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Exodus 3:2

in Exodus 3

There the angel of the LORD appeared to him in a blazing fire from within a bush. Moses saw the bush ablaze with fire, but it was not consumed.

BSB

The same verse in ASV and KJV ▾

ASV

And the angel of Jehovah appeared unto him in a flame of fire out of the midst of a bush: and he looked, and, behold, the bush burned with fire, and the bush was not consumed.

KJV

And the angel of the Lord appeared unto him in a flame of fire out of the midst of a bush: and he looked, and, behold, the bush burned with fire, and the bush was not consumed.

This verse in Exodus 3

Commentary

19 notes on this verse

A commentator

Clement of Alexandria

The Instructor Book 2 · Written before 215.

When the almighty Lord of the universe began to legislate through the Word and decided to make his power visible to Moses, he sent Moses a divine vision with the appearance of light, in the burning bush. Now a bramble bush is full of thorns. So too when the Word was concluding his legislation and his stay among men as their Lord, again he permitted himself to be crowned with thorns as a mystic symbol.

This site's exposition

the angel of the LORD appeared to him in a blazing fire

on Exodus 3:2-3

The speaker is the angel of the LORD here and God in verse 4. Matthew Henry and John Gill read the appearance as the Son before his incarnation. Others take the angel as a created messenger.

The record, by era

The Church Fathers5 voices

A commentator

Prudentius

THE DIVINITY OF CHRIST 49-70 · Written before 410.

proposed

It was the Word, breathed from the Father's mouth, Who of the Virgin took a mortal frame. The human form that not yet in the flesh Appeared to Moses wore a brow like ours, Since God, who would by power of the Word Assume a …

A commentator

Augustine of Hippo

THE TRINITY 2.13.23 · Written before 430.

proposed

And here he is first called the angel of the Lord and then God. Is the angel then the God of Abraham, the God of Isaac and the God of Jacob? Therefore he may be rightly understood to be the Savior himself of whom the apostle says, "Whose are the fathers, and from whom is Christ according to the flesh, who is over all things, God blessed forever." Hence even here he, who is the God blessed over all things forever, is not unreasonably understood to be himself the God of Abraham, the God of Isaac and the God of Jacob. But why was he previously called the angel of the Lord when he appeared in the flame of fire from the bush? Was it because he was one of many angels but by a dispensation represented the person of his Lord? Or was something belonging to a creature assumed which might appear visibly for the task at hand and from which words might be uttered in an audible way, whereby the presence of the Lord would also become known to the bodily senses of man, as circumstances required, by means of a creature made subject to him? For if he was one of the angels, who can readily affirm whether the person given him to announce was that of the Son, or of the Holy Spirit, or of God the Father or of the Trinity itself altogether, who is the one and only God, in order that he might say, "I am the God of Abraham, the God of Isaac and the God of Jacob"?For we cannot say that the God of Abraham, the God of Isaac and the God of Jacob is the Son of God and not the Father. Nor will anyone dare to deny that either the Holy Spirit or the Trinity itself, which we believe and understand to be the one God, is the God of Abraham, the God of Isaac and the God of Jacob. For he who is not God is not the God of those fathers. […]

A commentator

Caesarius of Arles

SERMON 96.1 · Written before 542.

proposed

It was not without reason, beloved brethren, nor without the signification of some mystery that there was a flame in the bush: "And the bush was not consumed." Indeed, the bush was a genus of thorns. What the earth has produced for sinful man cannot …

A commentator

Pacian of Barcelona

Commentary (church-history corpus) · Written before 391.

proposed

What does this mean? The vision that is said to have appeared to Moses in the desert is sometimes called an angel, sometimes the Lord. It means this: he is called angel when he served by speaking externally, and Lord, because he ruled within and …

A commentator

Eusebius of Caesarea

PROOF OF THE GOSPEL 5.11.238 · Written before 339.

proposed

And when an angel appears to Moses, Holy Scripture also makes it plain, saying, "The angel of the Lord appeared to him in a flame of fire in a bush." But when it refers to the actual being who replies, it calls him God and Lord and no longer an angel. It is equally clear in its distinction between the angel and the Lord in the account of what happened at the Red Sea.
12 more voices on this verse

The Church Fathers2 voices

A commentator

Hilary of Poitiers

ON THE TRINITY 4.32 · Written before 367.

proposed

And now let us enquire whether elsewhere than in the case of Hagar the Angel of God has been discovered to be God Himself. He has been so discovered, and found to be not only God, but the God of Abraham and of Isaac and of Jacob. For the Angel of the Lord appeared to Moses from the bush; and Whose voice, think you, are we to suppose was heard? The voice of Him Who was seen, or of Another? There is no room for deception; the words of Scripture are clear: And the Angel of the Lord appeared unto him in a flame of fire from a bush, and again, The Lord called unto him from the bush, Moses, Moses, and he answered, What is it? And the Lord said, Draw not nigh hither, put off thy shoes from off thy feet, for the place whereon thou standest is holy ground. And He said unto him, I am the God of Abraham, and the God of Isaac, and the God of Jacob. He who appeared in the bush speaks from the bush; the place of the vision and of the voice is one; He Who speaks is none other than He Who was seen. He Who is the Angel of God when the eye beholds Him is the Lord when the ear hears Him, and the Lord Whose voice is heard is recognised as the God of Abraham, and of Isaac, and of Jacob. When He is styled the Angel of God, the fact is revealed that He is no self-contained and solitary Being: for He is the Angel of God. When He is designated Lord and God, He receives the full title which is due to His nature and His name. You have, then, in the Angel Who appeared from the bush, Him Who is Lord and God.

A commentator

Ephrem the Syrian

COMMENTARY ON EXODUS 3:2 · Written before 373.

proposed

The bush which was unsuitable even as an image of dead gods was able to depict within itself the mystery of the living God. Moses, this is a sign to you: as you saw God dwelling in the midst of fire, by fire must you …

The Medieval Church5 voices

A commentator

Bonaventure

Collations on the Hexaemeron, Collation 3 · Written in the 13th century.

proposed

Hence Moses, after he had led the flock across the desert, saw a bush which, though on fire, was not consumed. "I must go over," he said, "to look at this remarkable sight, and see why the bush is not burned." And there he was …

A commentator

Bonaventure

Collations on the Hexaemeron, Collation 11 · Written in the 13th century.

proposed

By means of diffusion, as of brightness out of light, of heat out of fire, of a river out of its headspring, of rain out of a full or humid cloud. In the first diffusion, equality is lacking, for brightness is not the same as …

A commentator

Paterius

EXPOSITION OF THE OLD AND NEW TESTAMENT, EXODUS 7 · Written before 606.

proposed

What does this mean? The vision that is said to have appeared to Moses in the desert is sometimes called an angel, sometimes the Lord. It means this: he is called angel when he served by speaking externally, and Lord, because he ruled within and …

A commentator

Bonaventure

Collationes de Septem Donis, Collation 6 · Written in the 13th century.

proposed

It is said in Exodus: "That the bush burned and was not consumed," that is, the glorious Virgin, bringing forth the Son of God and light, gave light to the world through the fire of divine love and was not corrupted. The love of charity …

A commentator

Bonaventure

Collationes de Septem Donis, Collation 6 · Written in the 13th century.

proposed

A figure preceded in the bush and fire, which Moses saw; a figure in the rod and flower of Aaron; a figure in the fleece and dew of Gideon. Whence Bernard says: "What was shown to Moses in the bush and fire, to Aaron in …

The Puritans and the Awakening2 voices

A commentator

Matthew Henry

1662–1714

Commentary on the Whole Bible (1710)

It was an angel of the Lord that appeared to him; some think, a created angel, who speaks in the language of him that sent him; others, the second person, the angel of the covenant, who is himself Jehovah. It was an extraordinary manifestation of the divine presence and glory; what was visible was produced by the ministry of an angel, but he heard God in it speaking to him.
And the Angel of the Lord appeared unto him,....

The Nineteenth Century3 voices

A commentator

Adam Clarke

1762–1832

Commentary on the Bible · Written before 1832.

The angel of the Lord - Not a created angel certainly; for he is called יהוה Jehovah, Exo 3:4, etc., and has the most expressive attributes of the Godhead applied to him, Exo 3:14, etc. Yet he is an angel, מלאך malach, a messenger, in whom was the name of God, Exo 23:21; and in whom dwelt all the fullness of the Godhead bodily, Col 2:9; and who, in all these primitive times, was the Messenger of the covenant, Mal 3:1. And who was this but Jesus, the Leader, Redeemer, and Savior of mankind? See Clarke’s note on Gen 16:

A commentator

Jamieson, Fausset & Brown

1802–1910

Commentary Critical and Explanatory on the Whole Bible (1871)

A fire, therefore, being in the midst of such a desert bush was a "great sight." It is generally supposed to have been emblematic of the Israelites' condition in Egypt--oppressed by a grinding servitude and a bloody persecution, and yet, in spite of the cruel policy that was bent on annihilating them, they continued as numerous and thriving as ever.
The angel of the Lord - See the note at Gen 12:7. What Moses saw was the flame of fire in the bush; what he recognized therein was an intimation of the presence of God, who maketh a flame of fire His angel. Compare Psa 104:4. The words which Moses heard were those of God Himself, as all ancient and most modern divines have held, manifested in the Person of the Son. Of a bush - Literally, of the bush or “seneh,” a word which ought perhaps to be retained as the proper name of a thorny shrub common in that district, a species of acacia.

How the passage was read

What the Jewish commentators add

On the verses either side of this one

Moshe tended the sheep of his father-in-law Yisro, priest [ minister ] of Midian.
Targum · Onkelos Exodus 3:1, via Sefaria, Metsudah Chumash, Metsudah Publications, 2009 [with Onkelos translation]

This section is reception history: how the passage was read and kept in the Jewish tradition. Where a reading parts from an essential of the Christian faith, the section says so at that point.

Texts and citation data: Sefaria; each excerpt follows its version’s licence. 3 further sources are cited on this chapter that carry no English text this site may quote or only restate the verse.

The words behind it

16 Hebrew words

Every Hebrew word of this verse in the order it stands, with what it means and the door to its own study. The last column counts the times a word stands in the whole Bible: the rarer the word, the more the places it appears belong together.

  • וַ֠יֵּרָאand he appeared

    vaiyera'H7200 →1300 times

  • מַלְאַ֨ךְ[the] angel of

    malakhH4397 →213 times

  • יְהֹוָ֥הYahweh

    yahwehH3068 →6520 times

  • אֵלָ֛יוto him

    ʾelavH413 →5510 times

  • בְּלַבַּת־in a flame of

    belabat-H3827 →

  • אֵ֖שׁfire

    ʾeshH784 →378 times

  • מִתּ֣וֹךְfrom [the] middle of

    mitokhH8432 →418 times

  • הַסְּנֶ֑הthe bush

    hasenehH5572 →6 times

  • וַיַּ֗רְאand he saw

    vaiyar'H7200 →1300 times

  • וְהִנֵּ֤הand there!

    vehinehH2009 →843 times

  • הַסְּנֶה֙the bush

    hasenehH5572 →6 times

  • בֹּעֵ֣ר[was] burning

    boerH1197 →94 times

  • בָּאֵ֔שׁwith <the> fire

    baeshH784 →378 times

  • וְהַסְּנֶ֖הand the bush

    vehasenehH5572 →6 times

  • אֵינֶ֥נּוּnot it

    ʾeinenuH369 →789 times

  • אֻכָּֽל׃[was] consumed

    ʾukalH398 →810 times

A shaded row is a word that stands 400 times or fewer in the Bible.

The walk

8 stops

Each card is a verse this one points to, and under it the verses that one points to in turn. Where several paths arrive at the same place, that place is listed first: the text keeps returning to it.

  • Through

    Isaiah 43:2

    When you pass through the waters, I will be with you; and when you go through the rivers, they will not overwhelm you. When you walk through the fire, you will not be scorched;…

    it leads to

    • Isaiah 41:10

      Do not fear, for I am with you; do not be afraid, for I am your God. I will strengthen you; I will surely help you; I will uphold you with My right hand…

    • Joshua 1:9

      Have I not commanded you to be strong and courageous? Do not be afraid; do not be discouraged, for the LORD your God is with you wherever you go.”

    • Psalms 66:12

      You let men ride over our heads; we went through fire and water, but You brought us into abundance.

    • Psalms 23:4

      Even though I walk through the valley of the shadow of death, I will fear no evil, for You are with me; Your rod and Your staff, they comfort me.

    • Daniel 3:25–27

      “Look!” he exclaimed. “I see four men, unbound and unharmed, walking around in the fire—and the fourth looks like a son of the gods!”

  • Through

    Psalms 66:12

    You let men ride over our heads; we went through fire and water, but You brought us into abundance.

    it leads to

    • Isaiah 43:1–2

      Now this is what the LORD says— He who created you, O Jacob, and He who formed you, O Israel: “Do not fear, for I have redeemed you; I have called you by your…

    • Isaiah 51:23

      I will place it in the hands of your tormentors, who told you: ‘Lie down, so we can walk over you,’ so that you made your back like the ground, like a street to…

  • Through

    Mark 12:26

    But concerning the dead rising, have you not read about the burning bush in the Book of Moses, how God told him, ‘I am the God of Abraham, the God of Isaac, and the…

    it leads to

    • Exodus 3:2–6

      There the angel of the LORD appeared to him in a blazing fire from within a bush. Moses saw the bush ablaze with fire, but it was not consumed.

Where this verse is studied

About Exodus

The Israelites Leaving Egypt, David Roberts, 1829. Public domain.
The Israelites Leaving Egypt, David Roberts, 1829. Public domain.
This page draws on 18 works. Open the list of works

This page draws on Adam Clarke, Commentary on the Bible; Albert Barnes, Notes, Explanatory and Practical, on the Old and New Testaments (1832-1869); Augustine of Hippo, THE TRINITY 2.13.23; Bonaventure, Collations on the Hexaemeron, Collation 3; Bonaventure, Collations on the Hexaemeron, Collation 11; Bonaventure, Collationes de Septem Donis, Collation 6; Caesarius of Arles, SERMON 96.1; Clement of Alexandria, The Instructor Book 2; Ephrem the Syrian, COMMENTARY ON EXODUS 3:2; Eusebius of Caesarea, PROOF OF THE GOSPEL 5.11.238; Hilary of Poitiers, ON THE TRINITY 4.32; Jamieson, Fausset & Brown, Commentary Critical and Explanatory on the Whole Bible; John Gill, Exposition of the Old Testament; John Gill, Exposition of the Old Testament (1748-1763); Matthew Henry, Commentary on the Whole Bible; Pacian of Barcelona, Commentary (church-history corpus); Paterius, EXPOSITION OF THE OLD AND NEW TESTAMENT, EXODUS 7 and Prudentius, THE DIVINITY OF CHRIST 49-70.