Deuteronomy 29:18
in Deuteronomy 29Make sure there is no man or woman, clan or tribe among you today whose heart turns away from the LORD our God to go and worship the gods of those nations. Make sure there is no root among you that bears such poisonous and bitter fruit,
BSB
The same verse in ASV and KJV ▾
ASV
lest there should be among you man, or woman, or family, or tribe, whose heart turneth away this day from Jehovah our God, to go to serve the gods of those nations; lest there should be among you a root that beareth gall and wormwood;
KJV
Lest there should be among you man, or woman, or family, or tribe, whose heart turneth away this day from the Lord our God, to go and serve the gods of these nations; lest there should be among you a root that beareth gall and wormwood;
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This verse in Deuteronomy 29
Commentary
8 notes on this verseA root that beareth gall and wormwood - That is, as the apostle expresses it, Heb 3:12, An evil heart of unbelief departing from the living God; for to this place he evidently refers. It may also signify false doctrines, or idolatrous persons among themselves.
This site's exposition
man, or woman, or family, or tribe
on Deuteronomy 29:18-19
The danger is named at every scale, man, woman, family or tribe, so no unit is too small or too large to carry it. The root that beareth gall and wormwood is taken up at Hebrews 12:15 as a root of bitterness springing up and troubling many, following the Greek of the Septuagint, and Acts 8:23 uses the gall half of the pair to Simon. Verse 19 quotes the man in his own words, I shall have peace, though I walk in the imagination of mine heart, which Albert Barnes sets beside Jeremiah 23:17 and Psalm 73, and the closing clause about drunkenness and thirst is rendered in the reverse order by other translators.
The record, by era
The Puritans and the Awakening2 voices
Lest there should be among you man or woman, or family, or tribe,....
15 , where he is in like manner cautioning us to take heed of those that would seduce us from the Christian faith; they are the weeds or tares in a field, which, if let alone, will overspread the whole field. A little of this leaven will be in danger of infecting the whole lump. [2.] His security in the sun. He promises himself impunity, though he persists in his impiety,
The Nineteenth Century3 voices
A commentator
Jamieson, Fausset & Brown1802–1910
Commentary Critical and Explanatory on the Whole Bible (1871)
proposed
It was of the greatest consequence to impress all with the strong and abiding conviction, that while the covenant of grace had special blessings belonging to it, it at the same time had curses in reserve for transgressors, the infliction of which would be as certain, as lasting and severe. This was the advantage contemplated in the law being rehearsed a second time.
THE people of Israel, after all the wonderful things which God had done for them, should have felt themselves bound forever to their father's God. They had received the clearest possible proof that Jehovah alone was the living and true God. How could they debase themselves to worship graven images when they had seen such signs and wonders worked by their great I AM? Surely idolatry after such a history as theirs must have been sinful to the worst degree.
THE people of Israel, after all the wonderful things which God had done for them, should have felt themselves bound forever to their father's God. They had received the clearest possible proof that Jehovah alone was the living and true God. How could they debase themselves to worship graven images when they had seen such signs and wonders worked by their great I AM? Surely idolatry after such a history as theirs must have been sinful to the worst degree. They were, however, in great danger from two or three circumstances which in the chapter before us are set before them as a ground of caution. "You know how you dwelt in the land of Egypt," is the first caution. They had dwelt so long in the midst of the idolatrous Egyptians that it would have been strange if they had not become tinctured with the idolatrous spirit which was so powerful in the land of Ham. Alas, Israel's hosts drank deep into Egypt's superstitions, and not long had they been in the wilderness before they made a golden ox, contemptuously called by Moses a golden calf, in imitation of the ox so solemnly adored in Egypt. Probably the mixed multitude never wholly ceased from idol-worship, for we find it said in Amos, "Have you offered unto Me sacrifices and offerings in the wilderness forty years, O house of Israel? And you have borne the tabernacle of your Moloch and Chiun your images, the star of your god, which you made to yourselves." The Egyptians were infamous among all nations as almost indiscriminate worshippers of innumerable objects. They not only worshipped beasts, comely in proportion and useful to men, but they bowed down before the snake and the crocodile. They worshipped the beetle that is engendered from filth and the frog that comes up from the slime.
1 more voice on this verse
The Nineteenth Century1 voice
A commentator
Albert Barnes1798–1870
Notes, Explanatory and Practical, on the Old and New Testaments (1832-1869)
proposed
The word here and in Deu 32:32 rendered “gall,” is in Hos 10:4 translated “hemlock.” It is the name of a plant of intense bitterness, and of quick growth; and is therefore repeatedly used in conjunction with “wormwood” (compare Jer 9:15; Lam 3:19; Amo 6:12), to express figuratively the nature and effects of sin (compare the marginal references.). The herb is probably the poppy. Hence, the “water” (i. e. juice) “of gall” Jer 8:14; Jer 23:15 would be opium. This would explain its employment in the stupefying drink given to criminals at the time of execution (compare Psa 69:21; Mat 27:34), and the use of the word as synonymous with poison (compare Deu 32:33; Job 20:16). Wormwood - is the plant “absinthium.” It is used to denote metaphorically the distress and trouble which result from sin. “The root that beareth gall and wormwood,” means in this place any person lurking among them who is tainted with apostasy.
The words behind it
30 Hebrew wordsEvery Hebrew word of this verse in the order it stands, with what it means and the door to its own study. The last column counts the times a word stands in the whole Bible: the rarer the word, the more the places it appears belong together.
| Hebrew | Sound | Meaning | Word study | In the Bible |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| פֶּן־ | pen- | lest | H6435 → | 133 times |
| יֵ֣שׁ | yesh | there | H3426 → | 140 times |
| בָּ֠כֶם | bakhem | [be] among <the> you | ||
| אִ֣ישׁ | ʾish | a man | H376 → | 1663 times |
| אוֹ־ | ʾov- | or | H176 → | 321 times |
| אִשָּׁ֞ה | ʾishah | a woman | H802 → | 781 times |
| א֧וֹ | ʾo | or | H176 → | 321 times |
| מִשְׁפָּחָ֣ה | mishpachah | a clan | H4940 → | |
| אוֹ־ | ʾov- | or | H176 → | 321 times |
| שֵׁ֗בֶט | shevet | a tribe | H7626 → | 190 times |
| אֲשֶׁר֩ | ʾasher | who | H834 → | 5497 times |
| לְבָב֨וֹ | levavo | heart his | H3824 → | 252 times |
| פֹנֶ֤ה | foneh | [is] turning away | H6437 → | 135 times |
| הַיּוֹם֙ | haiyom | this day | H3117 → | 2304 times |
| מֵעִם֙ | meim | from with | H5973 → | 1050 times |
| יְהוָ֣ה | yahweh | Yahweh | H3068 → | 6520 times |
| אֱלֹהֵ֔ינוּ | ʾeloheinu | God our | H430 → | 2601 times |
| לָלֶ֣כֶת | lalekhet | to go | H1980 → | 1546 times |
| לַעֲבֹ֔ד | laavod | to serve | H5647 → | 288 times |
| אֶת־ | ʾet- | <obj.> | H853 → | 10935 times |
| אֱלֹהֵ֖י | ʾelohei | [the] gods of | H430 → | 2601 times |
| הַגּוֹיִ֣ם | hagoyim | the nations | H1471 → | 561 times |
| הָהֵ֑ם | hahem | <the> those | H1992 → | 553 times |
| פֶּן־ | pen- | lest | H6435 → | 133 times |
| יֵ֣שׁ | yesh | there | H3426 → | 140 times |
| בָּכֶ֗ם | bakhem | [be] among <the> you | ||
| שֹׁ֛רֶשׁ | shoresh | a root | H8328 → | |
| פֹּרֶ֥ה | poreh | bearing fruit | H6509 → | |
| רֹ֖אשׁ | rosh | poison | H7219 → | 12 times |
| וְלַעֲנָֽה׃ | velaanah | and wormwood | H3939 → |
פֶּן־lest
pen-H6435 →133 times
יֵ֣שׁthere
yeshH3426 →140 times
בָּ֠כֶם[be] among <the> you
bakhem
אִ֣ישׁa man
ʾishH376 →1663 times
אוֹ־or
ʾov-H176 →321 times
אִשָּׁ֞הa woman
ʾishahH802 →781 times
א֧וֹor
ʾoH176 →321 times
מִשְׁפָּחָ֣הa clan
mishpachahH4940 →
אוֹ־or
ʾov-H176 →321 times
שֵׁ֗בֶטa tribe
shevetH7626 →190 times
אֲשֶׁר֩who
ʾasherH834 →5497 times
לְבָב֨וֹheart his
levavoH3824 →252 times
פֹנֶ֤ה[is] turning away
fonehH6437 →135 times
הַיּוֹם֙this day
haiyomH3117 →2304 times
מֵעִם֙from with
meimH5973 →1050 times
יְהוָ֣הYahweh
yahwehH3068 →6520 times
אֱלֹהֵ֔ינוּGod our
ʾeloheinuH430 →2601 times
לָלֶ֣כֶתto go
lalekhetH1980 →1546 times
לַעֲבֹ֔דto serve
laavodH5647 →288 times
אֶת־<obj.>
ʾet-H853 →10935 times
אֱלֹהֵ֖י[the] gods of
ʾeloheiH430 →2601 times
הַגּוֹיִ֣םthe nations
hagoyimH1471 →561 times
הָהֵ֑ם<the> those
hahemH1992 →553 times
פֶּן־lest
pen-H6435 →133 times
יֵ֣שׁthere
yeshH3426 →140 times
בָּכֶ֗ם[be] among <the> you
bakhem
שֹׁ֛רֶשׁa root
shoreshH8328 →
פֹּרֶ֥הbearing fruit
porehH6509 →
רֹ֖אשׁpoison
roshH7219 →12 times
וְלַעֲנָֽה׃and wormwood
velaanahH3939 →
A shaded row is a word that stands 400 times or fewer in the Bible.
The walk
8 stopsEach card is a verse this one points to, and under it the verses that one points to in turn. Where several paths arrive at the same place, that place is listed first: the text keeps returning to it.
Through
Hebrews 12:15See to it that no one falls short of the grace of God, and that no root of bitterness springs up to cause trouble and defile many.
it leads to
- Hebrews 3:12
See to it, brothers, that none of you has a wicked heart of unbelief that turns away from the living God.
- Galatians 5:4
You who are trying to be justified by the law have been severed from Christ; you have fallen away from grace.
- 2 Corinthians 6:1
As God’s fellow workers, then, we urge you not to receive God’s grace in vain.
- 2 John 1:8
Watch yourselves, so that you do not lose what we have worked for, but that you may be fully rewarded.
- 1 Corinthians 15:33
Do not be deceived: “Bad company corrupts good character.”
- Hebrews 3:12
Through
Jeremiah 9:15Therefore this is what the LORD of Hosts, the God of Israel, says: “Behold, I will feed this people wormwood and give them poisoned water to drink.
it leads to
- Jeremiah 8:14
Why are we just sitting here? Gather together, let us flee to the fortified cities and perish there, for the LORD our God has doomed us. He has given us poisoned water to drink,…
- Jeremiah 8:14
Through
Hosea 10:4They speak mere words; with false oaths they make covenants. So judgment springs up like poisonous weeds in the furrows of a field.
it leads to
Where this verse is studied
About Deuteronomy

This page draws on Adam Clarke, Commentary on the Bible; Albert Barnes, Notes on the Old Testament; Albert Barnes, Notes, Explanatory and Practical, on the Old and New Testaments (1832-1869); Charles Spurgeon, The Metropolitan Tabernacle Pulpit, Sermon No. 723: “The Root That Bears Wormwood” (lightly modernized text, CCEL edition); Jamieson, Fausset & Brown, Commentary Critical and Explanatory on the Whole Bible; John Gill, Exposition of the Old Testament (1748-1763) and Matthew Henry, Commentary on the Whole Bible.
