Skip to content
mannafest.faith

Judges 4:4

in Judges 4

Now Deborah, a prophetess, the wife of Lappidoth, was judging Israel at that time.

BSB

The same verse in ASV and KJV ▾

ASV

Now Deborah, a prophetess, the wife of Lappidoth, she judged Israel at that time.

KJV

And Deborah, a prophetess, the wife of Lapidoth, she judged Israel at that time.

This verse in Judges 4

Commentary

10 notes on this verse

A commentator

Jerome

HOMILIES ON THE PSALMS 15 (Ps 82) · Written before 420.

Because these nations have come as enemies against your people, let us hear what judgment the psalmist calls down upon them. "Deal with them as with Midian; as with Sisera." You have read the book of Judges; this is that Midian whom Gideon defeated. "As with Sisera and Jabin." Jabin and Sisera are the foes whom Deborah and Barak conquered. "At the torrent Kishon, who perished at Endor." Deborah and Barak destroyed Sisera, the general of the army. So much for what Scripture says; learn now what it means.

This site's exposition

Now Deborah, a prophetess, the wife of Lappidoth

on Judges 4:4-5

Deborah is the second woman in Scripture called a prophetess, after Miriam at Exodus 15:20, and like Miriam she sings the victory that follows. She is the one judge shown doing what the word means, since "the Israelites would go up to her for judgment".

The record, by era

The Church Fathers2 voices

A commentator

John Chrysostom

HOMILIES ON THE GOSPEL OF JOHN 61 · Written before 407.

proposed

For nothing, nothing is more powerful than a pious and sensible woman to bring a man into proper order, and to mould his soul as she will. For he will not endure friends, or teachers, or rulers, as he will his partner advising and counseling him, since the advice carries even some pleasure with it, because she who gives the counsel is greatly loved. I could tell of many hard and disobedient men who have been softened in this way. For she who shares his table, his bed, and his embraces, his words and secrets, his comings in and goings out, and many other things, who is entirely given up and joined to him, as it is likely that a body would be joined to a head, if she happen to be discreet and well attuned, will go beyond and excel all others in the management of her husband. Wherefore I exhort women to make this their employment, and to give fitting counsel. For as they have great power for good, so have they also for evil. A woman destroyed Absalom, a woman destroyed Amnon, a woman was like to have destroyed Job, a woman rescued Nabal from the slaughter. Women have preserved whole nations; for Deborah and Judith exhibited successes worthy of men; so also do ten thousand other women. Wherefore Paul saith, "For what knowest thou, O wife, whether thou shall save thy husband?" And in those times we see Persis and Mary and Priscilla taking part in the labors of the Apostles; whom we also needs must imitate, and not by words only, but also by actions, bring into order him that dwelleth with us.

A commentator

Ambrose of Milan

Concerning Widows 8.43-46 · Written before 397.

proposed

And in order that it may not seem as if only one widow had fulfilled this inimitable work, it seems in no way doubtful that there were many others of equal or almost equal virtue, for good seed corn usually bears many ears filled with grains. Do not doubt, then, that that ancient seedtime was fruitful in the characters of many women. But as it would be tedious to include all, consider some, and especially Deborah, whose virtue Scripture records for us.For she showed not only that widows have no need of the help of a man, inasmuch as she, not at all restrained by the weakness of her sex, undertook to perform the duties of a man, and did even more than she had undertaken. And, at last, when the Jews were being ruled under the leadership of the judges, because they could not govern them with manly justice or defend them with manly strength, and so wars broke out on all sides, they chose Deborah, by whose judgment they might be ruled. And so one widow both ruled many thousands of men in peace and defended them from the enemy. There were many judges in Israel, but no woman before was a judge, as after Joshua there were many judges but none was a prophet. And I think that her judgeship has been narrated and her deeds described, that women should not be restrained from deeds of valor by the weakness of their sex. A widow, she governs the people; a widow, she leads armies; a widow, she chooses generals; a widow, she determines wars and orders triumphs. So, then, it is not nature which is answerable for the fault or which is liable to weakness. It is not sex but valor which makes strong.

The Puritans and the Awakening3 voices

A commentator

John Wesley

1703–1791

Explanatory Notes upon the Old Testament (1765)

proposed

And because we read nothing of Deborah's miraculous actions, perhaps she was only a woman of eminent holiness, and knowledge of the holy scriptures, by which she was singularly qualified for judging the people according to the laws of God. Judged Israel - That is, determined causes and controversies arising among the Israelites, as is implied, ver. 5.
And Deborah, a prophetess, the wife of Lapidoth,....

A commentator

Matthew Henry

1662–1714

Commentary on the Whole Bible (1710)

proposed

The project laid for their deliverance. When the children of Israel came to her for judgment, with her they found salvation. So those that seek to God for grace shall have grace and peace, grace and comfort, grace and glory.
3 more voices on this verse

The Nineteenth Century2 voices

A commentator

Adam Clarke

1762–1832

Commentary on the Bible · Written before 1832.

Deborah, a prophetess - One on whom the Spirit of God descended, and who was the instrument of conveying to the Israelites the knowledge of the Divine will, in things sacred and civil. She judged Israel - This is, I believe, the first instance of gynaecocrasy, or female government, on record. Deborah seems to have been supreme both in civil and religious affairs; and Lapidoth, her husband, appears to have had no hand in the government. But the original may as well be translated a woman of Lapidoth, as the wife of Lapidoth.
Deborah, a prophetess - Her name, meaning a bee, is the same as that of Rebekah’s nurse (marginal reference). The reason of her preeminence is added. She was “a woman, a prophetess,” like Miriam Exo 15:20; Huldah 2Ki 22:14, etc. In Jdg 4:6, Jdg 4:9,Jdg 4:14, we have examples of her prophetic powers, and in Judg. 5 a noble specimen of prophetic song. Though the other Judges are not called prophets, yet they all seem to have had direct communications from God, either of knowledge or power, or both (compare Jdg 3:10 note).

Modern Voices1 voice

A commentator

R. C. Sproul

1939–2017

Who Was Deborah?

proposed

Under the impetus of the Spirit of God, Deborah led the people to freedom.

The words behind it

11 Hebrew words

Every Hebrew word of this verse in the order it stands, with what it means and the door to its own study. The last column counts the times a word stands in the whole Bible: the rarer the word, the more the places it appears belong together.

  • וּדְבוֹרָה֙and Deborah

    udevorahH1683 →10 times

  • אִשָּׁ֣הa woman

    ʾishahH802 →781 times

  • נְבִיאָ֔הa prophetess

    neviahH5031 →

  • אֵ֖שֶׁת[the] wife of

    ʾeshetH802 →781 times

  • לַפִּיד֑וֹתLappidoth

    lapidotH3941 →

  • הִ֛יאshe

    hi'H1931 →1879 times

  • שֹׁפְטָ֥ה[was] judging

    shofetahH8199 →202 times

  • אֶת־<obj.>

    ʾet-H853 →10935 times

  • יִשְׂרָאֵ֖לIsrael

    yisraelH3478 →2507 times

  • בָּעֵ֥תat the time

    baetH6256 →296 times

  • הַהִֽיא׃<the> that

    hahi'H1931 →1879 times

A shaded row is a word that stands 400 times or fewer in the Bible.

The walk

8 stops

Each card is a verse this one points to, and under it the verses that one points to in turn. Where several paths arrive at the same place, that place is listed first: the text keeps returning to it.

  • Through

    Galatians 3:28

    There is neither Jew nor Greek, slave nor free, male nor female, for you are all one in Christ Jesus.

    it leads to

    • 1 Corinthians 12:12–13

      The body is a unit, though it is composed of many parts. And although its parts are many, they all form one body. So it is with Christ.

    • Colossians 3:11

      Here there is no Greek or Jew, circumcised or uncircumcised, barbarian, Scythian, slave, or free, but Christ is all and is in all.

    • Romans 3:29–30

      Is God the God of Jews only? Is He not the God of Gentiles too? Yes, of Gentiles too,

    • Galatians 5:6

      For in Christ Jesus neither circumcision nor uncircumcision has any value. All that matters is faith, expressed through love.

    • Romans 10:12–15

      For there is no difference between Jew and Greek: The same Lord is Lord of all, and gives richly to all who call on Him,

  • Through

    Exodus 15:20

    Then Miriam the prophetess, Aaron’s sister, took a tambourine in her hand, and all the women followed her with tambourines and dancing.

    it leads to

    • Psalms 150:4

      Praise Him with tambourine and dancing; praise Him with strings and flute.

    • 1 Samuel 18:6

      As the troops were returning home after David had killed the Philistine, the women came out of all the cities of Israel to meet King Saul with singing and dancing, with joyful songs, and…

  • Through

    Luke 2:36

    There was also a prophetess named Anna, the daughter of Phanuel, of the tribe of Asher, who was well along in years. She had been married for seven years,

    it leads to

    • Acts 21:9

      He had four unmarried daughters who prophesied.

      Reached by 2 separate paths from here.

Where this verse is studied

About Judges

Jael Kills Sisera — Gustave Doré, Doré's English Bible (1866), public domain
Jael Kills Sisera — Gustave Doré, Doré's English Bible (1866), public domain
This page draws on 10 works. Open the list of works

This page draws on Adam Clarke, Commentary on the Bible; Albert Barnes, Notes, Explanatory and Practical, on the Old and New Testaments (1832-1869); Ambrose of Milan, Concerning Widows 8.43-46; Jerome, HOMILIES ON THE PSALMS 15 (Ps 82); John Chrysostom, HOMILIES ON THE GOSPEL OF JOHN 61; John Gill, Exposition of the Old Testament (1748-1763); John Wesley, Explanatory Notes upon the Old Testament; Keil and Delitzsch, Biblical Commentary on the Old Testament: Joshua, Judges, Ruth; Matthew Henry, Commentary on the Whole Bible and R. C. Sproul, Who Was Deborah?.