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Psalms 18:2

in Psalms 18

The LORD is my rock, my fortress, and my deliverer. My God is my rock, in whom I take refuge, my shield, and the horn of my salvation, my stronghold.

BSB

The same verse in ASV and KJV

ASV

Jehovah is my rock, and my fortress, and my deliverer; My God, my rock, in whom I will take refuge; My shield, and the horn of my salvation, my high tower.

KJV

The Lord is my rock, and my fortress, and my deliverer; my God, my strength, in whom I will trust; my buckler, and the horn of my salvation, and my high tower.

This verse in Psalms 18

Commentary

14 notes on this verse

A commentator

Jerome

HOMILY ON PSALM 91[92] · Written before 420.

Unless one has a horn with which to rout his enemies, he is not worthy to be offered to God. That is why the Lord is described as a horn to those who believe in him; and it was with the horns of the cross that he routed his enemies. On the cross he confounded the devil and his entire army. To be sure, Christ was crucified in his body, but on the cross, it was he who was crucifying there the devils. It was not a cross; it was a symbol of triumph, a banner of victory.

This site's exposition

I love You, O LORD

on Psalms 18:1-3

The psalm opens with love for the LORD, then a run of titles. Rock, fortress, deliverer, refuge, shield, horn of salvation and stronghold are a soldier's words for cover, each naming a different danger. He calls on the LORD and is saved from his enemies.

The record, by era

The Church Fathers2 voices

A commentator

Eusebius of Caesarea

COMMENTARY ON PSALMS 18:2, 3 · Written before 339.

proposed

Christ is the rock. When David built his own house on the rock, he was like the wise man. … In such a way, he is made superior to all his enemies. He becomes faithful, not by hope or by training but by the help of God, established in all types of defenses and in the horn of salvation.

A commentator

Augustine of Hippo

Exposition on Psalm 18 · Written in the 5th century.

proposed

"O Lord, My stay, and My refuge, and My deliverer" [Psalm 18:2]. O Lord, who hast stayed Me, because I sought refuge with You: and I sought refuge, because You have delivered Me. "My God is My helper; and I will hope in Him." My God, who hast first afforded me the help of Your call, that I might be able to hope in You. "My defender, and the horn of My salvation, and My redeemer." My defender, because I have not leant upon Myself, lifting up as it were the horn of pride against You; but have found You a horn indeed, that is, the sure height of salvation: and that I might find it, You redeemed Me.

The Medieval Church3 voices

A commentator

Bonaventure

Collationes de Septem Donis, Collation 5 · Written in the 13th century.

proposed

"I will love you, O Lord, my fortitude; the Lord is my firmament and my refuge and my deliverer." Catherine and Lucy were strong through the love of God. If we are not bound to the Lord through charity, we easily lose our fortitude.

A commentator

Thomas Aquinas

Exposition on the Psalms of David · Written before 1274.

proposed

In the preceding Psalm the Psalmist prayed to be delivered from his enemies; here, having been delivered, he gives thanks. And first he gives thanks for the benefit of deliverance. Second, he breaks forth into praise of the deliverer, at "the heavens declare the glory …

A commentator

Thomas Aquinas

Exposition on the Psalms of David · Written before 1274.

proposed

"My God." Here he sets forth the affection of hope. And there is a difference between hope and love, because love is a unitive power -- for we love something insofar as we consider it our own; and therefore he says that God is his …
7 more voices on this verse

The Puritans and the Awakening3 voices

A commentator

Matthew Henry

1662–1714

Commentary on the Whole Bible (1710)

proposed

): " The Lord Jehovah is my God; and then he is my rock, my fortress, all that I need and can desire in my present distress." For there is that in God which is suited to all the exigencies and occasions of his people that trust in him.

quarantine:debris (2026-07-29) — leading-punctuation+unbalanced-parens

A commentator

John Wesley

1703–1791

Explanatory Notes upon the Old Testament (1765)

proposed

Rock - To which I flee for refuge, as the Israelites did to their rocks. Horn - It is a metaphor from those beasts whose strength lies in their horns.
The Lord is my rock,.... To whom the saints have recourse for shelter and safety, for supply, support, and divine refreshment; and in whom they are secure, and on whom they build their hopes of eternal life and happiness, and so are safe from all enemies, and from all danger.

The Nineteenth Century4 voices

A commentator

Charles Spurgeon

1834–1892

The Treasury of David, Vol. 1 (1869)

"The Lord is my rock and my fortress." Dwelling among the crags and mountain fastnesses of Judea David had escaped the malice of Saul, and here he compares his God to such a place of concealment and security. Believers are often hidden in their God from the strife of tongues and the fury of the storm of trouble. The clefts of the Rock of Ages are safe abodes. "My deliverer, " interposing in my hour of peril. When almost captured the Lord's people are rescued from the hand of the mighty by him who is mightier still.

A commentator

Charles Spurgeon

1834–1892

The Treasury of David, Vol. 1 (1869)

proposed

"The Lord is my rock and my fortress." Dwelling among the crags and mountain fastnesses of Judea David had escaped the malice of Saul, and here he compares his God to such a place of concealment and security. Believers are often hidden in their God from the strife of tongues and the fury of the storm of trouble. The clefts of the Rock of Ages are safe abodes. "My deliverer, " interposing in my hour of peril. When almost captured the Lord's people are rescued from the hand of the mighty by him who is mightier still. This title of "deliverer" has many sermons in it, and is well worthy of the study of all experienced saints. "My God;" this is all good things in one. There is a boundless wealth in this expression; it means, my perpetual, unchanging, infinite, eternal good. He who can say truly "my God, " may well add, "my heaven, my all." "My strength;" this word is really "my rock, " in the sense of strength and immobility. My sure, unchanging, eternal confidence and support. Thus the word rock occurs twice, but it is no tautology, for the first time it is a rock for concealment, but here a rock for firmness and immutability. "In whom I will trust." Faith must be exercised, or the preciousness of God is not truly known; and God must be the object of faith, or faith is mere presumption. "My buckler, " warding off the blows of my enemy, shielding me from arrow or sword. The Lord furnishes his warriors with weapons both offensive and defensive. Our armoury is completely stored so that none need go to battle unarmed. "The horn of my salvation, " enabling me to push down my foes, and to triumph over them with holy exultation. "My high tower, "a citadel high planted on a rocky eminence beyond the reach of my enemies, from the heights of which I look down upon their fury without alarm, and survey a wide landscape of mercy reaching even unto the goodly land beyond Jordan.

A commentator

Adam Clarke

1762–1832

Commentary on the Bible · Written before 1832.

proposed

The Lord is my rock - 2. I stand on him as my foundation, and derive every good from him who is the source of good. The word סלע sela signifies those craggy precipices which afford shelter to men and wild animals; where the bees often made their nests, and whence honey was collected in great abundance. “He made him to suck honey out of the rock,” Deu 32:13. 3. He was his fortress; a place of strength and safety, fortified by nature and art, where he could be safe from his enemies. He refers to those inaccessible heights in the rocky, mountainous country of Judea, where he had often found refuge from the pursuit of Saul. What these have been to my body, such has the Lord been to my soul. Deliverer - 4. מפלתי mephalleti, he who causes me to escape. This refers to his preservation in straits and difficulties. He was often almost surrounded and taken, but still the Lord made a way for his escape - made a way out as his enemies got in; so that, while they got in at one side of his strong hold, he got out of the other, and so escaped with his life. These escapes were so narrow and so unlikely that he plainly saw the hand of the Lord was in them. 5. My God, אלי ,doG Eli, my strong God, not only the object of my adoration, but he who puts strength in my soul. 6. My strength, צורי tsuri. This is a different word from that in the first verse. Rabbi Maimon has observed that צור tsur, when applied to God, signifies fountain, source, origin, etc. God is not only the source whence my being was derived, but he is the fountain whence I derive all my good; in whom, says David, I will trust. And why? Because he knew him to be an eternal and inexhaustible fountain of goodness. This fine idea is lost in our translation; for we render two Hebrew words of widely different meaning, by the same term in English, strength. 7. […]
The Lord is my rock - The idea in this expression, and in the subsequent parts of the description, is that he owed his safety entirely to God. He had been unto him as a rock, a tower, a buckler, etc. - that is, he had derived from God the protection which a rock, a tower, a citadel, a buckler furnished to those who depended on them, or which they were designed to secure. The word “rock” here has reference to the fact that in times of danger a lofty rock would be sought as a place of safety, or that men would fly to it to escape from their enemies. Such rocks abound in Palestine; and by the fact that they are elevated and difficult of access, or by the fact that those who fled to them could find shelter behind their projecting crags, or by the fact that they could find security in their deep and dark caverns, they became places of refuge in times of danger; and protection was often found there when it could not be found in the plains below. Compare Jdg 6:2; Psa 27:5; Psa 61:2. Also, Josephus, Ant., b. xiv., ch. xv. And my fortress - He has been to me as a fortress. The word fortress means a place of defense, a place so strengthened that an enemy could not approach it, or where one would be safe. Such fortresses were often constructed on the rocks or on hills, where those who fled there would be doubly safe. Compare Job 39:28. See also the notes at Isa 33:16. And my deliverer - Delivering or rescuing me from my enemies. My God - Who hast been to me a God; that is, in whom I have found all that is implied in the idea of “God” - a Protector, Helper, Friend, Father, Saviour. […]

How the passage was read

What the Jewish commentators add

On the verses either side of this one

on the day the Lord saved him etc. When he became old and all his troubles had already passed over him and he was saved from them.
Rashi: France, 1040–1105 · Rashi on Psalms 18:1:1, via Sefaria, The Judaica Press complete Tanach with Rashi, translated by A. J. Rosenberg

This section is reception history: how the passage was read and kept in the Jewish tradition. Where a reading parts from an essential of the Christian faith, the section says so at that point.

Texts and citation data: Sefaria; each excerpt follows its version’s licence. 4 further sources are cited on this chapter that carry no English text this site may quote or only restate the verse.

The words behind it

12 Hebrew words

Every Hebrew word of this verse in the order it stands, with what it means and the door to its own study. The last column counts the times a word stands in the whole Bible: the rarer the word, the more the places it appears belong together.

  • יְהוָ֤ה׀Yahweh

    yahwehH30686520 times

  • סַֽלְעִ֥י[is] rock my

    saliH555358 times

  • וּמְצוּדָתִ֗יand stronghold my

    umetzudatiH468621 times

  • וּמְפַ֫לְטִ֥יand deliverer my

    umefaltiH640326 times

  • אֵלִ֣יGod my

    ʾeliH410241 times

  • צ֭וּרִי[is] rock my

    tzuriH669778 times

  • אֶֽחֱסֶה־[whom] I take refuge

    ʾecheseh-H262037 times

  • בּ֑וֹin him

    bo

  • מָֽגִנִּ֥יshield my

    maginiH404363 times

  • וְקֶֽרֶן־and [the] horn of

    vekeren-H716176 times

  • יִ֝שְׁעִ֗יsalvation my

    yishiH346836 times

  • מִשְׂגַּבִּֽי׃refuge my

    misgabiH486917 times

A shaded row is a word that stands 400 times or fewer in the Bible.

The walk

8 stops

Each card is a verse this one points to, and under it the verses that one points to in turn. Where several paths arrive at the same place, that place is listed first: the text keeps returning to it.

  • Through

    Proverbs 18:10

    The name of the LORD is a strong tower; the righteous run to it and are safe.

    it leads to

    • Isaiah 26:4

      Trust in the LORD forever, because GOD the LORD is the Rock eternal.

      Reached by 2 separate paths from here.

    • 2 Samuel 22:3

      My God is my rock, in whom I take refuge, my shield, and the horn of my salvation. My stronghold, my refuge, and my Savior, You save me from violence.

    • Psalms 91:2

      I will say to the LORD, “You are my refuge and my fortress, my God, in whom I trust.”

    • Psalms 144:2

      He is my steadfast love and my fortress, my stronghold and my deliverer. He is my shield, in whom I take refuge, who subdues peoples under me.

    • Psalms 61:3–4

      For You have been my refuge, a tower of strength against the enemy.

  • Through

    Psalms 19:14

    May the words of my mouth and the meditation of my heart be pleasing in Your sight, O LORD, my Rock and my Redeemer.

    it leads to

    • Psalms 104:34

      May my meditation be pleasing to Him, for I rejoice in the LORD.

    • Psalms 51:15

      O Lord, open my lips, and my mouth will declare Your praise.

  • Through

    Psalms 91:2

    I will say to the LORD, “You are my refuge and my fortress, my God, in whom I trust.”

    it leads to

    • Isaiah 26:3–4

      You will keep in perfect peace the steadfast of mind, because he trusts in You.

About Psalms

David Attacks the Ammonites. Gustave Dore, 1866. Dore's English Bible (1866). Public domain.
David Attacks the Ammonites. Gustave Dore, 1866. Dore's English Bible (1866). Public domain.
This page draws on 13 works. Open the list of works

This page draws on Adam Clarke, Commentary on the Bible; Albert Barnes, Notes, Explanatory and Practical, on the Old and New Testaments (1832-1869); Augustine of Hippo, Exposition on Psalm 18; Bonaventure, Collationes de Septem Donis, Collation 5; Charles Spurgeon, The Treasury of David; Charles Spurgeon, The Treasury of David, Vol. 1; Eusebius of Caesarea, COMMENTARY ON PSALMS 18:2, 3; Franz Delitzsch, Biblical Commentary on the Psalms; Jerome, HOMILY ON PSALM 91[92]; John Gill, Exposition of the Old Testament (1748-1763); John Wesley, Explanatory Notes upon the Old Testament; Matthew Henry, Commentary on the Whole Bible and Thomas Aquinas, Exposition on the Psalms of David.