1 Samuelchapter 16
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Original Language
1 Samuel 16— Hebrew word study · with the Hebrew tradition
How to read a word below: the Hebrewword, then how it sounds, then what it means, then its number in Strong’s concordance, a widely used lookup this site follows (H for Hebrew and Aramaic, G for Greek). Square brackets hold a word the English supplies that the Hebrew does not, angle brackets mark the Hebrew’s own grammatical elements that English renders as separate words, and the mark ס or פ is where the Hebrew manuscripts end a paragraph.
Jehovah looketh on the heart: the youngest is anointed1
1 Samuel 16:1· Hebrew and glosses: STEP Bible
וַיֹּ֨אמֶרvaiyomerand he saidH559יְהוָ֜הyahwehYahwehH3068אֶל־ʾel-toH413שְׁמוּאֵ֗לshemuelSamuelH8050עַד־ʾad-untilH5704מָתַי֙mataiwhen?H4970אַתָּה֙ʾatah[are] youH859מִתְאַבֵּ֣לmitabelmourningH56אֶל־ʾel-toH413שָׁא֔וּלshaulSaulH7586וַאֲנִ֣יvaaniand IH589מְאַסְתִּ֔יוmeastivI have rejected himH3988מִמְּלֹ֖ךְmimelokhfrom reigningH4427עַל־ʾal-overH5921יִשְׂרָאֵ֑לyisraelIsraelH3478מַלֵּ֨אmale'fillH4390קַרְנְךָ֜karnechahorn yourH7161שֶׁ֗מֶןshemenoilH8081וְלֵ֤ךְvelekhand goH1980אֶֽשְׁלָחֲךָ֙ʾeshlachakhaI will send youH7971אֶל־ʾel-toH413יִשַׁ֣יyishaiJesseH3448בֵּֽית־beit-[the] Beth-H1022הַלַּחְמִ֔יhalachmi<the> -lehemiteH1022כִּֽי־ki-forH3588רָאִ֧יתִיraitiI have seenH7200בְּבָנָ֛יוbevanavamong sons hisH1121לִ֖יlifor <the> myselfמֶֽלֶךְ׃melekha kingH4428
Rashi on I Samuel 16:1
The Beis Lechemite. From Beis Lechem. The rule of every noun composed of two words, e.g., Beis Lechem, Beis Shemesh, Beis Eil, Kiryas Arba, if one wishes to add a ' ה ' he adds it between the two words, e.g., Kiryas Ha'arba, 1 Bereishis:27.
Read it in full at Sefaria · The Metsudah Tanach series, Lakewood, N.J
1 Samuel 16:2· Hebrew and glosses: STEP Bible
וַיֹּ֤אמֶרvaiyomerand he saidH559שְׁמוּאֵל֙shemuelSamuelH8050אֵ֣יךְʾeikhhow?H349אֵלֵ֔ךְʾelekhwill I goH1980וְשָׁמַ֥עveshama'and he will hearH8085שָׁא֖וּלshaulSaulH7586וַהֲרָגָ֑נִי סvaharaganiand he will kill meH2026וַיֹּ֣אמֶרvaiyomerand he saidH559יְהוָ֗הyahwehYahwehH3068עֶגְלַ֤תʾeglata heifer ofH5697בָּקָר֙bakarcattleH1241תִּקַּ֣חtikachyou will takeH3947בְּיָדֶ֔ךָbeyadekhain hand yourH3027וְאָ֣מַרְתָּ֔veamartaand you will sayH559לִזְבֹּ֥חַlizboachto sacrificeH2076לַֽיהוָ֖הlayahwehto YahwehH3068בָּֽאתִי׃batiI have comeH935
1 Samuel 16:3· Hebrew and glosses: STEP Bible
וְקָרָ֥אתָvekarataand you will inviteH7121לְיִשַׁ֖יleyishai<to> JesseH3448בַּזָּ֑בַחbazavachat the sacrificeH2077וְאָֽנֹכִ֗יveanokhiand IH595אוֹדִֽיעֲךָ֙ʾodiakhaI will make known to youH3045אֵ֣תʾet<obj.>H853אֲשֶֽׁר־ʾasher-[that] whichH834תַּעֲשֶׂ֔הtaasehyou will doH6213וּמָשַׁחְתָּ֣umashachtaand you will anointH4886לִ֔יlifor <the> meאֵ֥תʾet<obj.>H853אֲשֶׁר־ʾasher-[the one] whomH834אֹמַ֖רʾomarI will sayH559אֵלֶֽיךָ׃ʾeleikhato youH413
1 Samuel 16:4· Hebrew and glosses: STEP Bible
וַיַּ֣עַשׂvaiyaasand he didH6213שְׁמוּאֵ֗לshemuelSamuelH8050אֵ֚תʾet<obj.>H853אֲשֶׁ֣רʾasher[that] whichH834דִּבֶּ֣רdiberhe saidH1696יְהוָ֔הyahwehYahwehH3068וַיָּבֹ֖אvaiyavo'and he cameH935בֵּ֣יתbeitBeth-H1035לָ֑חֶםlachem-lehemH1035וַיֶּחֶרְד֞וּvaiyecherduand they trembledH2729זִקְנֵ֤יziknei[the] elders ofH2205הָעִיר֙hairthe cityH5892לִקְרָאת֔וֹlikratoto meet himH7122וַיֹּ֖אמֶרvaiyomerand someone saidH559שָׁלֹ֥םshalom[in] peaceH7965בּוֹאֶֽךָ׃boekha[are] coming? youH935
1 Samuel 16:5· Hebrew and glosses: STEP Bible
וַיֹּ֣אמֶר׀vaiyomerand he saidH559שָׁל֗וֹםshalompeaceH7965לִזְבֹּ֤חַlizboachto sacrificeH2076לַֽיהוָה֙layahwehto YahwehH3068בָּ֔אתִיbatiI have comeH935הִֽתְקַדְּשׁ֔וּhitkadeshuconsecrate yourselvesH6942וּבָאתֶ֥םuvatemand you will comeH935אִתִּ֖יʾitiwith meH854בַּזָּ֑בַחbazavachat the sacrificeH2077וַיְקַדֵּ֤שׁvaykadeshand he consecratedH6942אֶת־ʾet-<obj.>H853יִשַׁי֙yishaiJesseH3448וְאֶת־veetand <obj.>H853בָּנָ֔יוbanavsons hisH1121וַיִּקְרָ֥אvaiyikra'and he invitedH7121לָהֶ֖םlahem<to> <the> themלַזָּֽבַח׃lazavachto the sacrificeH2077
1 Samuel 16:6· Hebrew and glosses: STEP Bible
1 Samuel 16:7· Hebrew and glosses: STEP Bible
וַיֹּ֨אמֶרvaiyomerand he saidH559יְהוָ֜הyahwehYahwehH3068אֶל־ʾel-toH413שְׁמוּאֵ֗לshemuelSamuelH8050אַל־ʾal-may notH408תַּבֵּ֧טtabetyou lookH5027אֶל־ʾel-toH413מַרְאֵ֛הוּmarehuappearance hisH4758וְאֶל־veel-and toH413גְּבֹ֥הַּgevoah[the] height ofH1364קוֹמָת֖וֹkomatostature hisH6967כִּ֣יkiforH3588מְאַסְתִּ֑יהוּmeastihuI have rejected himH3988כִּ֣י׀kiforH3588לֹ֗אlo'notH3808אֲשֶׁ֤רʾasher[that] whichH834יִרְאֶה֙yirehhe seesH7200הָאָדָ֔םhaadam<the> manH120כִּ֤יkiforH3588הָֽאָדָם֙haadam<the> manH120יִרְאֶ֣הyirehhe seesH7200לַעֵינַ֔יִםlaeinayimto the eyesH5869וַיהוָ֖הvayahwehand YahwehH3068יִרְאֶ֥הyirehhe seesH7200לַלֵּבָֽב׃lalevavto the heartH3824
1 Samuel 16:8· Hebrew and glosses: STEP Bible
וַיִּקְרָ֤אvaiyikra'and he calledH7121יִשַׁי֙yishaiJesseH3448אֶל־ʾel-toH413אֲבִ֣ינָדָ֔בʾavinadavAbinadabH41וַיַּעֲבִרֵ֖הוּvaiyaavirehuand he made pass by himH5674לִפְנֵ֣יlifnei<to> beforeH6440שְׁמוּאֵ֑לshemuelSamuelH8050וַיֹּ֕אמֶרvaiyomerand he saidH559גַּם־gam-alsoH1571בָּזֶ֖הbazeh<in> this oneH2088לֹֽא־lo'-notH3808בָחַ֥רvacharhe has chosenH977יְהוָֽה׃yahwehYahwehH3068
1 Samuel 16:9· Hebrew and glosses: STEP Bible
1 Samuel 16:10· Hebrew and glosses: STEP Bible
וַיַּעֲבֵ֥רvaiyaaverand he made pass byH5674יִשַׁ֛יyishaiJesseH3448שִׁבְעַ֥תshivatseven ofH7651בָּנָ֖יוbanavsons hisH1121לִפְנֵ֣יlifnei<to> beforeH6440שְׁמוּאֵ֑לshemuelSamuelH8050וַיֹּ֤אמֶרvaiyomerand he saidH559שְׁמוּאֵל֙shemuelSamuelH8050אֶל־ʾel-toH413יִשַׁ֔יyishaiJesseH3448לֹא־lo'-notH3808בָחַ֥רvacharhe has chosenH977יְהוָ֖הyahwehYahwehH3068בָּאֵֽלֶּה׃baeleh<in> theseH428
1 Samuel 16:11· Hebrew and glosses: STEP Bible
וַיֹּ֨אמֶרvaiyomerand he saidH559שְׁמוּאֵ֣לshemuelSamuelH8050אֶל־ʾel-toH413יִשַׁי֮yishaiJesseH3448הֲתַ֣מּוּhatamu¿ are they finishedH8552הַנְּעָרִים֒hanearimthe young menH5288וַיֹּ֗אמֶרvaiyomerand he saidH559ע֚וֹדodstillH5750שָׁאַ֣רshaarhe remainsH7604הַקָּטָ֔ןhakatanthe young [one]H6996וְהִנֵּ֥הvehinehand there!H2009רֹעֶ֖הroeh[he is] shepherdingH7462בַּצֹּ֑אןbatzon<in> the flockH6629וַיֹּ֨אמֶרvaiyomerand he saidH559שְׁמוּאֵ֤לshemuelSamuelH8050אֶל־ʾel-toH413יִשַׁי֙yishaiJesseH3448שִׁלְחָ֣הshilchahsend !H7971וְקָחֶ֔נּוּvekachenuand bring himH3947כִּ֥יkiforH3588לֹא־lo'-notH3808נָסֹ֖בnasowe will turn roundH5437עַד־ʾad-untilH5704בֹּא֥וֹboocomes heH935פֹֽה׃fohhereH6311
1 Samuel 16:12· Hebrew and glosses: STEP Bible
וַיִּשְׁלַ֤חvaiyishlachand he sentH7971וַיְבִיאֵ֙הוּ֙vayviehuand he brought himH935וְה֣וּאvehu'and heH1931אַדְמוֹנִ֔יʾadmoni[was] redH132עִם־ʾim-withH5973יְפֵ֥הyepehbeautiful ofH3303עֵינַ֖יִםʾeinayimeyesH5869וְט֣וֹבvetovand good ofH2896רֹ֑אִי פroiappearanceH7210וַיֹּ֧אמֶרvaiyomerand he saidH559יְהוָ֛הyahwehYahwehH3068ק֥וּםkumariseH6965מְשָׁחֵ֖הוּmeshachehuanoint himH4886כִּֽי־ki-forH3588זֶ֥הzehthisH2088הֽוּא׃hu'[is] heH1931
1 Samuel 16:13· Hebrew and glosses: STEP Bible
וַיִּקַּ֨חvaiyikachand he tookH3947שְׁמוּאֵ֜לshemuelSamuelH8050אֶת־ʾet-<obj.>H853קֶ֣רֶןkeren[the] horn ofH7161הַשֶּׁ֗מֶןhashemen<the> oilH8081וַיִּמְשַׁ֣חvaiyimshachand he anointedH4886אֹתוֹ֮ʾoto<obj.> himH853בְּקֶ֣רֶבbekerevin [the] midst ofH7130אֶחָיו֒ʾechavbrothers hisH251וַתִּצְלַ֤חvatitzlachand it rushedH6743רֽוּחַ־ruach-[the] spirit ofH7307יְהוָה֙yahwehYahwehH3068אֶל־ʾel-toH413דָּוִ֔דdavidDavidH1732מֵהַיּ֥וֹםmehaiyomfrom the dayH3117הַה֖וּאhahu'<the> thatH1931וָמָ֑עְלָהvamaelahand on -wardsH4605וַיָּ֣קָםvaiyakomand he aroseH6965שְׁמוּאֵ֔לshemuelSamuelH8050וַיֵּ֖לֶךְvaiyelekhand he wentH1980הָרָמָֽתָה׃ סharamatah<the> Ramah towardsH7414
Rashi on I Samuel 16:13
And a spirit of Adonoy passed over. A spirit of strength. 7 Targum renders ‘a spirit of prophecy.’
Read it in full at Sefaria · The Metsudah Tanach series, Lakewood, N.J
An evil spirit, and a harp that brings relief14
1 Samuel 16:14· Hebrew and glosses: STEP Bible
1 Samuel 16:15· Hebrew and glosses: STEP Bible
1 Samuel 16:16· Hebrew and glosses: STEP Bible
יֹאמַר־yomar-let him sayH559נָ֤אna'pleaseH4994אֲדֹנֵ֙נוּ֙ʾadonenulord ourH113עֲבָדֶ֣יךָʾavadeikhaservants yourH5650לְפָנֶ֔יךָlefaneikha<to> before youH6440יְבַקְשׁ֕וּyevakshulet them seekH1245אִ֕ישׁʾisha personH376יֹדֵ֖עַyodea'[who] knowsH3045מְנַגֵּ֣ןmenagenplayingH5059בַּכִּנּ֑וֹרbakinoron the harpH3658וְהָיָ֗הvehayahand it will beH1961בִּֽהְי֨וֹתbihyotwhen isH1961עָלֶ֤יךָʾaleikhaon youH5921רֽוּחַ־ruach-a spirit ofH7307אֱלֹהִים֙ʾelohimGodH430רָעָ֔הraahevilH7451וְנִגֵּ֥ןvenigenand he will playH5059בְּיָד֖וֹbeyadowith hand hisH3027וְט֥וֹבvetovand goodH2896לָֽךְ׃ פlakh[will belong] to <the> you
1 Samuel 16:17· Hebrew and glosses: STEP Bible
וַיֹּ֥אמֶרvaiyomerand he saidH559שָׁא֖וּלshaulSaulH7586אֶל־ʾel-toH413עֲבָדָ֑יוʾavadavservants hisH5650רְאוּ־reu-seeH7200נָ֣אna'pleaseH4994לִ֗יlifor <the> meאִ֚ישׁʾisha personH376מֵיטִ֣יבmeitiv[who] does wellH3190לְנַגֵּ֔ןlenagento playH5059וַהֲבִיאוֹתֶ֖םvahaviotemand you will bring [him]H935אֵלָֽי׃ʾelaito meH413
1 Samuel 16:18· Hebrew and glosses: STEP Bible
וַיַּעַן֩vaiyaanand he answeredH6030אֶחָ֨דʾechadoneH259מֵהַנְּעָרִ֜יםmehanearimfrom the young menH5288וַיֹּ֗אמֶרvaiyomerand he saidH559הִנֵּ֨הhinehhere!H2009רָאִ֜יתִיraitiI have seenH7200בֵּ֣ןbena sonH1121לְיִשַׁי֮leyishaiof JesseH3448בֵּ֣יתbeit[the] Beth-H1022הַלַּחְמִי֒halachmi<the> -lehemiteH1022יֹדֵ֣עַyodea'[who] knowsH3045נַ֠גֵּןnagento playH5059וְגִבּ֨וֹרvegiborand a mighty [man] ofH1368חַ֜יִלchayilstrengthH2428וְאִ֧ישׁveishand a man ofH376מִלְחָמָ֛הmilchamahwarH4421וּנְב֥וֹןunevonand [one] discerning ofH995דָּבָ֖רdavarwordH1697וְאִ֣ישׁveishand a man ofH376תֹּ֑אַרtoarformH8389וַיהוָ֖הvayahwehand YahwehH3068עִמּֽוֹ׃imo[is] with himH5973
1 Samuel 16:19· Hebrew and glosses: STEP Bible
וַיִּשְׁלַ֥חvaiyishlachand he sentH7971שָׁא֛וּלshaulSaulH7586מַלְאָכִ֖יםmalakhimmessengersH4397אֶל־ʾel-toH413יִשָׁ֑יyishaiJesseH3448וַיֹּ֕אמֶרvaiyomerand he saidH559שִׁלְחָ֥הshilchahsend !H7971אֵלַ֛יʾelaito meH413אֶת־ʾet-<obj.>H853דָּוִ֥דdavidDavidH1732בִּנְךָ֖binkhason yourH1121אֲשֶׁ֥רʾasherwhoH834בַּצֹּֽאן׃batzon[is] with the flockH6629
1 Samuel 16:20· Hebrew and glosses: STEP Bible
וַיִּקַּ֨חvaiyikachand he tookH3947יִשַׁ֜יyishaiJesseH3448חֲמ֥וֹרchamora donkeyH2543לֶ֙חֶם֙lechembreadH3899וְנֹ֣אדvenodand a skin-bottle ofH4997יַ֔יִןyayinwineH3196וּגְדִ֥יugediand a kid ofH1423עִזִּ֖יםʾizimgoatsH5795אֶחָ֑דʾechadoneH259וַיִּשְׁלַ֛חvaiyishlachand he sent [them]H7971בְּיַד־beyad-by [the] hand ofH3027דָּוִ֥דdavidDavidH1732בְּנ֖וֹbenoson hisH1121אֶל־ʾel-toH413שָׁאֽוּל׃shaulSaulH7586
1 Samuel 16:21· Hebrew and glosses: STEP Bible
וַיָּבֹ֤אvaiyavo'and he cameH935דָוִד֙davidDavidH1732אֶל־ʾel-toH413שָׁא֔וּלshaulSaulH7586וַֽיַּעֲמֹ֖דvaiyaamodand he stoodH5975לְפָנָ֑יוlefanav<to> before himH6440וַיֶּאֱהָבֵ֣הֽוּvaiyeehavehuand he loved himH157מְאֹ֔דmeodexceedinglyH3966וַֽיְהִי־vayhi-and he wasH1961ל֖וֹloof himנֹשֵׂ֥אnose'bearer ofH5375כֵלִֽים׃khelimarmor<s>H3627
1 Samuel 16:22· Hebrew and glosses: STEP Bible
וַיִּשְׁלַ֣חvaiyishlachand he sentH7971שָׁא֔וּלshaulSaulH7586אֶל־ʾel-toH413יִשַׁ֖יyishaiJesseH3448לֵאמֹ֑רlemor<to> sayingH559יַעֲמָד־yaamod-let him standH5975נָ֤אna'pleaseH4994דָוִד֙davidDavidH1732לְפָנַ֔יlefanai<to> before meH6440כִּֽי־ki-forH3588מָ֥צָאmatza'he has foundH4672חֵ֖ןchenfavorH2580בְּעֵינָֽי׃beeinaiin view myH5869
1 Samuel 16:23· Hebrew and glosses: STEP Bible
וְהָיָ֗הvehayahand it wasH1961בִּֽהְי֤וֹתbihyotwhen wasH1961רֽוּחַ־ruach-a spirit ofH7307אֱלֹהִים֙ʾelohimGodH430אֶל־ʾel-toH413שָׁא֔וּלshaulSaulH7586וְלָקַ֥חvelakachand he tookH3947דָּוִ֛דdavidDavidH1732אֶת־ʾet-<obj.>H853הַכִּנּ֖וֹרhakinorthe harpH3658וְנִגֵּ֣ןvenigenand he playedH5059בְּיָד֑וֹbeyadowith hand hisH3027וְרָוַ֤חveravachand it was reliefH7304לְשָׁאוּל֙leshaulto SaulH7586וְט֣וֹבvetovand goodH2896ל֔וֹlo[belonged] to <the> himוְסָ֥רָהvesarahand it departedH5493מֵעָלָ֖יוmealavfrom on <the> himH5921ר֥וּחַruach[the] spirit ofH7307הָרָעָֽה׃ פharaah<the> evilH7451