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Exodus 17:8

in Exodus 17

After this, the Amalekites came and attacked the Israelites at Rephidim.

BSB

The same verse in ASV and KJV

ASV

Then came Amalek, and fought with Israel in Rephidim.

KJV

Then came Amalek, and fought with Israel in Rephidim.

This verse in Exodus 17

Commentary

10 notes on this verse
Then came Amalek,.... The Amalekites, who were not the posterity of Amalek, a son of Eliphaz, the son of Esau, by Timna the concubine of Eliphaz, Gen 36:12 who dwelt in the desert, to the south of Judea, beyond the city Petra, as you go to Aila, as Jerom says (t); and so the Targum of Jonathan describes them as coming from the south; and Aben Ezra interprets them a nation that inhabited the southern country.

This site's exposition

Then came Amalek, and fought with Israel

This is the first war Israel fights as a nation, and it comes before the law, before the tabernacle and directly after the water. Matthew Henry and Adam Clarke both trace Amalek to Esau by way of Eliphaz at Genesis 36:12, which would make the first nation to attack Israel a relative. John Gill records the objection that the desert Amalekites look older than that son of Eliphaz, so the descent is a reading held by named men rather than a settled fact. Deuteronomy 25:18 supplies what Exodus leaves out, that they struck the faint and weary at the back of the column.

The record, by era

The Church Fathers1 voice

A commentator

Augustine of Hippo

THE TRINITY 4.15.20 · Written in the 5th century.

proposed

There is no vice which the divine law resists more [than pride]. That most proud spirit becomes an obstacle to things above and a mediator to things below. It thereby receives a greater power of domination, unless one avoids the secret snares he is laying by going along a different way. If he is openly raging through a sinful people, he is like Amalek. By his opposition he denies the passage to the land of promise. He then must be overcome by the cross of Christ, which was prefigured by the extended hands of Moses.

The Puritans and the Awakening1 voice

A commentator

Matthew Henry

1662–1714

Commentary on the Whole Bible (1710)

The Amalekites were the posterity of Esau, who hated Jacob because of the birthright and blessing, and this was an effort of the hereditary enmity, a malice that ran in the blood, and perhaps was now exasperated by the working of the promise towards an accomplishment.

The Nineteenth Century3 voices

THERE were two great trials which the children of Israel had to endure in passing onward to the promised rest— their needs and their enemies. But I must add a third, which sprang out of these two by reason of the unbelief of their hearts. That third evil, far worse than the other two, was their sins. Probably, my Brothers and Sisters, you have found out by now that you could contentedly endure your needs, and could courageously contend with your foes if you were not weakened and hampered by your sins.
THERE were two great trials which the children of Israel had to endure in passing onward to the promised rest— their needs and their enemies. But I must add a third, which sprang out of these two by reason of the unbelief of their hearts. That third evil, far worse than the other two, was their sins. Probably, my Brothers and Sisters, you have found out by now that you could contentedly endure your needs, and could courageously contend with your foes if you were not weakened and hampered by your sins. A man's worst foes are those of his own household. As for Israel's needs, I think Israel may be congratulated in having known them. For suppose they could have brought with them enough provision from Goshen, or could have been supplied by trading purveyors? They would never have been honored to feed upon the manna which dropped from Heaven! And suppose a canal had been dug for them to flow at the edge of the whole road of their march? Or that they could have found a succession of wells hard by the spots where they pitched their tents? Then they never would have drank of that marvelous Rock whose flints gushed with water, of which the Apostle tells us that it was Christ, or an eminent type of Christ. They were gentlemen-commoners upon the bounty of Heaven—courtiers fed from the table of the King of kings! They were lifted up to eat angels' food—they were satisfied with royal dainties. In this light, they are to be congratulated for their needs, for, if they had not known hunger, nor thirst, neither had they eaten manna, nor had they drank the water from the Rock. And you, Beloved, are much in the same case.
IN trying to understand the Truth of God we are in great danger of being one-sided. One man catches at part of a Truth of God and says, "That is it and that is the whole of it." Another man lays hold of another side of the Truth of God and he says, "This is the whole of it" and, straightaway, there arises a contention between them. They are like the men who quarreled as to the material of which a certain shield was made. One of them said that it was a golden shield.
3 more voices on this verse

The Nineteenth Century3 voices

IN trying to understand the Truth of God we are in great danger of being one-sided. One man catches at part of a Truth of God and says, "That is it and that is the whole of it." Another man lays hold of another side of the Truth of God and he says, "This is the whole of it" and, straightaway, there arises a contention between them. They are like the men who quarreled as to the material of which a certain shield was made. One of them said that it was a golden shield. The other was equally sure that it was a silver one, whereas it so happened that it was gold on one side and silver on the other. So they fiercely wrangled when they might very well have been agreed if they had known a little more. Most Truths of God have two sides and it is well to try to see both of them. Nearly every doctrine in the Word of God is balanced by some other doctrine and many of the differences among the people of God have arisen from the undue stress which has been laid on one aspect of the Truth while the other side has been altogether neglected. This danger very frequently besets us. For instance, some see the Sovereignty of God and are so carried away with that sublime Truth, that they deny the responsibility of man! They thus both wrest the doctrine they do know and fight against the doctrine they do not know. Others can see the universality of the Gospel invitation and, with large hearts can urge all men to turn unto God and live—but they have never seen the specialty of this redemptive work of Christ and so fail to understand the eternal purpose of God to save His chosen people. Running away with half a Truth, they are like men that go through the wilderness wearing only one shoe—they become lame in one foot—and that makes them limp all over. It does not matter which foot it is that is lame—the man is a cripple if either foot is thus afflicted.

A commentator

Adam Clarke

1762–1832

Commentary on the Bible · Written before 1832.

proposed

Then came Amalek, and fought with Israel - The Amalekites seem to have attacked the Israelites in the same way and through the same motives that the wandering Arabs attack the caravans which annually pass through the same desert. It does not appear that the Israelites gave them any kind of provocation, they seem to have attacked them merely through the hopes of plunder. The Amalekites were the posterity of Amalek, one of the dukes of Eliphaz, the son of Esau, and consequently Israel’s brother, Gen 36:15, Gen 36:
Then came Amalek - The attack occurred about two months after the Exodus, toward the end of May or early in June, when the Bedouins leave the lower plains in order to find pasture for their flocks on the cooler heights. The approach of the Israelites to Sinai would of course attract notice, and no cause of warfare is more common than a dispute for the right of pasturage. The Amalekites were at that time the most powerful race in the Peninsula; here they took their position as the chief of the pagans. They were also the first among the pagans who attacked God’s people, and as such were marked out for punishment (see the marginal references).

The words behind it

6 Hebrew words

Every Hebrew word of this verse in the order it stands, with what it means and the door to its own study. The last column counts the times a word stands in the whole Bible: the rarer the word, the more the places it appears belong together.

  • וַיָּבֹ֖אand it came

    vaiyavo'H9352568 times

  • עֲמָלֵ֑קAmalek

    ʾamalekH600239 times

  • וַיִּלָּ֥חֶםand it joined battle

    vaiyilachemH3898177 times

  • עִם־with

    ʾim-H59731050 times

  • יִשְׂרָאֵ֖לIsrael

    yisraelH34782507 times

  • בִּרְפִידִֽם׃at Rephidim

    birfidimH75085 times

A shaded row is a word that stands 400 times or fewer in the Bible.

The walk

8 stops

Each card is a verse this one points to, and under it the verses that one points to in turn. Where several paths arrive at the same place, that place is listed first: the text keeps returning to it.

  • Through

    1 Samuel 15:2

    This is what the LORD of Hosts says: ‘I witnessed what the Amalekites did to the Israelites when they ambushed them on their way up from Egypt.

    it leads to

    • Deuteronomy 25:17–19

      Remember what the Amalekites did to you along your way from Egypt,

      Reached by 2 separate paths from here.

    • Exodus 17:8–16

      After this, the Amalekites came and attacked the Israelites at Rephidim.

      Reached by 2 separate paths from here.

    • Numbers 24:20

      Then Balaam saw Amalek and lifted up an oracle, saying: “Amalek was first among the nations, but his end is destruction.”

    • Hosea 7:2

      But they fail to consider in their hearts that I remember all their evil. Now their deeds are all around them; they are before My face.

  • Through

    1 Samuel 30:1

    On the third day David and his men arrived in Ziklag, and the Amalekites had raided the Negev, attacked Ziklag, and burned it down.

    it leads to

    • 1 Samuel 15:7

      Then Saul struck down the Amalekites all the way from Havilah to Shur, which is east of Egypt.

    • 1 Samuel 29:11

      So David and his men got up early in the morning to return to the land of the Philistines. And the Philistines went up to Jezreel.

    • Joshua 11:6

      Then the LORD said to Joshua, “Do not be afraid of them, for by this time tomorrow I will deliver all of them slain before Israel. You are to hamstring their horses and burn…

  • Through

    Numbers 24:20

    Then Balaam saw Amalek and lifted up an oracle, saying: “Amalek was first among the nations, but his end is destruction.”

    it leads to

    • Exodus 17:14

      Then the LORD said to Moses, “Write this on a scroll as a reminder and recite it to Joshua, because I will utterly blot out the memory of Amalek from under heaven.”

Where this verse is studied

About Exodus

Moses Strikes the Rock at Horeb — Gustave Doré, Doré's English Bible (1866), public domain
Moses Strikes the Rock at Horeb — Gustave Doré, Doré's English Bible (1866), public domain

This page draws on Adam Clarke, Commentary on the Bible; Albert Barnes, Notes, Explanatory and Practical, on the Old and New Testaments (1832-1869); Augustine of Hippo, THE TRINITY 4.15.20; Charles Spurgeon, The Metropolitan Tabernacle Pulpit, Sermon No. 712: “War With Amalek” (lightly modernized text, CCEL edition); Charles Spurgeon, The Metropolitan Tabernacle Pulpit, Sermon No. 2233: “Both Sides of the Shield” (lightly modernized text, CCEL edition); John Gill, Exposition of the Old Testament (1748-1763); John Gill, Exposition of the Old Testament and Matthew Henry, Commentary on the Whole Bible.