Ezra10chapter 10

a.Ezra the priest stood up: Ezra's speech is three sentences: you have transgressed, now make confession and do his pleasure, and separate yourselves from the people of the land and from the strange wives. He asks nothing he has not already modeled, since his own prayer in chapter 9 was the confession he now calls the people to repeat. The whole assembly answers as one voice, as thou hast said, so must we do, agreement given before a single detail of how it will be carried out is settled.

a.it is a time of much rain: The crowd's own objection slows what their vow had just promised: too many are involved, the rain will not let them stand in the open, and sorting the cases cannot be done in a day or two. Their proposed remedy becomes the chapter's working method, rulers standing in for the whole congregation while the accused come by appointed times to their own city's elders and judges. Two men are named against this proceeding, Jonathan and Jahaziah, and the commentators read the clause both ways, some taking them for officers appointed to the work and others for its opponents.

a.sat down in the first day of the tenth month: The commission sits three months, from the first day of the tenth month into the first day of the first month, spanning the coldest season named in verse 9 into spring. Ezra works with the chief of the fathers, chosen by ancestral house, the same genealogical method that had shaped the registers of Ezra 2. The chapter records the process as finished business in one clause, closing the case before the list of names opens.

a.among the sons of the priests there were found: The list opens where it is hardest to read, among the sons of the priests, and the family of the high priest Jeshua is named first: even the household nearest the altar was not exempt. Each guilty priest gives his hand, a pledge to put his wife away, and offers a ram of the flock as a trespass offering, atonement set alongside a confession that did not by itself settle the matter. Four priestly houses appear in these verses, and the roll's own order, priests named before any other class, argues where the reckoning began.

a.Also of the Levites: The roll moves from priests to Levites, singers and porters, the temple's supporting orders named in turn after its chief officers. Only a handful of names appear in each order, six Levites, one singer, three porters, against the much longer priestly and lay lists on either side of them. The proportion is itself a kind of witness: the failure ran widest among the laity, not the temple's smaller staff.

a.Moreover of Israel: The heading moreover of Israel opens the chapter's longest stretch, nineteen verses of names sorted by family, the lay portion of the same registry method that had numbered the return in Ezra 2. No comment interrupts the roll; the sheer count of families involved, ten or more houses of ordinary Israelites, is left to make its own point about how far the failure had spread. A name recorded here is a case already closed by the time the chapter reached this point, the trespass offered and the wife put away, so the list stands as a record of finished discipline rather than an open charge.

a.had wives by whom they had children: The book ends without a scene, in the middle of a sentence about consequence: all these had taken strange wives, and some of them had wives by whom they had children. Ezra's own narrative breaks off here mid-register, an abrupt ending that matches the book's own opening, which had itself picked up mid-sentence from the close of Chronicles. The cost the closing clause names plainly, children affected by their fathers' resolution, is the one place the chapter lets that cost stand without further comment.