Psalms 18:2
in Psalms 18The LORD is my rock, my fortress, and my deliverer. My God is my rock, in whom I take refuge, my shield, and the horn of my salvation, my stronghold.
BSB
The same verse in ASV and KJV ▾
ASV
Jehovah is my rock, and my fortress, and my deliverer; My God, my rock, in whom I will take refuge; My shield, and the horn of my salvation, my high tower.
KJV
The Lord is my rock, and my fortress, and my deliverer; my God, my strength, in whom I will trust; my buckler, and the horn of my salvation, and my high tower.
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This verse in Psalms 18
Commentary
14 notes on this verseUnless one has a horn with which to rout his enemies, he is not worthy to be offered to God. That is why the Lord is described as a horn to those who believe in him; and it was with the horns of the cross that he routed his enemies. On the cross he confounded the devil and his entire army. To be sure, Christ was crucified in his body, but on the cross, it was he who was crucifying there the devils. It was not a cross; it was a symbol of triumph, a banner of victory.
This site's exposition
I love You, O LORD
on Psalms 18:1-3
The psalm opens with love for the LORD, then a run of titles. Rock, fortress, deliverer, refuge, shield, horn of salvation and stronghold are a soldier's words for cover, each naming a different danger. He calls on the LORD and is saved from his enemies.
The record, by era
The Church Fathers2 voices
Christ is the rock. When David built his own house on the rock, he was like the wise man. … In such a way, he is made superior to all his enemies. He becomes faithful, not by hope or by training but by the help of God, established in all types of defenses and in the horn of salvation.
"O Lord, My stay, and My refuge, and My deliverer" [Psalm 18:2]. O Lord, who hast stayed Me, because I sought refuge with You: and I sought refuge, because You have delivered Me. "My God is My helper; and I will hope in Him." My God, who hast first afforded me the help of Your call, that I might be able to hope in You. "My defender, and the horn of My salvation, and My redeemer." My defender, because I have not leant upon Myself, lifting up as it were the horn of pride against You; but have found You a horn indeed, that is, the sure height of salvation: and that I might find it, You redeemed Me.
The Medieval Church3 voices
A commentator
BonaventureCollationes de Septem Donis, Collation 5 · Written in the 13th century.
proposed
"I will love you, O Lord, my fortitude; the Lord is my firmament and my refuge and my deliverer." Catherine and Lucy were strong through the love of God. If we are not bound to the Lord through charity, we easily lose our fortitude.
In the preceding Psalm the Psalmist prayed to be delivered from his enemies; here, having been delivered, he gives thanks. And first he gives thanks for the benefit of deliverance. Second, he breaks forth into praise of the deliverer, at "the heavens declare the glory …
"My God." Here he sets forth the affection of hope. And there is a difference between hope and love, because love is a unitive power -- for we love something insofar as we consider it our own; and therefore he says that God is his …
7 more voices on this verse
The Puritans and the Awakening3 voices
): " The Lord Jehovah is my God; and then he is my rock, my fortress, all that I need and can desire in my present distress." For there is that in God which is suited to all the exigencies and occasions of his people that trust in him.
quarantine:debris (2026-07-29) — leading-punctuation+unbalanced-parens
Rock - To which I flee for refuge, as the Israelites did to their rocks. Horn - It is a metaphor from those beasts whose strength lies in their horns.
The Lord is my rock,.... To whom the saints have recourse for shelter and safety, for supply, support, and divine refreshment; and in whom they are secure, and on whom they build their hopes of eternal life and happiness, and so are safe from all enemies, and from all danger.
The Nineteenth Century4 voices
"The Lord is my rock and my fortress." Dwelling among the crags and mountain fastnesses of Judea David had escaped the malice of Saul, and here he compares his God to such a place of concealment and security. Believers are often hidden in their God from the strife of tongues and the fury of the storm of trouble. The clefts of the Rock of Ages are safe abodes. "My deliverer, " interposing in my hour of peril. When almost captured the Lord's people are rescued from the hand of the mighty by him who is mightier still.
"The Lord is my rock and my fortress." Dwelling among the crags and mountain fastnesses of Judea David had escaped the malice of Saul, and here he compares his God to such a place of concealment and security. Believers are often hidden in their God from the strife of tongues and the fury of the storm of trouble. The clefts of the Rock of Ages are safe abodes. "My deliverer, " interposing in my hour of peril. When almost captured the Lord's people are rescued from the hand of the mighty by him who is mightier still. This title of "deliverer" has many sermons in it, and is well worthy of the study of all experienced saints. "My God;" this is all good things in one. There is a boundless wealth in this expression; it means, my perpetual, unchanging, infinite, eternal good. He who can say truly "my God, " may well add, "my heaven, my all." "My strength;" this word is really "my rock, " in the sense of strength and immobility. My sure, unchanging, eternal confidence and support. Thus the word rock occurs twice, but it is no tautology, for the first time it is a rock for concealment, but here a rock for firmness and immutability. "In whom I will trust." Faith must be exercised, or the preciousness of God is not truly known; and God must be the object of faith, or faith is mere presumption. "My buckler, " warding off the blows of my enemy, shielding me from arrow or sword. The Lord furnishes his warriors with weapons both offensive and defensive. Our armoury is completely stored so that none need go to battle unarmed. "The horn of my salvation, " enabling me to push down my foes, and to triumph over them with holy exultation. "My high tower, "a citadel high planted on a rocky eminence beyond the reach of my enemies, from the heights of which I look down upon their fury without alarm, and survey a wide landscape of mercy reaching even unto the goodly land beyond Jordan.
The Lord is my rock - 2. I stand on him as my foundation, and derive every good from him who is the source of good. The word סלע sela signifies those craggy precipices which afford shelter to men and wild animals; where the bees often made their nests, and whence honey was collected in great abundance. “He made him to suck honey out of the rock,” Deu 32:13. 3. He was his fortress; a place of strength and safety, fortified by nature and art, where he could be safe from his enemies. He refers to those inaccessible heights in the rocky, mountainous country of Judea, where he had often found refuge from the pursuit of Saul. What these have been to my body, such has the Lord been to my soul. Deliverer - 4. מפלתי mephalleti, he who causes me to escape. This refers to his preservation in straits and difficulties. He was often almost surrounded and taken, but still the Lord made a way for his escape - made a way out as his enemies got in; so that, while they got in at one side of his strong hold, he got out of the other, and so escaped with his life. These escapes were so narrow and so unlikely that he plainly saw the hand of the Lord was in them. 5. My God, אלי ,doG Eli, my strong God, not only the object of my adoration, but he who puts strength in my soul. 6. My strength, צורי tsuri. This is a different word from that in the first verse. Rabbi Maimon has observed that צור tsur, when applied to God, signifies fountain, source, origin, etc. God is not only the source whence my being was derived, but he is the fountain whence I derive all my good; in whom, says David, I will trust. And why? Because he knew him to be an eternal and inexhaustible fountain of goodness. This fine idea is lost in our translation; for we render two Hebrew words of widely different meaning, by the same term in English, strength. 7. […]
A commentator
Albert Barnes1798–1870
Notes, Explanatory and Practical, on the Old and New Testaments (1832-1869)
proposed
The Lord is my rock - The idea in this expression, and in the subsequent parts of the description, is that he owed his safety entirely to God. He had been unto him as a rock, a tower, a buckler, etc. - that is, he had derived from God the protection which a rock, a tower, a citadel, a buckler furnished to those who depended on them, or which they were designed to secure. The word “rock” here has reference to the fact that in times of danger a lofty rock would be sought as a place of safety, or that men would fly to it to escape from their enemies. Such rocks abound in Palestine; and by the fact that they are elevated and difficult of access, or by the fact that those who fled to them could find shelter behind their projecting crags, or by the fact that they could find security in their deep and dark caverns, they became places of refuge in times of danger; and protection was often found there when it could not be found in the plains below. Compare Jdg 6:2; Psa 27:5; Psa 61:2. Also, Josephus, Ant., b. xiv., ch. xv. And my fortress - He has been to me as a fortress. The word fortress means a place of defense, a place so strengthened that an enemy could not approach it, or where one would be safe. Such fortresses were often constructed on the rocks or on hills, where those who fled there would be doubly safe. Compare Job 39:28. See also the notes at Isa 33:16. And my deliverer - Delivering or rescuing me from my enemies. My God - Who hast been to me a God; that is, in whom I have found all that is implied in the idea of “God” - a Protector, Helper, Friend, Father, Saviour. […]
How the passage was read
What the Jewish commentators add
On the verses either side of this one
on the day the Lord saved him etc. When he became old and all his troubles had already passed over him and he was saved from them.
This section is reception history: how the passage was read and kept in the Jewish tradition. Where a reading parts from an essential of the Christian faith, the section says so at that point.
Texts and citation data: Sefaria; each excerpt follows its version’s licence. 4 further sources are cited on this chapter that carry no English text this site may quote or only restate the verse.
The words behind it
12 Hebrew wordsEvery Hebrew word of this verse in the order it stands, with what it means and the door to its own study. The last column counts the times a word stands in the whole Bible: the rarer the word, the more the places it appears belong together.
| Hebrew | Sound | Meaning | Word study | In the Bible |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| יְהוָ֤ה׀ | yahweh | Yahweh | H3068 → | 6520 times |
| סַֽלְעִ֥י | sali | [is] rock my | H5553 → | 58 times |
| וּמְצוּדָתִ֗י | umetzudati | and stronghold my | H4686 → | 21 times |
| וּמְפַ֫לְטִ֥י | umefalti | and deliverer my | H6403 → | 26 times |
| אֵלִ֣י | ʾeli | God my | H410 → | 241 times |
| צ֭וּרִי | tzuri | [is] rock my | H6697 → | 78 times |
| אֶֽחֱסֶה־ | ʾecheseh- | [whom] I take refuge | H2620 → | 37 times |
| בּ֑וֹ | bo | in him | ||
| מָֽגִנִּ֥י | magini | shield my | H4043 → | 63 times |
| וְקֶֽרֶן־ | vekeren- | and [the] horn of | H7161 → | 76 times |
| יִ֝שְׁעִ֗י | yishi | salvation my | H3468 → | 36 times |
| מִשְׂגַּבִּֽי׃ | misgabi | refuge my | H4869 → | 17 times |
יְהוָ֤ה׀Yahweh
yahwehH3068 →6520 times
סַֽלְעִ֥י[is] rock my
saliH5553 →58 times
וּמְצוּדָתִ֗יand stronghold my
umetzudatiH4686 →21 times
וּמְפַ֫לְטִ֥יand deliverer my
umefaltiH6403 →26 times
אֵלִ֣יGod my
ʾeliH410 →241 times
צ֭וּרִי[is] rock my
tzuriH6697 →78 times
אֶֽחֱסֶה־[whom] I take refuge
ʾecheseh-H2620 →37 times
בּ֑וֹin him
bo
מָֽגִנִּ֥יshield my
maginiH4043 →63 times
וְקֶֽרֶן־and [the] horn of
vekeren-H7161 →76 times
יִ֝שְׁעִ֗יsalvation my
yishiH3468 →36 times
מִשְׂגַּבִּֽי׃refuge my
misgabiH4869 →17 times
A shaded row is a word that stands 400 times or fewer in the Bible.
The walk
8 stopsEach card is a verse this one points to, and under it the verses that one points to in turn. Where several paths arrive at the same place, that place is listed first: the text keeps returning to it.
Through
Proverbs 18:10The name of the LORD is a strong tower; the righteous run to it and are safe.
it leads to
- Isaiah 26:4
Trust in the LORD forever, because GOD the LORD is the Rock eternal.
Reached by 2 separate paths from here.
- 2 Samuel 22:3
My God is my rock, in whom I take refuge, my shield, and the horn of my salvation. My stronghold, my refuge, and my Savior, You save me from violence.
- Psalms 91:2
I will say to the LORD, “You are my refuge and my fortress, my God, in whom I trust.”
- Psalms 144:2
He is my steadfast love and my fortress, my stronghold and my deliverer. He is my shield, in whom I take refuge, who subdues peoples under me.
- Psalms 61:3–4
For You have been my refuge, a tower of strength against the enemy.
- Isaiah 26:4
Through
Psalms 19:14May the words of my mouth and the meditation of my heart be pleasing in Your sight, O LORD, my Rock and my Redeemer.
it leads to
- Psalms 104:34
May my meditation be pleasing to Him, for I rejoice in the LORD.
- Psalms 51:15
O Lord, open my lips, and my mouth will declare Your praise.
- Psalms 104:34
Through
Psalms 91:2I will say to the LORD, “You are my refuge and my fortress, my God, in whom I trust.”
it leads to
- Isaiah 26:3–4
You will keep in perfect peace the steadfast of mind, because he trusts in You.
- Isaiah 26:3–4
About Psalms

This page draws on 13 works. Open the list of works
This page draws on Adam Clarke, Commentary on the Bible; Albert Barnes, Notes, Explanatory and Practical, on the Old and New Testaments (1832-1869); Augustine of Hippo, Exposition on Psalm 18; Bonaventure, Collationes de Septem Donis, Collation 5; Charles Spurgeon, The Treasury of David; Charles Spurgeon, The Treasury of David, Vol. 1; Eusebius of Caesarea, COMMENTARY ON PSALMS 18:2, 3; Franz Delitzsch, Biblical Commentary on the Psalms; Jerome, HOMILY ON PSALM 91[92]; John Gill, Exposition of the Old Testament (1748-1763); John Wesley, Explanatory Notes upon the Old Testament; Matthew Henry, Commentary on the Whole Bible and Thomas Aquinas, Exposition on the Psalms of David.
