1 Samuel 20:34
in 1 Samuel 20Jonathan got up from the table in fierce anger and did not eat any food that second day of the month, for he was grieved by his father’s shameful treatment of David.
BSB
The same verse in ASV and KJV ▾
ASV
So Jonathan arose from the table in fierce anger, and did eat no food the second day of the month; for he was grieved for David, because his father had done him shame.
KJV
So Jonathan arose from the table in fierce anger, and did eat no meat the second day of the month: for he was grieved for David, because his father had done him shame.
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This verse in 1 Samuel 20
Commentary
9 notes on this verseJonathan arose - in fierce anger - We should probably understand this rather of Jonathan’s grief than of his anger, the latter clause explaining the former: for he was grieved for David. He was grieved for his father - he was grieved for his friend.
This site's exposition
What has he done
on 1 Samuel 20:32-34
Jonathan asks what David has done and gets no answer in words. Saul hurls his spear at his own son, the weapon already thrown at David at 18:11 and 19:10, so the spear meant for one target reaches the other. Jonathan leaves the table "in fierce anger," and the text says he was "grieved by his father’s shameful treatment of David," not by the blow he avoided.
This site's exposition
Jonathan got up from the table in fierce anger
Jamieson, Fausset and Brown trace part of the anger to the insult against Jonathan's mother in verse 30. Matthew Henry adds that a man in mourning could not eat the holy food of a feast, and Jonathan leaves the second day's meal untouched. His fast marks grief at the king's own table.
The record, by era
The Church Fathers3 voices
Who would not have loved him [David], when they saw how dear he was to his friends? For as he truly loved his friends, so he thought that he was loved as much in return by his own friends. No, parents put him even before their own children, and children loved him more than their parents. Therefore Saul was very angry and strove to strike Jonathan his son with a spear because he thought that David's friendship held a higher place in his esteem than either filial piety or a father's authority.
For that commendable friendship which maintains virtue is to be preferred most certainly to wealth or honors or power. It is not apt to be preferred to virtue indeed, but to follow after it. So it was with Jonathan, who for his affection's sake avoided neither his father's displeasure nor the danger to his own safety.
For love "doth nothing unseemly," but as it were with certain golden wings covereth up all the offences of the beloved. Jonathan loved David; and hearing his father say, "Thou son of damsels that have run away from their homes, thou womanly bred," he was not ashamed, though the words be full of great reproach. For what he means is this: "Thou son of mean harlots who are mad after men, who run after the passers-by, thou unnerved and effeminate wretch, who hast nothing of a man, but livest to the shame of thyself and the mother who bare thee." What then? Did he grieve at these things, and hide his face, and turn away from his beloved? Nay, quite the contrary; he displayed his fondness as an ornament. And yet the one was at that time a king, and a king's son, even Jonathan; the other a fugitive and a wanderer, I mean, David. But not even thus was he ashamed of his friendship. "For love doth not behave itself unseemly." Yea, this is its wonderful quality that not only it suffers not the injured to grieve and feel galled, but even disposes him to rejoice. Accordingly, he too, of whom we are speaking, after all these things, just as though he had a crown put on him, went away and fell on David's neck. For love knows not what sort of thing shame may be. Therefore it glories in those things for which another hides his face. Since the shame is, not to know how to love; not, when thou lovest, to incur danger and endure all for the beloved.
The Medieval Church1 voice
Therefore Jonathan rose from the table in a fit of anger, etc. When persecution arose because of the word, the apostles and the foremost teachers of the Church gradually withdrew from the very custom of Judaizing, which they had maintained for some time to avoid …
The Puritans and the Awakening1 voice
), and troubled for himself too, because his father had done him shame, and, though most unjustly, yet he must submit to it. One would pity Jonathan to see how he was put, 1.
quarantine:debris (2026-07-29) — leading-punctuation+unbalanced-parens
1 more voice on this verse
The Puritans and the Awakening1 voice
So Jonathan arose from the table in fierce anger,....
The words behind it
19 Hebrew wordsEvery Hebrew word of this verse in the order it stands, with what it means and the door to its own study. The last column counts the times a word stands in the whole Bible: the rarer the word, the more the places it appears belong together.
| Hebrew | Sound | Meaning | Word study | In the Bible |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| וַיָּ֧קָם | vaiyakom | and he arose | H6965 → | 628 times |
| יְהוֹנָתָ֛ן | yehonatan | Jonathan | H3083 → | 81 times |
| מֵעִ֥ם | meim | from with | H5973 → | 1050 times |
| הַשֻּׁלְחָ֖ן | hashulchan | the table | H7979 → | |
| בָּחֳרִי־ | bochori- | in [the] heat of | H2750 → | |
| אָ֑ף | ʾaf | anger | H639 → | 276 times |
| וְלֹא־ | velo'- | and not | H3808 → | 5168 times |
| אָכַ֞ל | ʾakhal | he ate | H398 → | 810 times |
| בְּיוֹם־ | beyom- | on [the] day of | H3117 → | 2304 times |
| הַחֹ֤דֶשׁ | hachodesh | the new moon | H2320 → | 284 times |
| הַשֵּׁנִי֙ | hasheni | <the> second | H8145 → | 156 times |
| לֶ֔חֶם | lechem | food | H3899 → | 298 times |
| כִּ֤י | ki | for | H3588 → | 4482 times |
| נֶעְצַב֙ | ne'tzav | he was grieved | H6087 → | |
| אֶל־ | ʾel- | concerning | H413 → | 5510 times |
| דָּוִ֔ד | david | David | H1732 → | 999 times |
| כִּ֥י | ki | for | H3588 → | 4482 times |
| הִכְלִמ֖וֹ | hikhlimo | he had put to shame him | H3637 → | 38 times |
| אָבִֽיו׃ ס | ʾaviv | father his | H1 → | 1212 times |
וַיָּ֧קָםand he arose
vaiyakomH6965 →628 times
יְהוֹנָתָ֛ןJonathan
yehonatanH3083 →81 times
מֵעִ֥םfrom with
meimH5973 →1050 times
הַשֻּׁלְחָ֖ןthe table
hashulchanH7979 →
בָּחֳרִי־in [the] heat of
bochori-H2750 →
אָ֑ףanger
ʾafH639 →276 times
וְלֹא־and not
velo'-H3808 →5168 times
אָכַ֞לhe ate
ʾakhalH398 →810 times
בְּיוֹם־on [the] day of
beyom-H3117 →2304 times
הַחֹ֤דֶשׁthe new moon
hachodeshH2320 →284 times
הַשֵּׁנִי֙<the> second
hasheniH8145 →156 times
לֶ֔חֶםfood
lechemH3899 →298 times
כִּ֤יfor
kiH3588 →4482 times
נֶעְצַב֙he was grieved
ne'tzavH6087 →
אֶל־concerning
ʾel-H413 →5510 times
דָּוִ֔דDavid
davidH1732 →999 times
כִּ֥יfor
kiH3588 →4482 times
הִכְלִמ֖וֹhe had put to shame him
hikhlimoH3637 →38 times
אָבִֽיו׃ סfather his
ʾavivH1 →1212 times
A shaded row is a word that stands 400 times or fewer in the Bible.
The walk
8 stopsEach card is a verse this one points to, and under it the verses that one points to in turn. Where several paths arrive at the same place, that place is listed first: the text keeps returning to it.
Through
Ephesians 4:26“Be angry, yet do not sin.” Do not let the sun set upon your anger,
it leads to
- James 1:19
My beloved brothers, understand this: Everyone should be quick to listen, slow to speak, and slow to anger,
- Psalms 4:4
Be angry, yet do not sin; on your bed, search your heart and be still. Selah
- Psalms 37:8
Refrain from anger and abandon wrath; do not fret—it can only bring harm.
- Ephesians 4:31–32
Get rid of all bitterness, rage and anger, outcry and slander, along with every form of malice.
- Ecclesiastes 7:9
Do not be quickly provoked in your spirit, for anger settles in the lap of a fool.
- James 1:19
Through
Ecclesiastes 7:20Surely there is no righteous man on earth who does good and never sins.
it leads to
- Romans 3:23
for all have sinned and fall short of the glory of God,
- Isaiah 53:6
We all like sheep have gone astray, each one has turned to his own way; and the LORD has laid upon Him the iniquity of us all.
- 1 John 1:8–10
If we say we have no sin, we deceive ourselves, and the truth is not in us.
- Romans 3:23
Where this verse is studied
On this page
About 1 Samuel

Who and where
2 names in this verse with a page on the site.
- PersonUnited MonarchyDavidSecond king of united Israel, shepherd-turned-monarch, ancestor of the Messiah, and traditional author of many Psalms.
- PersonEarly monarchyJonathanSon of King Saul who climbed a cliff to rout a garrison on the conviction that nothing restrains Jehovah; cut a covenant of steadf…
This page draws on 9 works. Open the list of works
This page draws on Adam Clarke, Commentary on the Bible; Ambrose of Milan, On the Duties of the Clergy 2.7.36; Ambrose of Milan, On the Duties of the Clergy 3.21.124; Bede, Commentary on Samuel; Jamieson, Fausset & Brown, Commentary Critical and Explanatory on the Whole Bible; John Chrysostom, HOMILIES ON 1 CORINTHIANS 33.2; John Gill, Exposition of the Old Testament; John Gill, Exposition of the Old Testament (1748-1763) and Matthew Henry, Commentary on the Whole Bible.
