Philippians 4:22
in Philippians 4All the saints send you greetings, especially those from the household of Caesar.
BSB
The same verse in ASV and KJV ▾
ASV
All the saints salute you, especially they that are of Cæsar’s household.
KJV
All the saints salute you, chiefly they that are of Cesar’s household.
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This verse in Philippians 4
Commentary
11 notes on this verseAll the saints - All the Christians now at Rome. They that are of Caesar’s household - Nero was at this time emperor of Rome: a more worthless, cruel, and diabolic wretch never disgraced the name or form of man; yet in his family there were Christians: but whether this relates to the members of the imperial family, or to guards, or courtiers, or to servants, we cannot tell. If even some of his slaves were converted to Christianity, it would he sufficiently marvellous.
This site's exposition
Salute every saint in Christ Jesus
on Philippians 4:21-23
The greetings carry a quiet trophy: chiefly they that are of Cesar's household, the familia Caesaris of slaves and freedmen who ran the empire's administration, believers now inside Nero's own establishment. The gospel Paul could not carry to the palace walked in with his chains, as 1:12-13 said it would. The letter of joy ends where every Pauline letter ends, the grace of our Lord Jesus Christ be with you all.
The record, by era
The Church Fathers3 voices
These opinions, Florinus, that I may speak in mild terms, are not of sound doctrine; these opinions are not consonant to the Church, and involve their votaries in the utmost impiety; these opinions, even the heretics beyond the Church's pale have never ventured to broach; these opinions, those presbyters who preceded us, and who were conversant with the apostles, did not hand down to thee. For, while I was yet a boy, I saw thee in Lower Asia with Polycarp, distinguishing thyself in the royal court, and endeavouring to gain his approbation.
A commentator
Gaius Marius VictorinusEPISTLE TO THE PHILIPPIANS 4.21-22 · Written before 370.
proposed
Many apparently have believed even from Caesar's household. These are people who would otherwise have walked proudly and thought of nothing but Caesar. The power of the gospel has been revealed to these people. Many others who have believed are humble people. He equally greets …
"All the saints salute you, especially they that are of Caesar's household. The grace of the Lord Jesus Christ be with your spirit." He elevated them and strengthened them, by showing that his preaching had reached even to the king's household. For if those who were in the king's palace despised all things for the sake of the King of Heaven, far more ought they to do this. And this too was a proof of the love of Paul, and that he had told many things of them, and said great things of them, whence he had even led those who were in the palace to a longing for them, so that those who had never seen them saluted them. Especially because the faithful were then in affliction, his love was great. And those who were absent from each other were closely conjoined together as if real limbs. And the poor man was similarly disposed toward the rich, and the rich toward the poor, and there was no preeminence, in that they were all equally hated and cast out, and that for the same cause. For as, if captives taken from divers cities should arise and come to the same towns, they eagerly embrace each other, their common calamity binding them together; thus too at that time they had great love one toward another, the communion of their afflictions and persecutions uniting them.
The Medieval Church2 voices
Those from Caesar's household he commended and encouraged them, showing that piety had reached even the royal house, suggesting that if those at the imperial court disregarded everything for the sake of Christ, then all the more should you—simple people—do the same. At the same …
Especially those of Caesar's household. This shows that he converted many from Caesar's household: "It has become known throughout the whole court and to all the rest" (1:13). But although it is stated in Matthew (11:8) that those in soft garments are in the houses …
4 more voices on this verse
The Puritans and the Awakening2 voices
5 Let your moderation be known unto all men. 6 Be careful for nothing; but in every thing by prayer and supplication with thanksgiving let your requests be made known unto God. 7 And the peace of God, which passeth all understanding, shall keep your hearts and minds through Christ Jesus.
quarantine:scripture (2026-07-29) — scripture-overlap:100%@v5-7
All the saints salute you,....
The Nineteenth Century2 voices
A commentator
Jamieson, Fausset & Brown1802–1910
Commentary Critical and Explanatory on the Whole Bible (1871)
Philippi was a Roman "colony," hence there might arise a tie between the citizens of the mother city and those of the colony; especially between those of both cities who were Christians, converted as many of them were by the same apostle, and under like circumstances, he having been imprisoned at Philippi, as he now is at Rome.
A commentator
Albert Barnes1798–1870
Notes, Explanatory and Practical, on the Old and New Testaments (1832-1869)
proposed
All the saints salute you - All in Rome, where this Epistle was written. No individuals are specified, perhaps because none of the Christians at Rome wore personally known to the church at Philippi. They would, however, feel a deep interest in a church which had thus the confidence and affection of Paul. There is reason to believe that the bonds of affection among the churches then were much stronger than they are now. There was a generous warmth in the newness of the Christian affection - the first ardor of love; and the common trials to which they were exposed would serve to bind them closely together. Chiefly they that are of Caesar’s household - That is, of Nero, who was at that time the reigning emperor. The name Caesar was given to all the emperors after the time of Julius Caesar, as the name Pharaoh was the common name of the kings of Egypt. The phrase used here - “the household of Caesar” - may refer to the relatives of the emperor; and it is certainly possible that some of them may have been converted to Christianity. But it does not of necessity refer to those related to him, but may be applied to his domestics, or to some of the officers of the court that were more particularly employed around his person; and as it is more probable that some of them would be converted than his own relatives, it is more safe to suppose that they were intended; see the notes at Php 1:13.
The words behind it
12 Greek wordsEvery Greek word of this verse in the order it stands, with what it means and the door to its own study. The last column counts the times a word stands in the whole Bible: the rarer the word, the more the places it appears belong together.
| Greek | Sound | Meaning | Word study | In the Bible |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| ἀσπάζονται | aspazontai | Greet | G782 → | 57 times |
| ὑμᾶς | humas | you | G4771 → | 2973 times |
| πάντες | pantes | all | G3956 → | 1235 times |
| οἱ | hoi | the | G3588 → | 19766 times |
| ἅγιοι, | hagioi | saints, | G40 → | 220 times |
| μάλιστα | malista | especially | G3122 → | |
| δὲ | de | now | G1161 → | 2765 times |
| οἱ | hoi | those | G3588 → | 19766 times |
| ἐκ | ek | from | G1537 → | 911 times |
| τῆς | tes | <the> | G3588 → | 19766 times |
| Καίσαρος | kaisaros | Caesar's | G2541 → | |
| οἰκίας.¶ | oikias | household. | G3614 → |
ἀσπάζονταιGreet
aspazontaiG782 →57 times
ὑμᾶςyou
humasG4771 →2973 times
πάντεςall
pantesG3956 →1235 times
οἱthe
hoiG3588 →19766 times
ἅγιοι,saints,
hagioiG40 →220 times
μάλισταespecially
malistaG3122 →
δὲnow
deG1161 →2765 times
οἱthose
hoiG3588 →19766 times
ἐκfrom
ekG1537 →911 times
τῆς<the>
tesG3588 →19766 times
ΚαίσαροςCaesar's
kaisarosG2541 →
οἰκίας.¶household.
oikiasG3614 →
A shaded row is a word that stands 400 times or fewer in the Bible.
The walk
8 stopsEach card is a verse this one points to, and under it the verses that one points to in turn. Where several paths arrive at the same place, that place is listed first: the text keeps returning to it.
Through
Romans 16:16Greet one another with a holy kiss. All the churches of Christ send you greetings.
it leads to
- 1 Corinthians 16:20
All the brothers here send you greetings. Greet one another with a holy kiss.
- 1 Thessalonians 5:26
Greet all the brothers with a holy kiss.
- 2 Corinthians 13:12
Greet one another with a holy kiss.
- 1 Peter 5:14
Greet one another with a kiss of love. Peace to all of you who are in Christ.
- Acts 20:37
They all wept openly as they embraced Paul and kissed him.
- 1 Corinthians 16:20
Through
Philippians 1:13As a result, it has become clear throughout the whole palace guard and to everyone else that I am in chains for Christ.
it leads to
- 2 Timothy 2:9
for which I suffer to the extent of being chained like a criminal. But the word of God cannot be chained!
- Ephesians 3:1
For this reason I, Paul, the prisoner of Christ Jesus for the sake of you Gentiles...
- 2 Timothy 2:9
Through
Hebrews 13:24Greet all your leaders and all the saints. Those from Italy send you greetings.
it leads to
- Hebrews 13:17
Obey your leaders and submit to them, for they watch over your souls as those who must give an account. To this end, allow them to lead with joy and not with grief, for…
- Hebrews 13:17
About Philippians

This page draws on 11 works. Open the list of works
This page draws on Adam Clarke, Commentary on the Bible; Albert Barnes, Notes, Explanatory and Practical, on the Old and New Testaments (1832-1869); Gaius Marius Victorinus, EPISTLE TO THE PHILIPPIANS 4.21-22; Irenaeus, Fragments from the Lost Writings of Irenaeus; J. B. Lightfoot, Saint Paul's Epistle to the Philippians; Jamieson, Fausset & Brown, Commentary Critical and Explanatory on the Whole Bible; John Chrysostom, Homily on Philippians 15; John Gill, Exposition of the New Testament (1746-1748); Matthew Henry, Commentary on the Whole Bible; Theophylact of Ohrid, Commentary on Philippians and Thomas Aquinas, Commentary on Philippians.
