the
tousG3588 →19766 times
ἱερεῖς,priests,
hi'ereisG2409 →
καὶAnd
kaiG2532 →9120 times
ἔδωκενhe gave
edokenG1325 →412 times
καὶeven
kaiG2532 →9120 times
τοῖςto those
toisG3588 →19766 times
σὺνwith
sunG4862 →128 times
αὐτῷhim
autoG846 →5565 times
οὖσιν;being?
ousinG1510 →2333 times
A shaded row is a word that stands 400 times or fewer in the Bible.
The walk
8 stopsEach card is a verse this one points to, and under it the verses that one points to in turn. Where several paths arrive at the same place, that place is listed first: the text keeps returning to it.
Through
2 Samuel 8:17Zadok son of Ahitub and Ahimelech son of Abiathar were priests; Seraiah was the scribe;
it leads to
- 1 Chronicles 18:16
Zadok son of Ahitub and Ahimelech son of Abiathar were priests; Shavsha was the scribe;
Reached by 2 separate paths from here.
- 1 Chronicles 6:8
Ahitub was the father of Zadok, Zadok was the father of Ahimaaz,
- 1 Chronicles 16:39
And David left Zadok the priest and his fellow priests before the tabernacle of the LORD at the high place in Gibeon
- 1 Chronicles 24:3–4
With the help of Eleazar’s descendant Zadok and Ithamar’s descendant Ahimelech, David divided them according to the offices of their service.
- 1 Chronicles 18:16
Through
1 Samuel 21:1Then David came to Nob, to Ahimelech the priest. And when Ahimelech met David, he trembled and asked him, “Why are you alone? Why is no one with you?”
it leads to
- Nehemiah 11:32
in Anathoth, Nob, Ananiah,
- Isaiah 10:32
Yet today they will halt at Nob, shaking a fist at the mount of Daughter Zion, at the hill of Jerusalem.
- 1 Samuel 16:4
So Samuel did what the LORD had said and went to Bethlehem. When the elders of the town met him, they trembled and asked, “Do you come in peace?”
- 1 Samuel 14:3
including Ahijah, who was wearing an ephod. He was the son of Ichabod’s brother Ahitub son of Phinehas, the son of Eli the priest of the LORD in Shiloh. But the troops did not…
- Nehemiah 11:32
Where this verse is studied
On this page
Studies7
About Mark

This page draws on 10 works. Open the list of works
This page draws on Adam Clarke, Commentary on the Bible; Bede, Catena Aurea by Aquinas; J.C. Ryle, Expository Thoughts on the Gospels: Mark (lightly modernized text, Grace Gems edition); Jamieson, Fausset & Brown, Commentary Critical and Explanatory on the Whole Bible; John Gill, Exposition of the New Testament (1746-1748); John Wesley, Explanatory Notes upon the New Testament; Matthew Henry, Commentary on the Whole Bible; Pseudo-Chrysostom, Catena Aurea by Aquinas; Theophylact of Ohrid, Catena Aurea by Aquinas and Theophylact of Ohrid, Commentary on Mark.
