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1 Samuel 20:34

in 1 Samuel 20

Jonathan got up from the table in fierce anger and did not eat any food that second day of the month, for he was grieved by his father’s shameful treatment of David.

BSB

The same verse in ASV and KJV ▾

ASV

So Jonathan arose from the table in fierce anger, and did eat no food the second day of the month; for he was grieved for David, because his father had done him shame.

KJV

So Jonathan arose from the table in fierce anger, and did eat no meat the second day of the month: for he was grieved for David, because his father had done him shame.

This verse in 1 Samuel 20

Commentary

9 notes on this verse

A commentator

Adam Clarke

1762–1832

Commentary on the Bible · Written before 1832.

Jonathan arose - in fierce anger - We should probably understand this rather of Jonathan’s grief than of his anger, the latter clause explaining the former: for he was grieved for David. He was grieved for his father - he was grieved for his friend.

This site's exposition

What has he done

on 1 Samuel 20:32-34

Jonathan asks what David has done and gets no answer in words. Saul hurls his spear at his own son, the weapon already thrown at David at 18:11 and 19:10, so the spear meant for one target reaches the other. Jonathan leaves the table "in fierce anger," and the text says he was "grieved by his father’s shameful treatment of David," not by the blow he avoided.

This site's exposition

Jonathan got up from the table in fierce anger

Jamieson, Fausset and Brown trace part of the anger to the insult against Jonathan's mother in verse 30. Matthew Henry adds that a man in mourning could not eat the holy food of a feast, and Jonathan leaves the second day's meal untouched. His fast marks grief at the king's own table.

The record, by era

The Church Fathers3 voices

A commentator

Ambrose of Milan

On the Duties of the Clergy 2.7.36 · Written before 397.

proposed

Who would not have loved him [David], when they saw how dear he was to his friends? For as he truly loved his friends, so he thought that he was loved as much in return by his own friends. No, parents put him even before their own children, and children loved him more than their parents. Therefore Saul was very angry and strove to strike Jonathan his son with a spear because he thought that David's friendship held a higher place in his esteem than either filial piety or a father's authority.

A commentator

Ambrose of Milan

On the Duties of the Clergy 3.21.124 · Written before 397.

proposed

For that commendable friendship which maintains virtue is to be preferred most certainly to wealth or honors or power. It is not apt to be preferred to virtue indeed, but to follow after it. So it was with Jonathan, who for his affection's sake avoided neither his father's displeasure nor the danger to his own safety.

A commentator

John Chrysostom

HOMILIES ON 1 CORINTHIANS 33.2 · Written in the 5th century.

proposed

For love "doth nothing unseemly," but as it were with certain golden wings covereth up all the offences of the beloved. Jonathan loved David; and hearing his father say, "Thou son of damsels that have run away from their homes, thou womanly bred," he was not ashamed, though the words be full of great reproach. For what he means is this: "Thou son of mean harlots who are mad after men, who run after the passers-by, thou unnerved and effeminate wretch, who hast nothing of a man, but livest to the shame of thyself and the mother who bare thee." What then? Did he grieve at these things, and hide his face, and turn away from his beloved? Nay, quite the contrary; he displayed his fondness as an ornament. And yet the one was at that time a king, and a king's son, even Jonathan; the other a fugitive and a wanderer, I mean, David. But not even thus was he ashamed of his friendship. "For love doth not behave itself unseemly." Yea, this is its wonderful quality that not only it suffers not the injured to grieve and feel galled, but even disposes him to rejoice. Accordingly, he too, of whom we are speaking, after all these things, just as though he had a crown put on him, went away and fell on David's neck. For love knows not what sort of thing shame may be. Therefore it glories in those things for which another hides his face. Since the shame is, not to know how to love; not, when thou lovest, to incur danger and endure all for the beloved.

The Medieval Church1 voice

A commentator

Bede

Commentary on Samuel · Written before 735.

proposed

Therefore Jonathan rose from the table in a fit of anger, etc. When persecution arose because of the word, the apostles and the foremost teachers of the Church gradually withdrew from the very custom of Judaizing, which they had maintained for some time to avoid …

The Puritans and the Awakening1 voice

A commentator

Matthew Henry

1662–1714

Commentary on the Whole Bible (1710)

proposed

), and troubled for himself too, because his father had done him shame, and, though most unjustly, yet he must submit to it. One would pity Jonathan to see how he was put, 1.

quarantine:debris (2026-07-29) — leading-punctuation+unbalanced-parens

1 more voice on this verse

The Puritans and the Awakening1 voice

So Jonathan arose from the table in fierce anger,....

The words behind it

19 Hebrew words

Every Hebrew word of this verse in the order it stands, with what it means and the door to its own study. The last column counts the times a word stands in the whole Bible: the rarer the word, the more the places it appears belong together.

  • וַיָּ֧קָםand he arose

    vaiyakomH6965 →628 times

  • יְהוֹנָתָ֛ןJonathan

    yehonatanH3083 →81 times

  • מֵעִ֥םfrom with

    meimH5973 →1050 times

  • הַשֻּׁלְחָ֖ןthe table

    hashulchanH7979 →

  • בָּחֳרִי־in [the] heat of

    bochori-H2750 →

  • אָ֑ףanger

    ʾafH639 →276 times

  • וְלֹא־and not

    velo'-H3808 →5168 times

  • אָכַ֞לhe ate

    ʾakhalH398 →810 times

  • בְּיוֹם־on [the] day of

    beyom-H3117 →2304 times

  • הַחֹ֤דֶשׁthe new moon

    hachodeshH2320 →284 times

  • הַשֵּׁנִי֙<the> second

    hasheniH8145 →156 times

  • לֶ֔חֶםfood

    lechemH3899 →298 times

  • כִּ֤יfor

    kiH3588 →4482 times

  • נֶעְצַב֙he was grieved

    ne'tzavH6087 →

  • אֶל־concerning

    ʾel-H413 →5510 times

  • דָּוִ֔דDavid

    davidH1732 →999 times

  • כִּ֥יfor

    kiH3588 →4482 times

  • הִכְלִמ֖וֹhe had put to shame him

    hikhlimoH3637 →38 times

  • אָבִֽיו׃ סfather his

    ʾavivH1 →1212 times

A shaded row is a word that stands 400 times or fewer in the Bible.

The walk

8 stops

Each card is a verse this one points to, and under it the verses that one points to in turn. Where several paths arrive at the same place, that place is listed first: the text keeps returning to it.

  • Through

    Ephesians 4:26

    “Be angry, yet do not sin.” Do not let the sun set upon your anger,

    it leads to

    • James 1:19

      My beloved brothers, understand this: Everyone should be quick to listen, slow to speak, and slow to anger,

    • Psalms 4:4

      Be angry, yet do not sin; on your bed, search your heart and be still. Selah

    • Psalms 37:8

      Refrain from anger and abandon wrath; do not fret—it can only bring harm.

    • Ephesians 4:31–32

      Get rid of all bitterness, rage and anger, outcry and slander, along with every form of malice.

    • Ecclesiastes 7:9

      Do not be quickly provoked in your spirit, for anger settles in the lap of a fool.

  • Through

    Ecclesiastes 7:20

    Surely there is no righteous man on earth who does good and never sins.

    it leads to

    • Romans 3:23

      for all have sinned and fall short of the glory of God,

    • Isaiah 53:6

      We all like sheep have gone astray, each one has turned to his own way; and the LORD has laid upon Him the iniquity of us all.

    • 1 John 1:8–10

      If we say we have no sin, we deceive ourselves, and the truth is not in us.

Where this verse is studied

About 1 Samuel

This page draws on 9 works. Open the list of works

This page draws on Adam Clarke, Commentary on the Bible; Ambrose of Milan, On the Duties of the Clergy 2.7.36; Ambrose of Milan, On the Duties of the Clergy 3.21.124; Bede, Commentary on Samuel; Jamieson, Fausset & Brown, Commentary Critical and Explanatory on the Whole Bible; John Chrysostom, HOMILIES ON 1 CORINTHIANS 33.2; John Gill, Exposition of the Old Testament; John Gill, Exposition of the Old Testament (1748-1763) and Matthew Henry, Commentary on the Whole Bible.