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Exodus 18:1

in Exodus 18

Now Moses’ father-in-law Jethro, the priest of Midian, heard about all that God had done for Moses and His people Israel, and how the LORD had brought Israel out of Egypt.

BSB

The same verse in ASV and KJV

ASV

Now Jethro, the priest of Midian, Moses’ father-in-law, heard of all that God had done for Moses, and for Israel his people, how that Jehovah had brought Israel out of Egypt.

KJV

When Jethro, the priest of Midian, Moses’ father in law, heard of all that God had done for Moses, and for Israel his people, and that the Lord had brought Israel out of Egypt;

This verse in Exodus 18

Commentary

6 notes on this verse

A commentator

Adam Clarke

1762–1832

Commentary on the Bible · Written before 1832.

When Jethro, the priest of Midian, etc. - Concerning this person and his several names, See Clarke’s note on Exo 2:15, See Clarke’s note on Exo 2:16, See Clarke’s note on Exo 2:18, See Clarke’s note on Exo 3:1, See Clarke’s note on Exo 4:20, See Clarke’s note on Exo 4:24. Jethro was probably the son of Reuel, the father-in-law of Moses, and consequently the brother-in-law of Moses; for the word חתן chothen, which we translate father-in-law, in this chapter means simply a relative by marriage. See Clarke’s note on Exo 3:1.

This site's exposition

the priest of Midian

on Exodus 18:1-2

The news of the exodus travels outside Israel, and the first man on record to act on it is a priest of Midian. Chapter 17 closed with Amalek, a people at war with Israel from generation to generation, and chapter 18 opens with a foreigner setting out toward the God who did it. The narrator calls Jethro the father in law of Moses thirteen times in twenty seven verses, which keeps the family tie in front of the reader through every scene.

The record, by era

The Reformation1 voice

A commentator

John Calvin

1509–1564

Commentaries (1554)

proposed

First of all, the arrival of Jethro in the camp is related, and his congratulation of Moses on account of the prosperity of his enterprise, together with the praise and sacrifice rendered to God. Secondly, his proposed form of government for the people is set forth, in consequence of which judges and rulers were chosen, lest Moses should sink under his heavy task.

The Puritans and the Awakening2 voices

A commentator

Matthew Henry

1662–1714

Commentary on the Whole Bible (1710)

proposed

2 ), and to rejoice with them as one that had a true respect both for them and for their God. Though he, as a Midianite, was not to share with them in the promised land, yet he shared with them in the joy of their deliverance. We may thus make the comforts of others our own, by taking pleasure, as God does, in the prosperity of the righteous.

quarantine:debris (2026-07-29) — leading-citation-number+unbalanced-parens

When Jethro the priest of Midian, Moses's father-in-law,....

The Nineteenth Century1 voice

Jethro was, in all probability, the “brother-in-law” of Moses Exo 3:1. On the parting from Zipporah, see Exo 4:26.

How the passage was read

What the Jewish commentators add

Our Rabbis have already differed concerning this section. 1 Zebachim 116 a, and Mechilta in beginning of this Seder.
Ramban: Spain, 1194–1270 · Ramban on Exodus 18:1:1, via Sefaria, Commentary on the Torah by Ramban (Nachmanides). Translated and annotated by Charles B. Chavel. New York, Shilo Pub. House, 1971-1976

This section is reception history: how the passage was read and kept in the Jewish tradition. Where a reading parts from an essential of the Christian faith, the section says so at that point.

Texts and citation data: Sefaria; each excerpt follows its version’s licence. 3 further sources are cited on this chapter that carry no English text this site may quote or only restate the verse.

The words behind it

20 Hebrew words

Every Hebrew word of this verse in the order it stands, with what it means and the door to its own study. The last column counts the times a word stands in the whole Bible: the rarer the word, the more the places it appears belong together.

  • וַיִּשְׁמַ֞עand he heard

    vaiyishma'H80851159 times

  • יִתְר֨וֹJethro

    yitroH35039 times

  • כֹהֵ֤ן[the] priest of

    khohenH3548750 times

  • מִדְיָן֙Midian

    midyanH408059 times

  • חֹתֵ֣ן[the] father-in-law of

    chotenH285933 times

  • מֹשֶׁ֔הMoses

    moshehH4872765 times

  • אֵת֩<obj.>

    ʾetH85310935 times

  • כָּל־all

    kol-H36055413 times

  • אֲשֶׁ֨רthat

    ʾasherH8345497 times

  • עָשָׂ֤הhe had done

    ʾasahH62132628 times

  • אֱלֹהִים֙God

    ʾelohimH4302601 times

  • לְמֹשֶׁ֔הfor Moses

    lemoshehH4872765 times

  • וּלְיִשְׂרָאֵ֖לand for Israel

    uleyisraelH34782507 times

  • עַמּ֑וֹpeople his

    amoH59711873 times

  • כִּֽי־that

    ki-H35884482 times

  • הוֹצִ֧יאhe had brought out

    hotzi'H33181067 times

  • יְהוָ֛הYahweh

    yahwehH30686520 times

  • אֶת־<obj.>

    ʾet-H85310935 times

  • יִשְׂרָאֵ֖לIsrael

    yisraelH34782507 times

  • מִמִּצְרָֽיִם׃from Egypt

    mimitzrayimH4714641 times

A shaded row is a word that stands 400 times or fewer in the Bible.

The walk

8 stops

Each card is a verse this one points to, and under it the verses that one points to in turn. Where several paths arrive at the same place, that place is listed first: the text keeps returning to it.

  • Through

    Exodus 2:16

    Now the priest of Midian had seven daughters, and they came to draw water and fill the troughs to water their father’s flock.

    it leads to

    • Genesis 24:11

      As evening approached, he made the camels kneel down near the well outside the town at the time when the women went out to draw water.

    • Exodus 3:1

      Meanwhile, Moses was shepherding the flock of his father-in-law Jethro, the priest of Midian. He led the flock to the far side of the wilderness and came to Horeb, the mountain of God.

    • 1 Samuel 9:11

      And as they were climbing the hill to the city, they met some young women coming out to draw water and asked, “Is the seer here?”

    • Genesis 24:14–20

      Now may it happen that the girl to whom I say, ‘Please let down your jar that I may drink,’ and who responds, ‘Drink, and I will water your camels as well’—let her be…

  • Through

    Exodus 3:1

    Meanwhile, Moses was shepherding the flock of his father-in-law Jethro, the priest of Midian. He led the flock to the far side of the wilderness and came to Horeb, the mountain of God.

    it leads to

    • 1 Kings 19:8

      So he got up and ate and drank. And strengthened by that food, he walked forty days and forty nights until he reached Horeb, the mountain of God.

    • Exodus 17:6

      Behold, I will stand there before you by the rock at Horeb. And when you strike the rock, water will come out of it for the people to drink.” So Moses did this in…

    • Psalms 78:70–72

      He chose David His servant and took him from the sheepfolds;

    • Numbers 10:29

      Then Moses said to Hobab, the son of Moses’ father-in-law Reuel the Midianite, “We are setting out for the place of which the LORD said: ‘I will give it to you.’ Come with us,…

About Exodus

This page draws on Adam Clarke, Commentary on the Bible; Albert Barnes, Notes, Explanatory and Practical, on the Old and New Testaments (1832-1869); John Calvin, Commentaries; John Gill, Exposition of the Old Testament (1748-1763) and Matthew Henry, Commentary on the Whole Bible.