Jeremiah 11:19
in Jeremiah 11For I was like a gentle lamb led to slaughter; I did not know that they had plotted against me: “Let us destroy the tree with its fruit; let us cut him off from the land of the living, that his name may be remembered no more.”
BSB
The same verse in ASV and KJV ▾
ASV
But I was like a gentle lamb that is led to the slaughter; and I knew not that they had devised devices against me, saying, Let us destroy the tree with the fruit thereof, and let us cut him off from the land of the living, that his name may be no more remembered.
KJV
But I was like a lamb or an ox that is brought to the slaughter; and I knew not that they had devised devices against me, saying, Let us destroy the tree with the fruit thereof, and let us cut him off from the land of the living, that his name may be no more remembered.
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This verse in Jeremiah 11
Commentary
18 notes on this verseBut I was like a lamb, or an ox,.... The word "alluph", rendered an ox, is by many considered as an adjective to the word lamb (n); since the disjunctive particle or is not in the next; and is differently translated; by the Vulgate Latin version, "as a meek or tame lamb"; by the Septuagint and Arabic versions, "as an harmless lamb": and by the Syriac version, "as a pure" or "clean lamb"; and by the Targum, "as a choice lamb;'' and so R.
This site's exposition
And the LORD informed me, so I knew
on Jeremiah 11:18-20
This unit opens the run of confessions the book carries through chapter 20. He was “like a gentle lamb led to slaughter” and “did not know that they had plotted against me”. Verse 20 answers with the appeal the confessions repeat, “let me see Your vengeance upon them”.
This site's exposition
I was like a gentle lamb
Barnes reads the Hebrew as a tame lamb, raised at home and trusting to the end. He calls the tree and its fruit a proverb. Jerome says the whole church hears Christ in these words, the lamb of Isaiah led to the slaughter.
The record, by era
The Church Fathers5 voices
These are the prophet's words. Then let us see what the Savior says in the prophet: "I, like an innocent lamb led to be sacrificed, did not know. Against me they devised a device, saying, Come and let us cast wood into his bread, and let us wipe him out from the land of the living, and his name shall no more be remembered." As the prophet Isaiah also says, Christ "was led as a sheep to slaughter, and as a lamb before its shearer is silent, so he opens not his mouth." There, then, Isaiah speaks about him, but here Christ says about himself, "I, like an innocent lamb led to slaughter to be sacrificed, did not know." He did not say what he did not know. For he has not said, "I did not know evils"; he has not said, "I did not know good things"; nor has he said, "I did not know sin"; but simply, "I did not know." To you, then, he has left it to examine what he did not know. And learn what he did not know from this: "the one who knew no sin he made to be sin on our behalf"; for to know sin is to sin, just as to know righteousness is to act righteously. Therefore the one who proclaims the things concerning righteousness and does not act righteously has not known righteousness. "Against me they devised a device, saying, Come and let us cast wood into his bread." That the Jews crucified him is clear, and we proclaim this with boldness. But how you are to fit this to "they devised a device against me, saying, Come and let us cast wood into his bread" is a work to understand. The bread of Jesus is the word by which we are nourished. Since, therefore, while he was teaching among the people, they wished to add the stumbling-block to his teaching by crucifying him, they said, "Let us cast wood into his bread." For whenever the crucifixion of the teacher is attached to the word of Jesus' teaching, wood has been cast into his bread. […]
A commentator
Philoxenus of Mabbug13 Ascetic Discourses, Discourse 5 -- Second Discourse on Simplicity · Written before 523.
proposed
And hearken unto the prophet who also proclaimed our Lord with his simple teaching, and who likened Him unto a lamb and a sheep, the most innocent of all animals: "Like a lamb was He led to the slaughter, and like a sheep before the …
It is the consensus of all the church that these words are spoken by Christ through the person of Jeremiah. For the Father made it known to him how he should speak and revealed to him the zealotry of the Jews—he who was led like a lamb to the slaughter, not opening his mouth and not knowing. But the word sin is implicitly added to this last phrase, in agreement with what was said by the apostle: "When he did not know sin, he was made to be sin on our account." And they said, "Let us put wood on his bread," clearly referring to the cross on the body of the Savior, for he is the one who said, "I am the bread that descended from heaven."They also said "let us destroy (or eradicate) him from the land of the living." And they conceived the evil in their soul that they would delete his name forever. In response to this, from the sacrament of the assumed body, the Son speaks to the Father and invokes his judgment while praising his justice and acknowledging him as the God who inspects the interior and the heart. He asks that the Father would return to the people what they deserve, saying, "Let me see your vengeance on them," obviously referring only to those who continue in sin, not to those who repent. Concerning the latter, he said on the cross: "Father forgive them, for they do not realize what they are doing." He also "disclosed his cause" to the Father, that he was crucified not because he deserved it but for the sins of the people, as he declared: "Behold, the prince of the world came and found nothing against me." The Jews and our Judaizers believe that all of this was said only by Jeremiah, arguing from prophecy that the people have sustained these evils in their captivity. But I fail to see how they hope to prove that Jeremiah was the one crucified, since such an event is nowhere recorded in Scripture. Perhaps it is just a figment of their imagination.
A commentator
Lucius Caecilius Firmianus LactantiusDIVINE INSTITUTES 4:14 · Written before 325.
proposed
Jeremiah, too, said, "Show me, O Lord, and I shall know. Then I saw their plots. And I was carried as a meek lamb to be the victim. They devised counsels against me, saying, 'Let us put wood on his bread and cut him off from the land of the living, and his name shall be remembered no more.' " Now the wood signifies the cross and the bread his body, because he is himself the food and life of all who believe in the flesh that he put on and by which he hung on the cross.
A commentator
CyprianTreatise XII. Three Books of Testimonies Against the Jews 2:20 · Written before 258.
proposed
That the Jews would fasten Christ to the cross.… Also in Jeremiah: "Come, let us cast the tree into his bread, and let us blot out his life from the earth."
10 more voices on this verse
The Church Fathers5 voices
Listen to Jeremiah and be convinced: "I was as a meek lamb that is carried to be a victim. Did I not know it?" (Read it thus as a question, as I have put it. For he who said, "You know that after two days the Passover shall be here, and the Son of man will be delivered up to be crucified," did he not know?) "I was a meek lamb that is carried to be a victim. Did I not know it?" (What sort of lamb? Let John the Baptist interpret, when he says, "Behold the lamb of God, who takes away the sins of the world!") "They devised a wicked counsel against me, saying (Was it that he who knew the counsels did not know their result? And what did they say?): "Come, and let us put wood on his bread." (If the Lord shall count you worthy, hereafter you shall learn that his body, according to the Gospel, bore the figure of bread.) "Come, and let us put wood on his bread, and cut him off from the land of the living (Life is not cut off. Why do you toil to no purpose?) And let his name be remembered no more."
He was led to the cross, and the life of the whole world hung suspended from its wood. Would you care to have this, too, confirmed by the testimony of prophets? Listen to what Jeremiah has to say about it: "Come, and let us put wood on his bread, and let us cut him off from the land of the living." Moses again, lamenting over them, remarked, "And your life shall be hanging suspended before your eyes, and you shall fear by day and by night, neither shall you trust your life."
(Verse 19) I, like a gentle lamb being led to the sacrifice, did not know that they were plotting against me. Let us cast wood into his bread, and let us wipe him from the land of the living, so that his name may be remembered no more.
A commentator
Origen of AlexandriaCOMMENTARY ON THE GOSPEL OF JOHN 1:23 · Written before 253.
proposed
The careful student of the sacred books, moreover, may gather not a few similar passages from the prophets, as where He calls Himself a chosen shaft, and a servant of God, and a light of the Gentiles. Isaiah also says, "From my mother's womb hath He called me by my name, and He made my mouth as a sharp sword, and under the shadow of His hand did He hide me, and He said to me, Thou art My servant, O Israel, and in thee will I be glorified." And a little farther on: "And my God shall be my strength, and He said to me, This is a great thing for thee to be called My servant, to set up the tribes of Jacob and to turn again the diaspora of Israel. Behold I have set thee for a light of the Gentiles, that thou shouldest be for salvation to the end of the earth." And in Jeremiah too He likens Himself to a lamb, as thus: "I was as a gentle lamb that is led to the slaughter." These and other similar sayings He applies to Himself. In addition to these one might collect in the Gospels and the Apostles and in the prophets a countless number of titles which are applied to the Son of God, as the writers of the Gospels set forth their own views of what He is, or the Apostles extol Him out of what they had learned, or the prophets proclaim in advance His coming advent and announce the things concerning Him under various names. Thus John calls Him the Lamb of God, saying, "Behold the Lamb of God which taketh away the sins of the world."
A commentator
Origen of AlexandriaCOMMENTARY ON ON THE GOSPEL OF JOHN 6:35 · Written before 253.
proposed
If we examine the declaration about Jesus who is pointed out by John in the words, "This is the Lamb of God who takes away the sin of the world," from the standpoint of the dispensation itself of the bodily sojourn of the Son of God in the life of people, we will assume that the lamb is none other than his humanity. For he was "led as a sheep to the slaughter and was dumb as a lamb before its shearer," saying, "I was as an innocent lamb being led to be sacrificed."
The Puritans and the Awakening2 voices
Let us destroy - We have no other mention of this conspiracy, but it is plain both from this verse, and what follows, that the men of Anathoth (which was Jeremiah's own town) were offended at his prophesying, and had conspired to kill him.
Let us sink his reputation, and so spoil the credit of his predictions." This was their plot; and 1. It was a cruel one; but so cruel have the persecutors of God's prophets been. They hunt for no less than the precious life, and very precious the lives are that they hunt for.
quarantine:debris (2026-07-29) — odd-straight-quotes
The Nineteenth Century3 voices
A commentator
Albert Barnes1798–1870
Notes, Explanatory and Practical, on the Old and New Testaments (1832-1869)
Like a lamb or an ox - Rather, “like a tame lamb.” Jeremiah had lived at Anathoth as one of the family, never suspecting that, like a tame lamb, the time would come for him to be killed. The tree with the fruit thereof - The words are those of a proverb or dark saying. All the Churches agree in understanding that under the person of Jeremiah these things are said by Christ.
A commentator
Jamieson, Fausset & Brown1802–1910
Commentary Critical and Explanatory on the Whole Bible (1871)
proposed
His own familiar friends had plotted against the prophet. The language is exactly the same as that applied to Messiah (Isa 53:7). Each prophet and patriarch exemplified in his own person some one feature or more in the manifold attributes and sufferings of the Messiah to come; just as the saints have done since His coming (Ga 2:20;
quarantine:debris (2026-07-29) — unbalanced-parens
I was like a lamb or an ox - Dahler translates, “I was like a fattened lamb that is led to the slaughter.” Blayney, “I was like a tame lamb that is led to slaughter.” The word אלוף alluph, which we translate ox, is taken by both as an adjective, qualifying the noun כבש kebes, a lamb. It may probably signify a lamb brought up in the house-fed at home, (אלוף alluph), instructed or nourished at home; perfectly innocent and unsuspecting, while leading to the slaughter. This meaning the word will bear in Arabic, for alaf signifies accustomed, familiar, (to or with any person or thing); a companion, a comrade, an intimate friend. I therefore think that ככבש אלוף kechebes alluph signifies, like the familiar lamb - the lamb bred up in the house, in a state of friendship with the family. The people of Anathoth were Jeremiah’s townsmen; he was born and bred among them; they were his familiar friends; and now they lay wait for his life! All the Versions understood אלוף alluph as an epithet of כבש kebes, a chosen, simple, innocent lamb. Let us destroy the tree with the fruit - Let us slay the prophet, and his prophecies will come to an end. The Targum has, Let us put mortal poison in his food; and all the Versions understand it something in the same way.
The words behind it
21 Hebrew wordsEvery Hebrew word of this verse in the order it stands, with what it means and the door to its own study. The last column counts the times a word stands in the whole Bible: the rarer the word, the more the places it appears belong together.
| Hebrew | Sound | Meaning | Word study | In the Bible |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| וַאֲנִ֕י | vaani | and I | H589 → | 874 times |
| כְּכֶ֥בֶשׂ | kekheves | [had been] like a lamb | H3532 → | |
| אַלּ֖וּף | ʾaluf | a tame one | H441 → | 69 times |
| יוּבַ֣ל | yuval | [which] it is led | H2986 → | |
| לִטְב֑וֹחַ | litvoach | to slaughter | H2873 → | 11 times |
| וְלֹֽא־ | velo'- | and not | H3808 → | 5168 times |
| יָדַ֜עְתִּי | yada'ti | I knew | H3045 → | 945 times |
| כִּֽי־ | ki- | that | H3588 → | 4482 times |
| עָלַ֣י׀ | ʾalai | on me | H5921 → | 5755 times |
| חָשְׁב֣וּ | chashevu | they had planned | H2803 → | 124 times |
| מַחֲשָׁב֗וֹת | machashavot | plans | H4284 → | 56 times |
| נַשְׁחִ֨יתָה | nashchitah | let us destroy | H7843 → | 146 times |
| עֵ֤ץ | ʾetz | [the] tree | H6086 → | 328 times |
| בְּלַחְמוֹ֙ | belachmo | with bread its | H3899 → | 298 times |
| וְנִכְרְתֶ֙נּוּ֙ | venikhretenu | and let us cut off him | H3772 → | 288 times |
| מֵאֶ֣רֶץ | meeretz | from [the] land of | H776 → | 2504 times |
| חַיִּ֔ים | chaiyim | [the] living | H2416 → | 498 times |
| וּשְׁמ֖וֹ | ushemo | and name his | H8034 → | 864 times |
| לֹֽא־ | lo'- | not | H3808 → | 5168 times |
| יִזָּכֵ֥ר | yizakher | may it be remembered | H2142 → | 230 times |
| עֽוֹד׃ | od | again | H5750 → | 490 times |
וַאֲנִ֕יand I
vaaniH589 →874 times
כְּכֶ֥בֶשׂ[had been] like a lamb
kekhevesH3532 →
אַלּ֖וּףa tame one
ʾalufH441 →69 times
יוּבַ֣ל[which] it is led
yuvalH2986 →
לִטְב֑וֹחַto slaughter
litvoachH2873 →11 times
וְלֹֽא־and not
velo'-H3808 →5168 times
יָדַ֜עְתִּיI knew
yada'tiH3045 →945 times
כִּֽי־that
ki-H3588 →4482 times
עָלַ֣י׀on me
ʾalaiH5921 →5755 times
חָשְׁב֣וּthey had planned
chashevuH2803 →124 times
מַחֲשָׁב֗וֹתplans
machashavotH4284 →56 times
נַשְׁחִ֨יתָהlet us destroy
nashchitahH7843 →146 times
עֵ֤ץ[the] tree
ʾetzH6086 →328 times
בְּלַחְמוֹ֙with bread its
belachmoH3899 →298 times
וְנִכְרְתֶ֙נּוּ֙and let us cut off him
venikhretenuH3772 →288 times
מֵאֶ֣רֶץfrom [the] land of
meeretzH776 →2504 times
חַיִּ֔ים[the] living
chaiyimH2416 →498 times
וּשְׁמ֖וֹand name his
ushemoH8034 →864 times
לֹֽא־not
lo'-H3808 →5168 times
יִזָּכֵ֥רmay it be remembered
yizakherH2142 →230 times
עֽוֹד׃again
odH5750 →490 times
A shaded row is a word that stands 400 times or fewer in the Bible.
The walk
8 stopsEach card is a verse this one points to, and under it the verses that one points to in turn. Where several paths arrive at the same place, that place is listed first: the text keeps returning to it.
Through
Jeremiah 18:18Then some said, “Come, let us make plans against Jeremiah, for the law will never be lost to the priest, nor counsel to the wise, nor an oracle to the prophet. Come, let us…
it leads to
- Psalms 52:2
Your tongue devises destruction like a sharpened razor, O worker of deceit.
- Malachi 2:7
For the lips of a priest should preserve knowledge, and people should seek instruction from his mouth, because he is the messenger of the LORD of Hosts.
- Psalms 52:2
Through
Psalms 83:4saying, “Come, let us erase them as a nation; may the name of Israel be remembered no more.”
it leads to
- Jeremiah 48:2
There is no longer praise for Moab; in Heshbon they devise evil against her: ‘Come, let us cut her off from nationhood.’ You too, O people of Madmen, will be silenced; the sword will…
- Esther 3:6–9
And when he learned the identity of Mordecai’s people, he scorned the notion of laying hands on Mordecai alone. Instead, he sought to destroy all of Mordecai’s people, the Jews, throughout the kingdom of…
- Psalms 74:8
They said in their hearts, “We will crush them completely.” They burned down every place where God met us in the land.
- Jeremiah 48:2
Through
Psalms 31:13For I hear the slander of many; there is terror on every side. They conspire against me and plot to take my life.
it leads to
- Jeremiah 20:10
For I have heard the whispering of many: “Terror is on every side! Report him; let us report him!” All my trusted friends watch for my fall: “Perhaps he will be deceived so that…
- Jeremiah 20:10
Through
Jeremiah 20:10For I have heard the whispering of many: “Terror is on every side! Report him; let us report him!” All my trusted friends watch for my fall: “Perhaps he will be deceived so that…
it leads to
- Psalms 41:9
Even my close friend whom I trusted, the one who shared my bread, has lifted up his heel against me.
- Psalms 31:13
For I hear the slander of many; there is terror on every side. They conspire against me and plot to take my life.
- Psalms 41:9
Where this verse is studied
About Jeremiah

This page draws on 17 works. Open the list of works
This page draws on Adam Clarke, Commentary on the Bible; Albert Barnes, Notes, Explanatory and Practical, on the Old and New Testaments (1832-1869); Carl Friedrich Keil, The Prophecies of Jeremiah; Cyprian, Treatise XII. Three Books of Testimonies Against the Jews 2:20; Cyril of Jerusalem, Catechetical Lecture 13:19; Jamieson, Fausset & Brown, Commentary Critical and Explanatory on the Whole Bible; Jerome, SIX BOOKS ON JEREMIAH 2:110.2-4; Jerome, Commentary on Jeremiah; John Gill, Exposition of the Old Testament (1748-1763); John Wesley, Explanatory Notes upon the Old Testament; Lucius Caecilius Firmianus Lactantius, DIVINE INSTITUTES 4:14; Matthew Henry, Commentary on the Whole Bible; Origen of Alexandria, HOMILIES ON JEREMIAH 10; Origen of Alexandria, COMMENTARY ON THE GOSPEL OF JOHN 1:23; Origen of Alexandria, COMMENTARY ON ON THE GOSPEL OF JOHN 6:35; Philoxenus of Mabbug, 13 Ascetic Discourses, Discourse 5 -- Second Discourse on Simplicity and Tyrannius Rufinus, COMMENTARY ON THE APOSTLES' CREED 22.
