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Luke 21:20

in Luke 21

But when you see Jerusalem surrounded by armies, you will know that her desolation is near.

BSB

The same verse in ASV and KJV ▾

ASV

But when ye see Jerusalem compassed with armies, then know that her desolation is at hand.

KJV

And when ye shall see Jerusalem compassed with armies, then know that the desolation thereof is nigh.

This verse in Luke 21

Commentary

15 notes on this verse

A commentator

Ambrose of Milan

Catena Aurea by Aquinas · Written before 397.

For the Jews thought that the abomination of desolation took place when the Romans, in mockery of a Jewish observance, cast a pig's head into the temple. Now mystically, the abomination of desolation is the coming of Antichrist, for with ill-omened sacrilege he pollutes the innermost recesses of the heart, sitting as it is literally in the temple, that he may claim to himself the throne of divine power.

This site's exposition

Jerusalem surrounded by armies

on Luke 21:20-22

When they see Jerusalem surrounded by armies, her desolation is near. Eusebius records that the Christians of Jerusalem fled to Pella when Cestius Gallus withdrew in AD 66. Many read this as judgment on the city within that generation, and others hold a fuller sense still future.

The record, by era

The Church Fathers5 voices

A commentator

Augustine of Hippo

Catena Aurea by Aquinas · Written before 430.

proposed

(ad Hesych. Ep. 199.) These words of our Lord, Luke has here related to show, that the abomination of desolation which was prophesied by Daniel, and of which Matthew and Mark had spoken, (Mat. 24, Mark 13.) was fulfilled at the siege of Jerusalem.

A commentator

Eusebius of Caesarea

Catena Aurea by Aquinas · Written before 339.

proposed

By the desolation of Jerusalem, He means that it was never again to be set up, or its legal rites to be reestablished, so that no one should expect, after the coming siege and desolation, any restoration to take place, as there was in the time of the Persian king, Antiochus the Great, and Pompey.

A commentator

Tertullian

Against Marcion Book IV · Written before 220.

proposed

Then, having shown what was to be the period of the destruction, even "when Jerusalem should begin to be compassed with armies," He described the signs of the end of all things: "portents in the sun, and the moon, and the stars, and upon the earth distress of nations in perplexity-like the sea roaring-by reason of their expectation of the evils which are coming on the earth.

A commentator

Augustine of Hippo

LETTER 199 · Written before 430.

proposed

Anyone can see that he refers to that city when Christ says, "When you shall see Jerusalem surrounded by an army, then know that its desolation is near." Anyone can see that these words refer to the last coming of the Lord when he says, "When you shall see these things come to pass, know that the kingdom of God is near." When he says, "Alas for those who are with child and for those who give suck in those days! Pray that your flight may not be in winter or on a sabbath. For then there will be great tribulation, such as has not been from the beginning of the world until now, no, and never will be." This passage is phrased in this way in Matthew and Mark so that it is uncertain whether it is to be understood of the destruction of the city or of the end of the world.… Luke has so arranged it that it seems to refer to the destruction of that city.

A commentator

Cyril of Alexandria

COMMENTARY ON LUKE, HOMILY 139 · Written before 444.

proposed

To make his prediction even clearer and to mark more plainly the time of its capture, Jesus says, "When you have seen Jerusalem surrounded with armies, then know that its destruction is near." Afterwards, he again transfers his words from this subject to the time of the consummation. He says, "There will be signs in sun and moon and stars, and upon the earth distress of nations in perplexity at the roaring of the sea and the waves, men fainting with fear and with foreboding of what is coming on the world; for the powers of the heavens will be shaken." Since creation begins to be changed and brings unendurable terrors on the inhabitants of earth, there will be a certain fearful tribulation. There will also be souls departing to death. The unendurable fear of those things that are coming will be sufficient for the destruction of many.
8 more voices on this verse

The Medieval Church4 voices

A commentator

Bonaventure

Commentary on Luke, Chapter 21 · Written in the 13th century.

proposed

When you shall see surrounded by an army, etc. After he described what was to come in general, and also the persecutions of the Church itself, here he describes what is to come concerning the destruction of Jerusalem, by which is understood the tribulation that …

A commentator

Bede

Catena Aurea by Aquinas · Written before 735.

proposed

Hitherto our Lord had been speaking of those things which were to come to pass for forty years, the end not yet coming. He now describes the very end itself of the desolation, which was accomplished by the Roman army; as it is said, And when ye shall see Jerusalem compassed, &c.

A commentator

Bede

On the Gospel of Luke · Written before 735.

proposed

But when you shall see Jerusalem surrounded by an army, then know that her desolation is near. Thus far these things which were to be for forty years, with the end not yet coming; here the very end of the desolation, which was made by …

A commentator

Theophylact of Ohrid

Commentary on Luke · Written before 1107.

proposed

Now the Lord speaks most clearly about the captivity of Jerusalem. Therefore I think that the words "but before all these" (Lk. 21:12) should be understood thus: before the famine and pestilence, and the other calamities that will occur at the time of the end …

The Puritans and the Awakening2 voices

A commentator

Matthew Henry

1662–1714

Commentary on the Whole Bible (1710)

proposed

), the Roman armies; and, when they saw this, they might conclude that its desolation was nigh, for in this the siege would infallibly end, though it might be a long siege. Note, As in mercy, so in judgment, when God begins, he will make an end.

quarantine:debris (2026-07-29) — leading-punctuation+unbalanced-parens

And when ye shall see Jerusalem compassed with armies,....

The Nineteenth Century2 voices

The subject of the verses before us, is the capturing of the city of Jerusalem by the Romans. It was fit and right that this great event, which wound up the Old Testament dispensation — should be especially described by our Lord's mouth. It was fitting that the last days of that holy city, which had been the seat of God's presence for so many centuries — should receive a special notice in the greatest prophecy which was ever delivered to the Church. We should mark in this passage — our Lord Jesus Christ's perfect knowledge.
The subject of the verses before us, is the capturing of the city of Jerusalem by the Romans. It was fit and right that this great event, which wound up the Old Testament dispensation — should be especially described by our Lord's mouth. It was fitting that the last days of that holy city, which had been the seat of God's presence for so many centuries — should receive a special notice in the greatest prophecy which was ever delivered to the Church. We should mark in this passage — our Lord Jesus Christ's perfect knowledge. He gives us a fearful picture of the miseries which were coming on Jerusalem. Forty years before the armies of Titus encompassed the city — the dreadful circumstances which would attend the siege are minutely described. The distress of weak and helpless women — the slaughter of myriads of Jews — the final scattering of Israel in captivity among all nations — the treading down of the holy city by the Gentiles — are things which our Lord narrates with as much particularity as if He saw them with His own eyes! Foreknowledge like this is a special attribute of God. Of ourselves we "know not what a day may bring forth." (Proverbs 27:1.) To say what will happen to any city or kingdom in forty years from the present time — is far beyond the power of man. The words in Isaiah are very solemn, "I am God — and there is no other. I am God — "and there is none like Me. I make known the end from the beginning, from ancient times — what is still to come. My purpose will stand, and I will do all that I please." (Isaiah 46:9, 10.) He who could speak with authority of things to come, as our Lord did in this place — must have been true God as well as true man. The Christian should continually keep this perfect knowledge of Christ in mind.

The words behind it

14 Greek words

Every Greek word of this verse in the order it stands, with what it means and the door to its own study. The last column counts the times a word stands in the whole Bible: the rarer the word, the more the places it appears belong together.

A shaded row is a word that stands 400 times or fewer in the Bible.

The walk

8 stops

Each card is a verse this one points to, and under it the verses that one points to in turn. Where several paths arrive at the same place, that place is listed first: the text keeps returning to it.

  • Through

    Matthew 24:15

    So when you see standing in the holy place ‘the abomination of desolation,’ described by the prophet Daniel (let the reader understand),

    it leads to

    • Daniel 9:27

      And he will confirm a covenant with many for one week, but in the middle of the week he will put an end to sacrifice and offering. And on the wing of the temple…

      Reached by 2 separate paths from here.

    • Daniel 12:11

      And from the time the daily sacrifice is abolished and the abomination of desolation set up, there will be 1,290 days.

      Reached by 3 separate paths from here.

    • Mark 13:14

      So when you see the abomination of desolation standing where it should not be (let the reader understand), then let those who are in Judea flee to the mountains.

      Reached by 3 separate paths from here.

    • Daniel 11:31

      His forces will rise up and desecrate the temple fortress. They will abolish the daily sacrifice and set up the abomination of desolation.

      Reached by 2 separate paths from here.

    • Daniel 9:23

      At the beginning of your petitions, an answer went out, and I have come to tell you, for you are highly precious. So consider the message and understand the vision:

  • Through

    Luke 19:43

    For the days will come upon you when your enemies will barricade you and surround you and hem you in on every side.

    it leads to

    • Luke 21:20–24

      But when you see Jerusalem surrounded by armies, you will know that her desolation is near.

      Reached by 2 separate paths from here.

  • Through

    Daniel 9:27

    And he will confirm a covenant with many for one week, but in the middle of the week he will put an end to sacrifice and offering. And on the wing of the temple…

    it leads to

    • Matthew 24:15

      So when you see standing in the holy place ‘the abomination of desolation,’ described by the prophet Daniel (let the reader understand),

    • Daniel 11:36

      Then the king will do as he pleases and will exalt and magnify himself above every god, and he will speak monstrous things against the God of gods. He will be successful until the…

Where this verse is studied

On this page

About Luke

This page draws on 14 works. Open the list of works

This page draws on Adam Clarke, Commentary on the Bible; Ambrose of Milan, Catena Aurea by Aquinas; Augustine of Hippo, Catena Aurea by Aquinas; Augustine of Hippo, LETTER 199; Bede, Catena Aurea by Aquinas; Bede, On the Gospel of Luke; Bonaventure, Commentary on Luke, Chapter 21; Cyril of Alexandria, COMMENTARY ON LUKE, HOMILY 139; Eusebius of Caesarea, Catena Aurea by Aquinas; J.C. Ryle, Expository Thoughts on the Gospels: Luke (lightly modernized text, Grace Gems edition); John Gill, Exposition of the New Testament (1746-1748); Matthew Henry, Commentary on the Whole Bible; Tertullian, Against Marcion Book IV and Theophylact of Ohrid, Commentary on Luke.