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1 Kings 19:11

in 1 Kings 19

Then the LORD said, “Go out and stand on the mountain before the LORD. Behold, the LORD is about to pass by.” And a great and mighty wind tore into the mountains and shattered the rocks before the LORD, but the LORD was not in the wind. After the wind there was an earthquake, but the LORD was not in the earthquake.

BSB

The same verse in ASV and KJV

ASV

And he said, Go forth, and stand upon the mount before Jehovah. And, behold, Jehovah passed by, and a great and strong wind rent the mountains, and brake in pieces the rocks before Jehovah; but Jehovah was not in the wind: and after the wind an earthquake; but Jehovah was not in the earthquake:

KJV

And he said, Go forth, and stand upon the mount before the Lord. And, behold, the Lord passed by, and a great and strong wind rent the mountains, and brake in pieces the rocks before the Lord; but the Lord was not in the wind: and after the wind an earthquake; but the Lord was not in the earthquake:

This verse in 1 Kings 19

Commentary

14 notes on this verse
And behold, the Lord passed by - The remainder of this verse and the whole of the next are placed by the Septuagint, and by the Arabic translator, in the mouth of the Angel. But it seems best to regard the vision as ending with the words “before the Lord” - and the writer as then assuming that this was done, and proceeding to describe what followed.

This site's exposition

a great and strong wind

on 1 Kings 19:11-12

Three phenomena pass in order, wind, earthquake and fire, each answered by the same refrain, but the Lord was not in it, until after the fire comes a still small voice, the only place this exact phrase occurs in all of Scripture. The mountain is Horeb, the same ground where Moses saw the Lord's glory pass by, but the mode of self-disclosure here is deliberately unlike Carmel's fire that fell in the chapter before. Spurgeon preached this scene at length as four messages carried in one still small voice, the plainest of them being that the Lord's chief work is not always the dramatic kind.

The record, by era

The Church Fathers1 voice

A commentator

Ephrem the Syrian

ON THE FIRST BOOK OF KINGS 19:11 · Written before 373.

proposed

"Now there was a great wind, so strong that it was splitting mountains and breaking rocks in pieces before the Lord, but the Lord was not in the wind." Now, after the wind, the earthquake came, and after the earthquake the fire, and [Elijah] noticed …

The Medieval Church1 voice

A commentator

Bonaventure

Collations on the Hexaemeron, Collation 2 · Written in the 13th century.

proposed

He affirms that this ascent comes about through the power and the strongest motion of the Holy Spirit, as it is said of Elias: "A great and strong wind overthrowing the mountains, and breaking the rocks in pieces." It is not for us to have …

The Puritans and the Awakening3 voices

A commentator

Matthew Henry

1662–1714

Commentary on the Whole Bible (1710)

proposed

He saw no manner of similitude, any more than Israel did when God talked to them in Horeb. He heard a strong wind, and saw the terrible effects of it, for it rent the mountains and tore the rocks. Thus was the trumpet sounded before the Judge of heaven and earth, by his angels, whom he makes spirits, or winds ( Ps. civ.

quarantine:debris (2026-07-29) — unbalanced-parens

A commentator

John Wesley

1703–1791

Explanatory Notes upon the Old Testament (1765)

proposed

The Lord was not - The Lord did not vouchsafe his special and gracious presence to Elijah in that wind, which possibly was to teach him not to wonder if God did not accompany his terrible administration at mount Carmel with the presence of his grace, to turn the hearts of the Israelites to himself.
And he said, go forth and stand upon the mount before the Lord,....
7 more voices on this verse

The Nineteenth Century6 voices

A commentator

Jamieson, Fausset & Brown

1802–1910

Commentary Critical and Explanatory on the Whole Bible (1871)

proposed

In the solitude of Sinai, God appeared to instruct him. "What doest thou here, Elijah?" was a searching question addressed to one who had been called to so arduous and urgent a mission as his.
[Another Sermon by Mr. Spurgeon, upon verses 12 and 13, is #1668, Volume 28—THE STILL SMALL VOICE.] THERE may be a great deal more teaching in what Elijah saw and heard in the cave than I shall be able to bring out this evening. Indeed, I shall not attempt to exhaust the very wonderful practical sermon which was preached to the Prophet on the side of Mount Horeb, but in the still small voice I hear four messages. I. And first, THERE WAS A MESSAGE TO ELIJAH HIMSELF.
[Another Sermon by Mr. Spurgeon, upon verses 12 and 13, is #1668, Volume 28—THE STILL SMALL VOICE.] THERE may be a great deal more teaching in what Elijah saw and heard in the cave than I shall be able to bring out this evening. Indeed, I shall not attempt to exhaust the very wonderful practical sermon which was preached to the Prophet on the side of Mount Horeb, but in the still small voice I hear four messages. I. And first, THERE WAS A MESSAGE TO ELIJAH HIMSELF. He had, apparently, conceived the idea that the whole nation of Israel would be converted from idolatry by one grand display of Divine power. If it could once be indisputably proved that Baal was not God and that Jehovah, alone, was God, then he thought that, surely, the people would be convinced and would loyally return to their old Covenant with the one living and true God. But he found that it was not so. Although the fire of the Lord had fallen from Heaven and had consumed Elijah's sacrifice, burned up the very stones of the altar and licked up the water in the trench. And although the people had cried out, "Jehovah is God! Jehovah is God!" yet for all that, they forsook not Baal, nor the other idols that had been set up in the groves and on the high places—the sun-god was still worshipped and the God who made the sun was forgotten! Elijah seems to have also thought that a display of terrible severity was necessary to bring these people back to their allegiance to Jehovah. Hence he took the prophets of Baal and the prophets of the groves and slew them at the brook Ki-shon, not allowing any of them to escape.
ELIJAH was a man of like passions with ourselves. We all know that when we have passed through any great excitement of high joy there almost always comes following, a corresponding reaction and depression.
ELIJAH was a man of like passions with ourselves. We all know that when we have passed through any great excitement of high joy there almost always comes following, a corresponding reaction and depression. Elijah had gone to the top of Carmel and had pleaded his cause, and the rain floods had come in answer to his prayer He had taken the prophets of Baal, and had slain them, and gained a glorious victory for his God; and so full of excitement was he that he girded his loins as though he had been a young man, and ran before the chariot of Ahab, like the royal footmen. It was almost inevitable that after an excitement so high, and strong, that he should be desponding and depressed in spirits, and we find that he was so depressed. If the like should ever happen to any of you' my brethren and sisters, count it no strange thing, nor suppose that some extraordinary trial hath happened unto you. It is but a physical result from physical causes. The mind has operated upon the body. It has strung the bow too tightly, and now, unless the string be relaxed, there is a danger of its breaking altogether. Now as Elias was a man of like passions with us, we may conclude that the way in which God dealt with him is very much the way in which he would deal with us. With a similar case, and the same physician, we may look for the same treatment. As, therefore, the Lord spake to Elijah not by earthquake, nor wind, nor fire, but by the still small voice, so in all probability will he speak to us. It may be, it is just possible it may be, that here to-night there is some worker for God very much in the same condition as Elijah. You, my dear brother, have been working for God in a neighbourhood where you have met with little but opposition and disappointment, and you have almost resolved that you will go away from the place. "The soil is hard," you say, "and breaks the ploughshare.

A commentator

Adam Clarke

1762–1832

Commentary on the Bible · Written before 1832.

proposed

Stand upon the mount before the Lord - God was now treating Elijah nearly in the same way that he treated Moses; and it is not unlikely that Elijah was now standing on the same place where Moses stood, when God revealed himself to him in the giving of the law. See Exo 19:9, Exo 19:16. The Lord passed by - It appears that the passing by of the Lord occasioned the strong wind, the earthquake, and the fire; but in none of these was God to make a discovery of himself unto the prophet; yet these, in some sort, prepared his way, and prepared Elijah to hear the still small voice. The apparatus, indicating the presence of the Divine Majesty, is nearly the same as that employed to minister the law to Moses; and many have supposed that God intended these things to be understood thus: that God intended to display himself to mankind not in judgment, but in mercy; and that as the wind, the earthquake, and the fire, were only the forerunners of the still small voice, which proclaimed the benignity of the Father of spirits; so the law, and all its terrors, were only intended to introduce that mild spirit of the Gospel of Jesus, proclaiming glory to God in the highest, and on earth peace, and good will unto men. Others think that all this was merely natural; and that a real earthquake, and its accompaniments, are described. 1. Previously to earthquakes the atmosphere becomes greatly disturbed, mighty winds and tempests taking place. 2. This is followed by the actual agitation of the earth. 3. In this agitation fire frequently escapes, or a burning lava is poured out, often accompanied with thunder and lightning. 4. […]

Modern Voices1 voice

A commentator

GK Chesterton

Alarms and Discursions, The Surrender of a Cockney (1910) (1910)

proposed

I have always maintained, quite seriously, that the Lord is not in the wind or thunder of the waste, but if anywhere in the still small voice of Fleet Street. I sincerely maintain that Nature-worship is more morally dangerous than the most vulgar man-worship of …

How the passage was read

What the Jewish commentators add

And a great wind. [Targum Yonoson rendered,] “a camp of angels of the wind.”
Rashi: France, 1040–1105 · Rashi on I Kings 19:11:1, via Sefaria, The Metsudah Tanach series, Lakewood, N.J
2 more on this passage, in their own words ▾
They have demolished Your Altars. [I.e.,] the private altars that were built in the Name of Heaven, 5 See above:30 and Rashi there. for the altar of the Beis [Hamikdosh] was in Yerusholayim. 6 Eliyahu intimated that God should take vengeance against the Bnei Yisroel.—Ralbag
Rashi: France, 1040–1105 · Rashi on I Kings 19:10:1, via Sefaria, The Metsudah Tanach series, Lakewood, N.J
Fire. [Targum Yonoson rendered,] “a camp of angels of fire.”
Rashi: France, 1040–1105 · Rashi on I Kings 19:12:1, via Sefaria, The Metsudah Tanach series, Lakewood, N.J

This section is reception history: how the passage was read and kept in the Jewish tradition. Where a reading parts from an essential of the Christian faith, the section says so at that point.

Texts and citation data: Sefaria; each excerpt follows its version’s licence. 3 further sources are cited on this chapter that carry no English text this site may quote or only restate the verse.

The words behind it

27 Hebrew words

Every Hebrew word of this verse in the order it stands, with what it means and the door to its own study. The last column counts the times a word stands in the whole Bible: the rarer the word, the more the places it appears belong together.

  • וַיֹּ֗אמֶרand he said

    vaiyomerH5595305 times

  • צֵ֣אgo out

    tze'H33181067 times

  • וְעָמַדְתָּ֣and you will stand

    veamadtaH5975521 times

  • בָהָר֮on the mountain

    vaharH2022546 times

  • לִפְנֵ֣י<to> before

    lifneiH64402123 times

  • יְהוָה֒Yahweh

    yahwehH30686520 times

  • וְהִנֵּ֧הand there!

    vehinehH2009843 times

  • יְהוָ֣הYahweh

    yahwehH30686520 times

  • עֹבֵ֗ר[was] passing by

    ʾoverH5674556 times

  • וְר֣וּחַand a wind

    veruachH7307378 times

  • גְּדוֹלָ֡הgreat

    gedolahH1419526 times

  • וְחָזָ֞קand strong

    vechazakH238956 times

  • מְפָרֵק֩[was] tearing

    mefarekH6561

  • הָרִ֨יםmountains

    harimH2022546 times

  • וּמְשַׁבֵּ֤רand breaking

    umeshaberH7665147 times

  • סְלָעִים֙rocks

    selaimH5553

  • לִפְנֵ֣י<to> before

    lifneiH64402123 times

  • יְהוָ֔הYahweh

    yahwehH30686520 times

  • לֹ֥אnot

    lo'H38085168 times

  • בָר֖וּחַ[was] in the wind

    varuachH7307378 times

  • יְהוָ֑הYahweh

    yahwehH30686520 times

  • וְאַחַ֤רand [was] after

    veacharH310715 times

  • הָר֨וּחַthe wind

    haruachH7307378 times

  • רַ֔עַשׁan earthquake

    raashH749417 times

  • לֹ֥אnot

    lo'H38085168 times

  • בָרַ֖עַשׁ[was] in the earthquake

    varaashH749417 times

  • יְהוָֽה׃Yahweh

    yahwehH30686520 times

A shaded row is a word that stands 400 times or fewer in the Bible.

The walk

8 stops

Each card is a verse this one points to, and under it the verses that one points to in turn. Where several paths arrive at the same place, that place is listed first: the text keeps returning to it.

  • Through

    Hebrews 12:26

    At that time His voice shook the earth, but now He has promised, “Once more I will shake not only the earth, but heaven as well.”

    it leads to

    • Haggai 2:6–7

      For this is what the LORD of Hosts says: “Once more, in a little while, I will shake the heavens and the earth, the sea and the dry land.

    • Isaiah 13:13

      Therefore I will make the heavens tremble, and the earth will be shaken from its place at the wrath of the LORD of Hosts on the day of His burning anger.

    • Exodus 19:18

      Mount Sinai was completely enveloped in smoke, because the LORD had descended on it in fire. And the smoke rose like the smoke of a furnace, and the whole mountain quaked violently.

    • Isaiah 2:19

      Men will flee to caves in the rocks and holes in the ground, away from the terror of the LORD and from the splendor of His majesty, when He rises to shake the earth.

    • Joel 3:16

      The LORD will roar from Zion and raise His voice from Jerusalem; heaven and earth will tremble. But the LORD will be a refuge for His people, a stronghold for the people of Israel.

  • Through

    Job 38:1

    Then the LORD answered Job out of the whirlwind and said:

    it leads to

    • Job 40:6

      Then the LORD answered Job out of the whirlwind and said:

  • Through

    Isaiah 30:30

    And the LORD will cause His majestic voice to be heard and His mighty arm to be revealed, striking in angry wrath with a flame of consuming fire, and with cloudburst, storm, and hailstones.

    it leads to

    • Isaiah 29:6

      you will be visited by the LORD of Hosts with thunder and earthquake and loud noise, with windstorm and tempest and consuming flame of fire.

    • Psalms 18:13–14

      The LORD thundered from heaven; the voice of the Most High resounded— hailstones and coals of fire.

Where this verse is studied

About 1 Kings

Elijah Is Nourished by an Angel — Gustave Doré, Doré's English Bible (1866), public domain
Elijah Is Nourished by an Angel — Gustave Doré, Doré's English Bible (1866), public domain
This page draws on 13 works. Open the list of works

This page draws on Adam Clarke, Commentary on the Bible; Albert Barnes, Notes, Explanatory and Practical, on the Old and New Testaments (1832-1869); Albert Barnes, Notes on the Old Testament; Bonaventure, Collations on the Hexaemeron, Collation 2; Charles Spurgeon, The Metropolitan Tabernacle Pulpit, Sermon No. 1668, The Still Small Voice; Charles Spurgeon, The Metropolitan Tabernacle Pulpit, Sermon No. 3171: “A Voice With Four Messages” (lightly modernized text, CCEL edition); Charles Spurgeon, The Metropolitan Tabernacle Pulpit, Sermon No. 3498: “God's Gentle Power” (lightly modernized text, CCEL edition); Ephrem the Syrian, ON THE FIRST BOOK OF KINGS 19:11; GK Chesterton, Alarms and Discursions, The Surrender of a Cockney (1910); Jamieson, Fausset & Brown, Commentary Critical and Explanatory on the Whole Bible; John Gill, Exposition of the Old Testament (1748-1763); John Wesley, Explanatory Notes upon the Old Testament and Matthew Henry, Commentary on the Whole Bible.