1 Samuel 23:2
in 1 Samuel 23So David inquired of the LORD, “Should I go and attack these Philistines?” And the LORD said to David, “Go and attack the Philistines and save Keilah.”
BSB
The same verse in ASV and KJV ▾
ASV
Therefore David inquired of Jehovah, saying, Shall I go and smite these Philistines? And Jehovah said unto David, Go, and smite the Philistines, and save Keilah.
KJV
Therefore David enquired of the Lord, saying, Shall I go and smite these Philistines? And the Lord said unto David, Go, and smite the Philistines, and save Keilah.
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This verse in 1 Samuel 23
Commentary
8 notes on this verseTherefore David inquired of the Lord - In what way David made this inquiry we are not told, but it was probably by means of Abiathar; and therefore I think, with Houbigant that the sixth verse should be read immediately after the first. The adventure mentioned here was truly noble. Had not David loved his country, and been above all motives of private and personal revenge, he would have rejoiced in this invasion of Judah as producing a strong diversion in his favor, and embroiling his inveterate enemy.
This site's exposition
rob the threshingfloors
on 1 Samuel 23:1-2
Keilah is exposed to Philistine raiders while David is himself an outlaw with no crown and no army of his own, yet he moves to defend it. Before he acts he enquires of the Lord, opening a pattern that recurs across both books at 23:4, 28:6, 2 Samuel 2:1, 5:19, 5:23 and 21:1, set against Saul's one recorded enquiry as king, which gets silence at 28:6. Albert Barnes notes that David's growing importance as a fugitive is marked by Keilah's own appeal to him for rescue.
This site's exposition
Should I go and attack these Philistines
Jamieson, Fausset and Brown note that David held no commission from Saul to attack the Philistines, so he inquired of the LORD first. Barnes thinks the prophet Gad may have inquired for him. Clarke calls the rescue of Keilah noble, since a man bent on revenge against Saul would have welcomed the raid.
The record, by era
The Medieval Church1 voice
Shall I go and strike these Philistines? etc. Because David almost always in the Scriptures, when taken mystically, signifies the Lord Christ, but sometimes in his members, sometimes in himself; rightly at this place, where he consulted the Lord whether he should attack and conquer …
The Puritans and the Awakening2 voices
Therefore David inquired of the Lord, saying, shall I go and smite these Philistines?....
The danger he was thereby brought into from the malice of the prince he served and the treachery of the city he saved, and his deliverance, by divine direction, from that danger,
The Nineteenth Century2 voices
A commentator
Jamieson, Fausset & Brown1802–1910
Commentary Critical and Explanatory on the Whole Bible (1871)
To repel unprovoked assaults on unoffending people who were engaged in their harvest operations, was a humane and benevolent service. But it was doubtful how far it was David's duty to go against a public enemy without the royal commission; and on that account he asked, and obtained, the divine counsel.
A commentator
Albert Barnes1798–1870
Notes, Explanatory and Practical, on the Old and New Testaments (1832-1869)
proposed
If Gad was with David at the forest of Hareth 1Sa 22:5, and there inquired for him of the Lord 1Sa 23:2,1Sa 23:4, but did not accompany him to Keilah, and if Abiathar’s flight occurred at the time of David’s being at Keilah, we have an additional striking instance of God’s watchful providential care of David in thus sending Abiathar to supply the place of Gad at so critical a moment.
The words behind it
18 Hebrew wordsEvery Hebrew word of this verse in the order it stands, with what it means and the door to its own study. The last column counts the times a word stands in the whole Bible: the rarer the word, the more the places it appears belong together.
| Hebrew | Sound | Meaning | Word study | In the Bible |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| וַיִּשְׁאַ֨ל | vaiyishal | and he enquired | H7592 → | 171 times |
| דָּוִ֤ד | david | David | H1732 → | 999 times |
| בַּֽיהוָה֙ | bayahweh | by Yahweh | H3068 → | 6520 times |
| לֵאמֹ֔ר | lemor | <to> saying | H559 → | 5305 times |
| הַאֵלֵ֣ךְ | haelekh | ¿ will I go | H1980 → | 1546 times |
| וְהִכֵּ֔יתִי | vehikeiti | and will I strike? | H5221 → | 499 times |
| בַּפְּלִשְׁתִּ֖ים | bapelishtim | <in> the Philistines | H6430 → | 287 times |
| הָאֵ֑לֶּה ס | haeleh | <the> these | H428 → | 746 times |
| וַיֹּ֨אמֶר | vaiyomer | and he said | H559 → | 5305 times |
| יְהוָ֜ה | yahweh | Yahweh | H3068 → | 6520 times |
| אֶל־ | ʾel- | to | H413 → | 5510 times |
| דָּוִ֗ד | david | David | H1732 → | 999 times |
| לֵ֚ךְ | lekh | go | H1980 → | 1546 times |
| וְהִכִּ֣יתָ | vehikita | and you will strike | H5221 → | 499 times |
| בַפְּלִשְׁתִּ֔ים | vapelishtim | <in> the Philistines | H6430 → | 287 times |
| וְהוֹשַׁעְתָּ֖ | vehosha'ta | and you will deliver | H3467 → | 206 times |
| אֶת־ | ʾet- | <obj.> | H853 → | 10935 times |
| קְעִילָֽה׃ | keilah | Keilah | H7084 → | 18 times |
וַיִּשְׁאַ֨לand he enquired
vaiyishalH7592 →171 times
דָּוִ֤דDavid
davidH1732 →999 times
בַּֽיהוָה֙by Yahweh
bayahwehH3068 →6520 times
לֵאמֹ֔ר<to> saying
lemorH559 →5305 times
הַאֵלֵ֣ךְ¿ will I go
haelekhH1980 →1546 times
וְהִכֵּ֔יתִיand will I strike?
vehikeitiH5221 →499 times
בַּפְּלִשְׁתִּ֖ים<in> the Philistines
bapelishtimH6430 →287 times
הָאֵ֑לֶּה ס<the> these
haelehH428 →746 times
וַיֹּ֨אמֶרand he said
vaiyomerH559 →5305 times
יְהוָ֜הYahweh
yahwehH3068 →6520 times
אֶל־to
ʾel-H413 →5510 times
דָּוִ֗דDavid
davidH1732 →999 times
לֵ֚ךְgo
lekhH1980 →1546 times
וְהִכִּ֣יתָand you will strike
vehikitaH5221 →499 times
בַפְּלִשְׁתִּ֔ים<in> the Philistines
vapelishtimH6430 →287 times
וְהוֹשַׁעְתָּ֖and you will deliver
vehosha'taH3467 →206 times
אֶת־<obj.>
ʾet-H853 →10935 times
קְעִילָֽה׃Keilah
keilahH7084 →18 times
A shaded row is a word that stands 400 times or fewer in the Bible.
The walk
8 stopsEach card is a verse this one points to, and under it the verses that one points to in turn. Where several paths arrive at the same place, that place is listed first: the text keeps returning to it.
Through
Joshua 9:14Then the men of Israel sampled their provisions, but did not seek the counsel of the LORD.
it leads to
- Proverbs 3:5–6
Trust in the LORD with all your heart, and lean not on your own understanding;
- 2 Samuel 5:19
So David inquired of the LORD, “Should I go up against the Philistines? Will You deliver them into my hand?” “Go,” replied the LORD, “for I will surely deliver the Philistines into your hand.”
Reached by 2 separate paths from here.
- Numbers 27:21
He shall stand before Eleazar the priest, who will seek counsel for him before the LORD by the judgment of the Urim. At his command, he and all the Israelites with him—the entire congregation—will…
- 1 Chronicles 10:13–14
So Saul died for his unfaithfulness to the LORD, because he did not keep the word of the LORD and even consulted a medium for guidance,
- Proverbs 3:5–6
Through
2 Samuel 5:19So David inquired of the LORD, “Should I go up against the Philistines? Will You deliver them into my hand?” “Go,” replied the LORD, “for I will surely deliver the Philistines into your hand.”
it leads to
- 1 Samuel 30:7–8
Then David said to Abiathar the priest, the son of Ahimelech, “Bring me the ephod.” So Abiathar brought it to him,
Reached by 2 separate paths from here.
- 2 Samuel 2:1
Some time later, David inquired of the LORD, “Should I go up to one of the towns of Judah?” “Go up,” the LORD answered. Then David asked, “Where should I go?” “To Hebron,” replied…
- 2 Samuel 5:23
So David inquired of the LORD, who answered, “Do not march straight up, but circle around behind them and attack them in front of the balsam trees.
- Proverbs 3:6
in all your ways acknowledge Him, and He will make your paths straight.
- 1 Samuel 30:7–8
Where this verse is studied
On this page
About 1 Samuel

Who and where
1 name in this verse with a page on the site.
This page draws on Adam Clarke, Commentary on the Bible; Albert Barnes, Notes on the Old Testament; Albert Barnes, Notes, Explanatory and Practical, on the Old and New Testaments (1832-1869); Bede, Commentary on Samuel; Jamieson, Fausset & Brown, Commentary Critical and Explanatory on the Whole Bible; John Gill, Exposition of the Old Testament (1748-1763) and Matthew Henry, Commentary on the Whole Bible.
