Zechariahchapter 14
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Speaks with:Zechariah 12×3Revelation 22×3Isaiah 13×2Isaiah 66×2Zechariah 14×2Isaiah 60×2
Summary
Chapter summary
The last chapter of the prophets' end-time map. Nations gather against Jerusalem, the city is taken and half go into captivity: 'then shall Jehovah go forth, and fight against those nations.' 'And his feet shall stand in that day upon the mount of Olives,' which splits east and west into a very great valley for the people to flee through, 'and Jehovah my God shall come, and all the holy ones with thee.' Neither day nor night, but at evening time there shall be light; living waters flowing east and west; 'and Jehovah shall be King over all the earth: in that day shall Jehovah be one, and his name one' (14:9). Even the bells of the horses will read HOLY UNTO JEHOVAH.
Context
Prophecy · Zechariah — Zechariah overview
- A. 1–5 His feet on the Mount of Olives, and the mountain splits
- B. 6–11 Living waters, and one LORD over all the earth
- C. 12–15 A plague on everyone who fought against Jerusalem
- D. 16–21 All nations keep the feast, and even the pots are holy
The outline
A.His feet on the Mount of Olives, and the mountain splitsvv. 1 to 5
Read vv. 1 to 5 →B.Living waters, and one LORD over all the earthvv. 6 to 11
Read vv. 6 to 11 →C.A plague on everyone who fought against Jerusalemvv. 12 to 15
Read vv. 12 to 15 →D.All nations keep the feast, and even the pots are holyvv. 16 to 21
Read vv. 16 to 21 →
The world behind this chapter
Zechariah 14The history
The chapter starts with the worst outcome stated plainly: the city taken, the houses looted, the women violated, half the city going into captivity. Zechariah does not skip to the good part.
Then the LORD goes out and fights, and His feet stand on the Mount of Olives — the ridge directly east of Jerusalem, across the Kidron valley, the hill you climb to look down on the temple. It splits east and west, making a valley to escape through.
An earthquake is remembered here "like as ye fled from before the earthquake in the days of Uzziah king of Judah." That quake was famous enough to date events by; Amos opens his book by it, and archaeologists have found eighth-century destruction layers at several sites often connected with it. Zechariah's audience knew the reference.
Living waters go out from Jerusalem, half to the eastern sea (the Dead Sea) and half to the western (the Mediterranean), in summer and winter alike. Judah's streams were seasonal — many ran only in the rainy months — so a river that flows in summer was itself a small miracle.
The nations that survive come up year after year to keep the Feast of Tabernacles, the harvest festival of booths, and those who do not come get no rain.
The book's last image is domestic. "HOLINESS UNTO THE LORD" — the exact words engraved on the gold plate on the high priest's turban — will be written on the bells of the horses, and every cooking pot in Jerusalem and Judah will be as holy as the bowls at the altar.
What it meant to them
For the first hearers, the ending said God's rescue arrives after the worst has already happened, not instead of it. That was the honest version, and the version their own history had trained them to expect.
The last picture was the sweetest one. The holiness that had been locked in one room, on one man's forehead, once a year, ends up on horse harness and kitchen pots. Nothing left common. That was the future promised to people who had just spent sixteen years unable to finish one building.
Sources cited
- Alfred Edersheim, The Temple: Its Ministry and Services (public domain)
- John Calvin, Commentaries on the Twelve Minor Prophets
The text of this chapter
This page carries no textual note on Zechariah 14. Where this site has examined a place the manuscripts differ, the examination is in the manuscripts room. Every place this site examines →
This page draws on Jamieson, Fausset & Brown, Commentary Critical and Explanatory; John Calvin, Commentaries; John Wesley, Notes on the Old Testament and Matthew Henry, Complete Commentary.
