Exodus 18:1
in Exodus 18Now Moses’ father-in-law Jethro, the priest of Midian, heard about all that God had done for Moses and His people Israel, and how the LORD had brought Israel out of Egypt.
BSB
The same verse in ASV and KJV ▾
ASV
Now Jethro, the priest of Midian, Moses’ father-in-law, heard of all that God had done for Moses, and for Israel his people, how that Jehovah had brought Israel out of Egypt.
KJV
When Jethro, the priest of Midian, Moses’ father in law, heard of all that God had done for Moses, and for Israel his people, and that the Lord had brought Israel out of Egypt;
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This verse in Exodus 18
Commentary
6 notes on this verseWhen Jethro, the priest of Midian, etc. - Concerning this person and his several names, See Clarke’s note on Exo 2:15, See Clarke’s note on Exo 2:16, See Clarke’s note on Exo 2:18, See Clarke’s note on Exo 3:1, See Clarke’s note on Exo 4:20, See Clarke’s note on Exo 4:24. Jethro was probably the son of Reuel, the father-in-law of Moses, and consequently the brother-in-law of Moses; for the word חתן chothen, which we translate father-in-law, in this chapter means simply a relative by marriage. See Clarke’s note on Exo 3:1.
This site's exposition
the priest of Midian
on Exodus 18:1-2
The news of the exodus travels outside Israel, and the first man on record to act on it is a priest of Midian. Chapter 17 closed with Amalek, a people at war with Israel from generation to generation, and chapter 18 opens with a foreigner setting out toward the God who did it. The narrator calls Jethro the father in law of Moses thirteen times in twenty seven verses, which keeps the family tie in front of the reader through every scene.
The record, by era
The Reformation1 voice
First of all, the arrival of Jethro in the camp is related, and his congratulation of Moses on account of the prosperity of his enterprise, together with the praise and sacrifice rendered to God. Secondly, his proposed form of government for the people is set forth, in consequence of which judges and rulers were chosen, lest Moses should sink under his heavy task.
The Puritans and the Awakening2 voices
2 ), and to rejoice with them as one that had a true respect both for them and for their God. Though he, as a Midianite, was not to share with them in the promised land, yet he shared with them in the joy of their deliverance. We may thus make the comforts of others our own, by taking pleasure, as God does, in the prosperity of the righteous.
quarantine:debris (2026-07-29) — leading-citation-number+unbalanced-parens
When Jethro the priest of Midian, Moses's father-in-law,....
The Nineteenth Century1 voice
A commentator
Albert Barnes1798–1870
Notes, Explanatory and Practical, on the Old and New Testaments (1832-1869)
proposed
Jethro was, in all probability, the “brother-in-law” of Moses Exo 3:1. On the parting from Zipporah, see Exo 4:26.
How the passage was read
What the Jewish commentators add
Our Rabbis have already differed concerning this section. 1 Zebachim 116 a, and Mechilta in beginning of this Seder.
This section is reception history: how the passage was read and kept in the Jewish tradition. Where a reading parts from an essential of the Christian faith, the section says so at that point.
Texts and citation data: Sefaria; each excerpt follows its version’s licence. 3 further sources are cited on this chapter that carry no English text this site may quote or only restate the verse.
The words behind it
20 Hebrew wordsEvery Hebrew word of this verse in the order it stands, with what it means and the door to its own study. The last column counts the times a word stands in the whole Bible: the rarer the word, the more the places it appears belong together.
| Hebrew | Sound | Meaning | Word study | In the Bible |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| וַיִּשְׁמַ֞ע | vaiyishma' | and he heard | H8085 → | 1159 times |
| יִתְר֨וֹ | yitro | Jethro | H3503 → | 9 times |
| כֹהֵ֤ן | khohen | [the] priest of | H3548 → | 750 times |
| מִדְיָן֙ | midyan | Midian | H4080 → | 59 times |
| חֹתֵ֣ן | choten | [the] father-in-law of | H2859 → | 33 times |
| מֹשֶׁ֔ה | mosheh | Moses | H4872 → | 765 times |
| אֵת֩ | ʾet | <obj.> | H853 → | 10935 times |
| כָּל־ | kol- | all | H3605 → | 5413 times |
| אֲשֶׁ֨ר | ʾasher | that | H834 → | 5497 times |
| עָשָׂ֤ה | ʾasah | he had done | H6213 → | 2628 times |
| אֱלֹהִים֙ | ʾelohim | God | H430 → | 2601 times |
| לְמֹשֶׁ֔ה | lemosheh | for Moses | H4872 → | 765 times |
| וּלְיִשְׂרָאֵ֖ל | uleyisrael | and for Israel | H3478 → | 2507 times |
| עַמּ֑וֹ | amo | people his | H5971 → | 1873 times |
| כִּֽי־ | ki- | that | H3588 → | 4482 times |
| הוֹצִ֧יא | hotzi' | he had brought out | H3318 → | 1067 times |
| יְהוָ֛ה | yahweh | Yahweh | H3068 → | 6520 times |
| אֶת־ | ʾet- | <obj.> | H853 → | 10935 times |
| יִשְׂרָאֵ֖ל | yisrael | Israel | H3478 → | 2507 times |
| מִמִּצְרָֽיִם׃ | mimitzrayim | from Egypt | H4714 → | 641 times |
וַיִּשְׁמַ֞עand he heard
vaiyishma'H8085 →1159 times
יִתְר֨וֹJethro
yitroH3503 →9 times
כֹהֵ֤ן[the] priest of
khohenH3548 →750 times
מִדְיָן֙Midian
midyanH4080 →59 times
חֹתֵ֣ן[the] father-in-law of
chotenH2859 →33 times
מֹשֶׁ֔הMoses
moshehH4872 →765 times
אֵת֩<obj.>
ʾetH853 →10935 times
כָּל־all
kol-H3605 →5413 times
אֲשֶׁ֨רthat
ʾasherH834 →5497 times
עָשָׂ֤הhe had done
ʾasahH6213 →2628 times
אֱלֹהִים֙God
ʾelohimH430 →2601 times
לְמֹשֶׁ֔הfor Moses
lemoshehH4872 →765 times
וּלְיִשְׂרָאֵ֖לand for Israel
uleyisraelH3478 →2507 times
עַמּ֑וֹpeople his
amoH5971 →1873 times
כִּֽי־that
ki-H3588 →4482 times
הוֹצִ֧יאhe had brought out
hotzi'H3318 →1067 times
יְהוָ֛הYahweh
yahwehH3068 →6520 times
אֶת־<obj.>
ʾet-H853 →10935 times
יִשְׂרָאֵ֖לIsrael
yisraelH3478 →2507 times
מִמִּצְרָֽיִם׃from Egypt
mimitzrayimH4714 →641 times
A shaded row is a word that stands 400 times or fewer in the Bible.
The walk
8 stopsEach card is a verse this one points to, and under it the verses that one points to in turn. Where several paths arrive at the same place, that place is listed first: the text keeps returning to it.
Through
Exodus 2:16Now the priest of Midian had seven daughters, and they came to draw water and fill the troughs to water their father’s flock.
it leads to
- Genesis 24:11
As evening approached, he made the camels kneel down near the well outside the town at the time when the women went out to draw water.
- Exodus 3:1
Meanwhile, Moses was shepherding the flock of his father-in-law Jethro, the priest of Midian. He led the flock to the far side of the wilderness and came to Horeb, the mountain of God.
- 1 Samuel 9:11
And as they were climbing the hill to the city, they met some young women coming out to draw water and asked, “Is the seer here?”
- Genesis 24:14–20
Now may it happen that the girl to whom I say, ‘Please let down your jar that I may drink,’ and who responds, ‘Drink, and I will water your camels as well’—let her be…
- Genesis 24:11
Through
Exodus 3:1Meanwhile, Moses was shepherding the flock of his father-in-law Jethro, the priest of Midian. He led the flock to the far side of the wilderness and came to Horeb, the mountain of God.
it leads to
- 1 Kings 19:8
So he got up and ate and drank. And strengthened by that food, he walked forty days and forty nights until he reached Horeb, the mountain of God.
- Exodus 17:6
Behold, I will stand there before you by the rock at Horeb. And when you strike the rock, water will come out of it for the people to drink.” So Moses did this in…
- Psalms 78:70–72
He chose David His servant and took him from the sheepfolds;
- Numbers 10:29
Then Moses said to Hobab, the son of Moses’ father-in-law Reuel the Midianite, “We are setting out for the place of which the LORD said: ‘I will give it to you.’ Come with us,…
- 1 Kings 19:8
About Exodus

Who and where
2 names in this verse with a page on the site.
This page draws on Adam Clarke, Commentary on the Bible; Albert Barnes, Notes, Explanatory and Practical, on the Old and New Testaments (1832-1869); John Calvin, Commentaries; John Gill, Exposition of the Old Testament (1748-1763) and Matthew Henry, Commentary on the Whole Bible.
