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1 Samuel 16:15

in 1 Samuel 16

Saul’s servants said to him, “Surely a spirit of distress from God is tormenting you.

BSB

The same verse in ASV and KJV ▾

ASV

And Saul’s servants said unto him, Behold now, an evil spirit from God troubleth thee.

KJV

And Saul’s servants said unto him, Behold now, an evil spirit from God troubleth thee.

This verse in 1 Samuel 16

Commentary

8 notes on this verse
And Saul's servants said unto him,.... His courtiers, who observing him to act in a frantic manner, to be dull and melancholy, timorous, and irresolute, unsteady, divided, and distressed; or his physicians, who were called in to assist him, and remove his disorder from him: behold, now an evil spirit from God troubleth thee: the disorder was not from any natural cause, or any bodily disease, and therefore out of the reach of physicians to do any service, but was from an evil spirit suffered of God to harass and disturb him.

This site's exposition

Surely a spirit of distress from God is tormenting you

on 1 Samuel 16:15-18

Saul’s servants propose music, someone who can "skillfully play the harp" when the spirit of distress comes. Albert Barnes notes the difficulty beside chapter 17, where Saul asks whose son David is. And the usual answer is that the report ran ahead of what Saul had seen.

The record, by era

The Church Fathers4 voices

A commentator

Athanasius of Alexandria

296–373

Discourses Against the Arians 3.25.25 · Written before 373.

Therefore, when a person falls from the Spirit for any wickedness, if he repents after his fall, the grace remains irrevocably to the one who is willing; otherwise he who has fallen is no longer in God (because that Holy Spirit and Paraclete which is in God has deserted him), but this sinner shall be in him to whom he has subjected himself, as took place in Saul's instance; for the Spirit of God departed from him and an evil spirit was afflicting him.

A commentator

Jerome

HOMILIES ON THE PSALMS 9 (PS 75) · Written before 420.

proposed

Again, that you may be sure that God curbs the spirit of pride, recall how the good spirit of God departed from Saul and an evil spirit troubled him. Holy Writ says, "And an evil spirit of God troubled him," a spirit from God. Does God, then, have an evil spirit? Not at all. God had withdrawn so that afterwards an evil spirit might trouble Saul. In that sense, the spirit of God is called evil. Finally, holy David, knowing that God could take away the spirit of princes, entreats him, "And do not take your holy spirit from me."

A commentator

Tertullian

ON FLIGHT IN TIME OF PERSECUTION 2.6-7 · Written before 220.

proposed

The devil has power that might be called his own, only over such as no longer belong to God, the heathen whom he considers once for all as a drop in a bucket, as dust on the threshing floor, as spittle in the mouth—and, as such, totally handed over to the devil as a quite useless possession.Otherwise, he may do nothing by his own right, against those who dwell in the house of God, because the cases that are noted in Scripture show us when—that is, for what reasons—he may touch them. The right to tempt a person is granted to the devil, either for the sake of a trial, as in the texts cited above, whether God or the devil initiates the plan, or for the purpose of the reprobation of a sinner, who is handed over to the devil as to an executioner. This was the case with Saul. "The spirit of the Lord departed from Saul, and an evil spirit from the Lord troubled and stifled him." Again, it may happen in order to humble a person, as Paul tells us that there was given him a thorn, a messenger of Satan, to buffet him, and even this sort of thing is not permitted for the humiliation of holy ones through torment of the flesh, unless it be done so that their power to resist may be perfected in weakness.

A commentator

Aphrahat the Persian Sage

DEMONSTRATION 6.16 · Written before 345.

proposed

I will instruct you of that which is written, that the Spirit is not at every time found with those that receive it. For it is written about Saul, that the Holy Spirit, which he received when he was anointed, departed from him, because he grieved it, and God sent to him instead of it a vexing spirit. And whenever he was afflicted by the evil spirit, David used to play upon the harp, and the Holy Spirit, which David received when he was anointed, would come, and the evil spirit that was vexing Saul would flee from before it. So the Holy Spirit that David received was not found with him at every time. As long as he was playing the harp, then it used to come.

The Puritans and the Awakening1 voice

A commentator

Matthew Henry

1662–1714

Commentary on the Whole Bible (1710)

proposed

And the elders of the town trembled at his coming, and said, Comest thou peaceably? 5 And he said, Peaceably: I am come to sacrifice unto the L ORD : sanctify yourselves, and come with me to the sacrifice. And he sanctified Jesse and his sons, and called them to the sacrifice.

quarantine:scripture (2026-07-29) — scripture-overlap:96%@v4-5

1 more voice on this verse

The Nineteenth Century1 voice

The “evil” or “melancholy” spirit here spoken of was “the Spirit of God,” or “of Jehovah,” as being God’s messenger and minister, sent by Him to execute His righteous purpose upon Saul (see 1Ki 22:19-22 note).

The words behind it

10 Hebrew words

Every Hebrew word of this verse in the order it stands, with what it means and the door to its own study. The last column counts the times a word stands in the whole Bible: the rarer the word, the more the places it appears belong together.

  • וַיֹּאמְר֥וּand they said

    vaiyomeruH559 →5305 times

  • עַבְדֵֽי־[the] servants of

    ʾavdei-H5650 →799 times

  • שָׁא֖וּלSaul

    shaulH7586 →402 times

  • אֵלָ֑יוto him

    ʾelavH413 →5510 times

  • הִנֵּה־here!

    hineh-H2009 →843 times

  • נָ֧אplease

    na'H4994 →404 times

  • רֽוּחַ־a spirit of

    ruach-H7307 →378 times

  • אֱלֹהִ֛יםGod

    ʾelohimH430 →2601 times

  • רָעָ֖הevil

    raahH7451 →662 times

  • מְבַעִתֶּֽךָ׃[is] terrifying you

    mevaitekhaH1204 →

A shaded row is a word that stands 400 times or fewer in the Bible.

Where this verse is studied

About 1 Samuel

Anointing of David by Samuel, Félix-Joseph Barrias, 1842, Musée des Beaux-Arts de la ville de Paris. Public domain.
Anointing of David by Samuel, Félix-Joseph Barrias, 1842, Musée des Beaux-Arts de la ville de Paris. Public domain.
This page draws on 9 works. Open the list of works

This page draws on Adam Clarke, Commentary on the Bible; Albert Barnes, Notes on the Old Testament; Albert Barnes, Notes, Explanatory and Practical, on the Old and New Testaments (1832-1869); Aphrahat the Persian Sage, DEMONSTRATION 6.16; Athanasius of Alexandria, Discourses Against the Arians 3.25.25; Jerome, HOMILIES ON THE PSALMS 9 (PS 75); John Gill, Exposition of the Old Testament (1748-1763); Matthew Henry, Commentary on the Whole Bible and Tertullian, ON FLIGHT IN TIME OF PERSECUTION 2.6-7.