Amoschapter 7
17 verses · Amos · about 760 BC · The Twelve
Key verse
Thus hath the Lord God shewed unto me; and, behold, he formed grasshoppers in the beginning of the shooting up of the latter growth; and, lo, it was the latter growth after the king’s mowings.
It stands in The locusts: and the LORD repented, verses 1 to 3.
The chapter
Chapter summary
Three visions and a showdown. Locusts consuming the latter growth: Amos intercedes, 'O Lord Jehovah, forgive… how shall Jacob stand? for he is small,' and it is stayed. Fire devouring the deep ('cease, I beseech thee') and it is stayed. Then the plumb-line, against which no prayer is offered: 'I will not again pass by them any more.' Amaziah, priest of Beth-el, reports Amos to the king and orders him home: 'O thou seer, go, flee thou away into the land of Judah… for it is the king's sanctuary.' Amos answers with his credentials: 'I was no prophet… but I was a herdsman, and a dresser of sycomore-trees.'
Context
Prophecy · Amos · Amos overview
The world behind this chapter
Amos 7The history
The timing of the first vision is agricultural and cruel. The king's mowings were a first cut of the spring growth taken as a royal levy; the latter growth was what the ordinary farmer had left to live on. Locusts arriving at that exact point would take everything the crown had not already taken.
The rest of the history, and what it meant to them
The plumb line is a builder's tool, a weight on a cord, held against a wall to test whether it is upright. It does not push the wall over. It simply shows that the wall is out of true and cannot be saved, which is why the mason condemns it.
Amaziah's title tells you what Bethel had become. He is priest of Bethel, and he reports Amos to the king as a conspirator, then orders him out with the words: it is the king's sanctuary and a royal house. The northern shrine was a department of the government, and its priest behaved like a civil servant protecting his minister.
Amos's answer describes his actual working life. He was a herdsman, the word used elsewhere of a man who managed flocks on a substantial scale, and a dresser of sycamore figs. That job is real horticulture: sycamore figs must be pierced or nipped a few days before ripening to produce edible fruit, and it was low-status, seasonal work done in the warm lowlands, not near Tekoa's hills. He travelled for it.
What it meant to them
Twice Amos intercedes and God relents, and hearers were meant to notice that the disaster had already been turned back twice by a man they were now throwing out.
The exchange with Amaziah settled the question of authority. I was no prophet, nor a prophet's son, no guild membership, no professional standing, no salary, the LORD took me from following the flock and said, Go, prophesy to my people Israel. The message did not come with credentials because it did not need them.
Sources cited
- John H. Walton, Victor H. Matthews, Mark W. Chavalas, The IVP Bible Background Commentary: Old Testament
- Roland de Vaux, Ancient Israel: Its Life and Institutions
Where the chapter sits
Amos 7 falls in Five visions and restoration promise (chapters 7–9). Locusts, fire, plumb line, summer fruit, the LORD at the altar. Amaziah the priest expels Amos from Bethel; the book ends with the tabernacle of David raised up (9:11, cited in Acts 15:16).
The plumb line. ‘Behold, I will set a plumb line in the midst of my people Israel.’
Before it: Sermons against Israel, chapters 3–6.
The whole shape of Amos→The structure of this chapter
The heads below are this chapter's scenes. The numbered points under each are its verses.
A. The locusts: and the LORD repentedvv. 1-3
he formed grasshoppers: The first vision is a locust swarm timed at the latter growth, the crop left for the poor after the king's mowings had already been cut, so the loss falls where it can least be borne. Amos does not argue the judgment is unjust; he begs, O Lord God, forgive, I beseech thee: by whom shall Jacob arise? for he is small, pleading Jacob's weakness rather than his innocence. The Lord repented for this and the plague is stayed, the bench reading the prophet's intercession as the hinge of both spared visions, Moses and Samuel's own office exercised again.
Amos 7:1
“Thus hath the Lord showed unto me,.... What follows in this and the two chapters, before the prophet delivered what he heard from the Lord; now what he saw, the same thing, the ruin of the ten tribes, is here expressed as before, but in a different form; before in prophecy, here in vision, the more to affect and work upon the hearts of the people: and, behold, he formed grasshoppers; or "locusts" (u), as the word is rendered, Isa 33:4; and so the Septuagint here, and other versions.”
2 more voices on this verseWhat preachers and commentators have said about this verse, in their own words.
Amos 7:1
“And behold He formed - (that is, He was forming.) The very least things then are as much in His infinite Mind, as what we count the greatest. He has not simply made “laws of nature,” as people speak, to do His work, and continue the generations of the world. He Himself was still framing them, giving them being, as our Lord saith, “My Father worketh hitherto, and I work” Joh 5:17. The same power of God is seen in creating the locust, as the universe. The creature could as little do the one as the other.”
Amos 7:1
“Thus - This is the first of five prophetic representations of what was coming upon this people. The latter growth - The shooting up of the first growth being too luxuriant, they often eat it down with cattle; but if the second growth were eat up, it marred the whole harvest.”
John Wesley· Explanatory Notes upon the Old Testament (1765)evangelical
Amos 7:2
“By whom shall Jacob arise? - The locusts, the symbols of the many enemies that had impoverished Jerusalem, having devoured much of the produce of the land, were proceeding, till, at the intercession of the prophet, they were removed. Then, seeing in the light of prophecy the nation in every sense brought low, he cries, “By whom shall Jacob arise? for he is small.” Calmet justly remarks: “After the death of Jeroboam the second, the kingdom, so flourishing and powerful before, was reduced to such weakness that it was obliged to have recourse to strangers for support.”
Adam Clarke· Commentary on the Bible (1810-1826)evangelical
1 more voice on this verse
Amos 7:2
“The mention of "Jacob" is a plea that God should "remember for them His covenant" with their forefather, the patriarch (Ps 106:45). he is small--reduced in numbers and in strength.”
Jamieson, Fausset & Brown· Commentary Critical and Explanatory on the Whole Bible (1871)reformed
Amos 7:3
“The Lord repented for this - God is said to “repent, to have strong compassion upon” or “over” evil, which He has either inflicted Deu 32:36; 1Ch 21:15, or has said that He would inflict Exo 32:12; Joe 2:13; Jon 3:10; Jer 18:8, and which, upon repentance or prayer, He suspends or checks. Here, Amos does not intercede until after the judgment had been, in part, inflicted.”
B. The devouring fire: and the LORD repentedvv. 4-6
called to contend by fire: The second vision escalates from crop to catastrophe: a fire that devours the great deep and eats up a part of the land itself, a judgment reaching past drought into the created order. Amos repeats the same plea in nearly the same words, cease, I beseech thee: by whom shall Jacob arise? for he is small, and the Lord repents again, this also shall not be. The bench reads the doubled reprieve as mercy already stretched twice before the third vision arrives with no plea answered, the pattern itself a warning that intercession has a limit the prophet does not control.
Amos 7:4
“The Lord God called to contend by fire - Permitted war, both civil and foreign, to harass the land, after the death of Jeroboam the second. These wars would have totally destroyed it, had not the prophet interceded. It devoured the great deep, and did eat up a part - We are here to understand the partially destructive wars which afterwards took place; for the Lord causes all these things to pass before the eyes of Amos in the vision of prophecy; and intimates that, at the intercession of his prophets, total ruin should be prevented.”
Adam Clarke· Commentary on the Bible (1810-1826)evangelical
Amos 7:5
“As our Lord repeated the same words in the Garden, so Amos interceded with God with words, all but one, the same, and with the same plea, that, if God did not help, Israel was indeed helpless. Yet a second time God spared Israel. To human sight, what so strange and unexpected, as that the Assyrian and his army, having utterly destroyed the kingdom of Damascus, and carried away its people, and having devoured, like fire, more than half of Israel, rolled back like an ebb-tide, swept away to ravage other countries, and spared the capital?”
Amos 7:6
“The Lord repented for this,.... He heard the prophet's prayer, and desisted from going on with the threatened destruction: this also shall not be, saith the Lord God; the whole land shall not be destroyed, only a part of it carried captive.”
1 more voice on this verse
Amos 7:6
“The caterpillars were countermanded, were remanded; a stop was put to the progress of the fire, and thus a reprieve was granted. See the power of prayer, of effectual fervent prayer, and how much it avails, what great things it prevails for. A stop has many a time been put to a judgment by making supplication to the Judge.”
Matthew Henry· Commentary on the Whole Bible (1707-1721)puritan
C. A plumb line set in the midst of my peoplevv. 7-9
a plumbline in his hand: The Lord stands upon a wall built by a plumbline, plumbline still in hand, and asks Amos what he sees; the answer is the simplest word in the book, a plumbline. Verified: the tool that tests a wall against true vertical now tests Israel against the standard it was built to meet, and this time there is no plea for Jacob's smallness, because the wall itself is the issue, not the storm against it. I will set a plumbline in the midst of my people Israel: I will not again pass by them any more names the shift from probation to sentence, and the high places of Isaac and the house of Jeroboam are named as the specific ruin, the sanctuary and the throne both measured and found short.
Amos 7:7
“Thus he showed me,.... A third vision, which was in the following manner: and, behold, the Lord stood upon a wall made by a plumbline, with a plumbline in his hand: this "wall" was the people of Israel, who were built up as a wall, firm and strong; and so stood against their enemies, while supported by the Lord, and he stood by them. The Septuagint version is, "an adamantine wall".”
1 more voice on this verse
Amos 7:7
“Stood upon - (Rather “over” “a wall” made by “a plumbline;” lit. “a wall of a plumbline,” that is, (as our’s has it) “made” straight, perpendicular, “by” it. The wall had been “made by a lead” or “plumbline;” by it, that is, according to it, it should e destroyed. God had made it upright, He had given to it an undeviating rule of right, He had watched over it, to keep it, as He made it. Now “He stood over it,” fixed in His purpose, to destroy it. He marked its inequalities. Yet this too in judgment.”
Amos 7:8
“Amos, what seest thou? - o: “He calls the prophet by name, as a familiar friend, known and approved by Him, as He said to Moses, “I know thee by name” Exo 33:12, Exo 33:17. For “the Lord knoweth them that are His. What seest thou?” 2Ti 2:19. God had twice heard the prophet. Two judgments upon His people He had mitigated, not upon their repentance, but on the single intercession of the prophet. After that, He willed to be no more entreated.”
Amos 7:9
“The high places of Isaac - He probably calls the ten tribes by the name of Isaac, as well as of Israel, in order to contrast their deeds with the blameless, gentle piety of Isaac, as well as the much-tried faithfulness of Israel. It has been thought too that he alludes to the first meaning of the name of Isaac. His name was given from the joyous laughter at the unheard-of promise of God, to give children to those past age; their high places should be a laughter, but the laughter of mockery .”
1 more voice on this verse
Amos 7:9
“In the Hebrew here "Isaac" is written with s, instead of the usual ts; both forms mean "laughter"; the change of spelling perhaps expresses that their "high places of Isaac" may be well so called, but not as they meant by the name; for they are only fit to be laughed at in scorn.”
Jamieson, Fausset & Brown· Commentary Critical and Explanatory on the Whole Bible (1871)reformed
D. Amaziah tells the seer to go earn his bread in Judah
1. (vv. 10-11)
Amos 7:10
“Amaziah the priest of Beth-el - The idolatrous priest who had been established by the king to maintain the worship of the golden calves which Jeroboam the elder had set up at this place. Amos hath conspired against thee - This was truly a lying prophet; there is not one word of truth in this message which he sent to Jeroboam.”
Adam Clarke· Commentary on the Bible (1810-1826)evangelical
2 more voices on this verse
Amos 7:10
“Then Amaziah the priest of Bethel,.... The Targum calls him the prince or president of Bethel; and the word used signifies both a prince and a priest; and very probably this man had the care of the civil as well as religious matters in Bethel.”
Amos 7:10
“Not secretly, or in a corner, but openly, in the very center of the state, so as to upset the whole utterly. land is not able to bear all his words--They are so many and so intolerable. A sedition will be the result. The mention of his being "priest of Beth-el" implies that it was for his own priestly gain, not for the king or state, he was so keen.”
Jamieson, Fausset & Brown· Commentary Critical and Explanatory on the Whole Bible (1871)reformed
Amos 7:11
“For thus Amos saith, Jeroboam shall die by the sword,.... Which was not saying truth; for Amos said not that Jeroboam should die by the sword, but that God would raise up the sword against his house or family; nor did Jeroboam die by the sword, but his son Zachariah did: and Israel shall surely be led away captive out of their own land; this was true; Amos did say this, and he afterwards confirms it.”
1 more voice on this verse
Amos 7:11
“For thus Amos saith - Amos had said, “Thus saith the Lord;” he never fails to impress on them, whose words he is speaking. Amaziah, himself bound up in a system of falsehood and imposture, which, being a creature-worship, gave itself out as the worship of the true God, believed all besides to be fraud. Fraud always suspects fraud; the irreligious think devotion, holiness, saintliness to be hypocrisy: vice imagines virtue to be well-masked vice.”
Amos hath conspired against thee: Amaziah, priest of the rival shrine at Bethel, reports Amos to Jeroboam as a conspirator whose words the land is not able to bear, and summarizes the sermon accurately as a threat to the throne, Jeroboam shall die by the sword, and Israel shall surely be led away captive. The bench notes that Amaziah does not deny the charge is true; he objects that it is intolerable to hear, the priest of the state shrine acting as the king's man rather than the Lord's, the collision the chapter has been building toward since the plumbline fell.
2. (vv. 12-13)
Amos 7:12
He judges of Amos by his own selfishness, as if regard to one's own safety and livelihood are the paramount considerations. So the false prophets (Eze 13:19) were ready to say whatever pleased their hearers, however false, for "handfuls of barley and pieces of bread."
Jamieson, Fausset & Brown· Commentary Critical and Explanatory on the Whole Bible (1871)reformed
1 more voice on this verse
Amos 7:12
“That Bethel was not a proper place for him to exercise his ministry in, for it was the king's chapel, or sanctuary, where he had his idols and their altars and priests; and it was the king's court, or the house of the kingdom, where the royal family resided and where were set the thrones of judgment; and therefore prophesy not any more here.”
Matthew Henry· Commentary on the Whole Bible (1707-1721)puritan
go, flee thee away into the land of Judah: Amaziah orders Amos home to Judah to eat bread and prophesy there, naming Bethel the king's chapel and the king's court, language that puts the shrine under the crown rather than under God. The bench reads the order as an attempt to buy off a prophet with his own livelihood, treat prophecy as a trade Amos can practice for pay somewhere safer, which is exactly the assumption the next two verses answer.
3. (vv. 14-15)
Amos 7:14
“No prophet - Not originally, or by study, or by any human designation. An herdman - By breeding and occupation I was and still am, an herdman. Sycamore fruit - This fruit was good food for man, or cattle.”
John Wesley· Explanatory Notes upon the Old Testament (1765)evangelical
3 more voices on this verse
Amos 7:14
“I was no prophet - I am an extraordinary messenger of God. I am not called to the prophetic office but for this occasion. I have no message to Judah, and therefore need not go there. I have a message to Israel alone, and I must faithfully deliver it. For the account which Amos gives here of himself, see the introduction.”
Adam Clarke· Commentary on the Bible (1810-1826)evangelical
Amos 7:14
“I am a shepherd (compare Am 7:15, "flock"; the Hebrew for "herdsman" includes the meaning, shepherd, compare Am 1:1) in humble position, who did not even think of prophesying among you, until a divine call impelled me to it. prophet's son--that is, disciple.”
Jamieson, Fausset & Brown· Commentary Critical and Explanatory on the Whole Bible (1871)reformed
Amos 7:14
“He did not run before he was sent, but pleads, as Paul, that he was called to be an apostle; and men will find it is at their peril if they contradict and oppose any that come in God's name, if they say to his seers, See not, or silence those whom he has bidden to speak; such fight against God.”
Matthew Henry· Commentary on the Whole Bible (1707-1721)puritan
Amos 7:15
“And the Lord took me as I followed the flock,....”
I was no prophet, neither was I a prophet’s son: Amos answers with his own resume against the charge that he prophesies for a living: I was no prophet, neither was I a prophet's son, but I was an herdman, and a gatherer of sycomore fruit, a working man with no guild membership and no fee to lose. The Lord took me as I followed the flock, and the Lord said unto me, Go, prophesy unto my people Israel grounds his commission outside Bethel's control entirely, a call Amaziah's order cannot rescind because Amaziah never issued it. The bench reads the verse as the clearest statement in the Twelve of prophecy as vocation rather than profession.
4. (vv. 16-17)
Amos 7:16
“Now therefore hear thou the word of the Lord,.... Which I have from him concerning thee, and which he has pronounced upon thee and thy family: thou sayest, prophesy not against Israel; when God has bid me prophesy: and drop not thy word against the house of Isaac; say nothing against it, though in ever so soft and gentle a manner: it designs the same thing as before, only in different words; and is a prohibition of the prophet to prophesy against the ten tribes that descended from Isaac, in the line of Jacob.”
2 more voices on this verse
Amos 7:16
Amaziah then was in direct rebellion and contradiction against God. He was in an office forbidden by God. God’s word came to him. He had his choice; and, as people do, when entangled in evil courses, he chose the more consciously amiss. He had to resign his lucrative office and to submit to God speaking to him through a shepherd, or to stand in direct opposition to God, and to confront God; and in silencing Amos, he would silence God. But, like one who would arrest the lightning, he draws it on his own head. Amos contrasts the word of Amaziah, and the word of God; Rup.: “Hear thou the word of the Lord; Thou sayest; prophesy not against Israel. Therefore thus saith the Lord.” Not only will I not cease to prophesy against Israel, but I will also prophesy to thee. Hear now thine own part of the prophecy.” Drop not - The form of expression, (not the word) is probably taken from Moses. “My doctrine shall drop as the rain, my speech shall distill as the dew; as the small rain upon the tender herb, and as the showers upon the grass” Deu 32:2. Micah speaks of the word as used by those who forbade to prophesy, as though the prophecy were a continual wearisome “dropping.” God’s word comes as a gentle dew or soft rain, not beating down but refreshing; not sweeping away, like a storm, but sinking in and softening even hard ground, all but the rock; gentle, so as they can bear it. God’s word was to people, such as they were toward it; dropping like the dew on those who received it; wearing, to those who hardened themselves against it. It drops in measure upon the hearts which it fertilizes, being adapted to their capacity to receive it. And so contrariwise as to the judgments with which God’s prophets are charged. : “The prophets do not discharge at once the whole wrath of God, but, in their threatenings, denounce little drops of it.”
Amos 7:16
“Now therefore hear thou the word of the Lord - While he was speaking in his own vindication, God seems to have inspired him with the awful prediction which he immediately delivers.”
Adam Clarke· Commentary on the Bible (1810-1826)evangelical
Amos 7:17
“Sometimes the sins of our relations are to be looked upon as judgments of God upon us. His children, though they keep honest, yet shall not keep alive: His sons and his daughters shall fall by the sword of war, and he himself shall live to see it.”
Matthew Henry· Commentary on the Whole Bible (1707-1721)puritan
1 more voice on this verse
Amos 7:17
“Thy wife shall be a harlot - These were, and still are, among the horrors of war. His own sentence comes last, when he had seen the rest, unable to hinder it. Against his and her own will, she should suffer this.”
drop not thy word against the house of Isaac: Because Amaziah said, prophesy not against Israel, and drop not thy word against the house of Isaac, the word turns from the nation onto the household that tried to silence it: Amaziah's wife reduced to harlotry in a conquered city, his children fallen by the sword, his land divided by line, and he himself dying on polluted ground. The bench reads the sentence as measure for measure, the man who wanted no word against Israel handed a word against his own family by name, with Israel's own captivity restated at the close so the reader is not left thinking Amaziah alone bears it.
This page carries no textual note on Amos 7. Where this site has examined a place the manuscripts differ, the examination is in the manuscripts room. Every place this site examines →
Sources for this chapter
The summary
Jamieson, Fausset & Brown, Commentary Critical and Explanatory; John Calvin, Commentaries; John Wesley, Notes on the Old Testament and Matthew Henry, Complete Commentary.
The exposition
Adam Clarke, Commentary on the Bible; Albert Barnes, Notes on the Old Testament; Carl Friedrich Keil, The Twelve Minor Prophets; Edward Bouverie Pusey, The Minor Prophets: A Commentary; John Gill, Exposition of the Old Testament; John Wesley, Explanatory Notes upon the Old Testament and Matthew Henry, Commentary on the Whole Bible.
