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Exodus 1:14

and made their lives bitter with hard labor in brick and mortar, and with all kinds of work in the fields. Every service they imposed was harsh.

BSB

Parallel translations (2) ▾

ASV

and they made their lives bitter with hard service, in mortar and in brick, and in all manner of service in the field, all their service, wherein they made them serve with rigor.

KJV

And they made their lives bitter with hard bondage, in morter, and in brick, and in all manner of service in the field: all their service, wherein they made them serve, was with rigour.

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Commentary

2 voices

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Original language & word study

17 tagged words
OriginalTransliterationMeaningWord study
וַיְמָרְר֨וּvay.ma.re.Ruand they made bitterH4843 →
אֶת־'et-<obj.>H853 →
חַיֵּיהֶ֜םchai.yei.Hemlives theirH2416 →
בַּעֲבֹדָ֣הba.'a.vo.Dahwith laborH5656 →
קָשָׁ֗הka.ShahhardH7186 →
בְּחֹ֙מֶר֙be.Cho.merin mortarH2563 →
וּבִלְבֵנִ֔יםu.vil.ve.Nimand in bricksH3843 →
וּבְכָל־u.ve.Khol-and in allH3605 →
עֲבֹדָ֖ה'a.vo.DahlaborH5656 →
בַּשָּׂדֶ֑הba.sa.Dehin the fieldH7704 →
אֵ֚ת'et<obj.>H853 →
כָּל־kol-allH3605 →
עֲבֹ֣דָתָ֔ם'a.Vo.da.Tamlabor theirH5656 →
אֲשֶׁר־'a.Sher-whichH834 →
עָבְד֥וּ'a.ve.Duthey laboredH5647 →
בָהֶ֖םva.Hemby <the> them
בְּפָֽרֶךְ׃be.Fa.rekhwith harshnessH6531 →

The walk

Related verses

18 strongest cross-references

The gold bar shows how strongly the cross-reference sources tie the two verses together: a long bar means many compiled references make the connection, a short one means few.

Acts 7:19He exploited our people and oppressed our fathers, forcing them to abandon their infants so they would die.Genesis 11:3And they said to one another, “Come, let us make bricks and bake them thoroughly.” So they used brick instead of stone, and tar instead of mortar.Numbers 20:15how our fathers went down to Egypt, where we lived many years. The Egyptians mistreated us and our fathers,Exodus 6:9Moses relayed this message to the Israelites, but on account of their broken spirit and cruel bondage, they did not listen to him.Exodus 2:23After a long time, the king of Egypt died. The Israelites groaned and cried out under their burden of slavery, and their cry for deliverance from bondage ascended to God.Isaiah 58:6Isn’t this the fast that I have chosen: to break the chains of wickedness, to untie the cords of the yoke, to set the oppressed free and tear off every yoke?Acts 7:34I have indeed seen the oppression of My people in Egypt. I have heard their groaning and have come down to deliver them. Now come, I will send you back to Egypt.’Psalms 81:6“I relieved his shoulder of the burden; his hands were freed from the basket.Exodus 12:8They are to eat the meat that night, roasted over the fire, along with unleavened bread and bitter herbs.Exodus 5:7–21“You shall no longer supply the people with straw for making bricks. They must go and gather their own straw.Exodus 20:2“I am the LORD your God, who brought you out of the land of Egypt, out of the house of slavery.Psalms 68:13Though you lie down among the sheepfolds, the wings of the dove are covered with silver, and her feathers with shimmering gold.”Isaiah 14:6It struck the peoples in anger with unceasing blows; it subdued the nations in rage with relentless persecution.Deuteronomy 4:20Yet the LORD has taken you and brought you out of the iron furnace, out of Egypt, to be the people of His inheritance, as you are today.Isaiah 51:23I will place it in the hands of your tormentors, who told you: ‘Lie down, so we can walk over you,’ so that you made your back like the ground, like a street to be traversed.”Exodus 1:13They worked the Israelites ruthlesslyGenesis 15:13Then the LORD said to Abram, “Know for certain that your descendants will be strangers in a land that is not their own, and they will be enslaved and mistreated four hundred years.Isaiah 52:5And now what have I here? declares the LORD. For My people have been taken without cause; those who rule them taunt, declares the LORD, and My name is blasphemed continually all day long.

Featured studies on this passage

The Departure of the Israelites — David Roberts

On Exodus 1:14

Exodus: the Study Guide

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The Finding of Moses — Lawrence Alma-Tadema

Walks through Exodus 1

Moses in the Bulrushes — Exodus 2

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About Exodus

The Giving of the Law on Mount Sinai — Gustave Doré, Doré's English Bible (1866), public domain
The Giving of the Law on Mount Sinai — Gustave Doré, Doré's English Bible (1866), public domain
Exodus: the study guide →Read chapter 1 →The featured study →
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