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1 Kings 19:13

in 1 Kings 19

When Elijah heard it, he wrapped his face in his cloak and went out and stood at the mouth of the cave. Suddenly a voice came to him and said, “What are you doing here, Elijah?”

BSB

The same verse in ASV and KJV

ASV

And it was so, when Elijah heard it, that he wrapped his face in his mantle, and went out, and stood in the entrance of the cave. And, behold, there came a voice unto him, and said, What doest thou here, Elijah?

KJV

And it was so, when Elijah heard it, that he wrapped his face in his mantle, and went out, and stood in the entering in of the cave. And, behold, there came a voice unto him, and said, What doest thou here, Elijah?

This verse in 1 Kings 19

Commentary

15 notes on this verse
Mantle - The upper garment, a sort of short cloak or cape - perhaps made of untanned sheepskin, which was, besides the strip of leather round his loins, the sole apparel of the prophet (compare Mat 3:4). For the action compare the marginal references. There came a voice unto him ... - The question heard before in vision is now put again to the prophet by the Lord Himself. Elijah gives no humbler and more gentle answer. He is still satisfied with his own statement of his case.

This site's exposition

wrapped his face in his mantle

on 1 Kings 19:13-14

Elijah covers his face before the voice speaks, the same instinct that made Moses hide his face at the burning bush, afraid to look upon God. Asked the identical question a second time, he gives the identical answer, word for word, from I have been very jealous to I, even I only, am left: the display at Horeb has not moved him from his complaint. The mantle he wraps around his own face here is the same garment about to be laid on a successor six verses later.

The record, by era

The Church Fathers1 voice

A commentator

Ephrem the Syrian

ON THE FIRST BOOK OF KINGS 19:13 · Written before 373.

proposed

"When Elijah heard it, he wrapped his face in his mantle and went out and stood at the entrance of the cave. Then there came a voice to him that said, 'What are you doing here, Elijah?' He answered, 'I have been very zealous for …

The Puritans and the Awakening3 voices

A commentator

Matthew Henry

1662–1714

Commentary on the Whole Bible (1710)

"What doest thou here, in this cave? Is this a place for a prophet of the Lord to lodge in? Is this a time for such men to retreat, when the public has such need of them?" In the retirement to which God sent Elijah ( ch. xvii. ) he was a blessing to a poor widow at Sarepta, but here he had no opportunity of doing good.

A commentator

John Wesley

1703–1791

Explanatory Notes upon the Old Testament (1765)

proposed

And stood, &c. - Which God commanded him to do; and as he was going towards the mouth of the cave, he was affrighted and stopped in his course, by the dreadful wind, and earthquake, and fire; when these were past, he prosecutes his journey, and goeth on to the mouth of the cave.
And it was so, when Elijah heard it, that he wrapped his face in his mantle,....

The Nineteenth Century1 voice

ELIJAH, no doubt, expected that after the wonderful display of God's power on Carmel the nation would give up its idols and would turn unto the only living and true God. Had they not confessed as with a voice of thunder, "Jehovah, He is the God! Jehovah, He is the God!"? The Prophet trusted that the heart of Ahab might, perhaps, be touched and possibly, through him, the heart of Jezebel. If she did not become converted, at least the manifest interposition of Jehovah might check her hand from future persecution.
8 more voices on this verse

The Nineteenth Century7 voices

A commentator

Jamieson, Fausset & Brown

1802–1910

Commentary Critical and Explanatory on the Whole Bible (1871)

proposed

In the solitude of Sinai, God appeared to instruct him. "What doest thou here, Elijah?" was a searching question addressed to one who had been called to so arduous and urgent a mission as his.
ELIJAH, no doubt, expected that after the wonderful display of God's power on Carmel the nation would give up its idols and would turn unto the only living and true God. Had they not confessed as with a voice of thunder, "Jehovah, He is the God! Jehovah, He is the God!"? The Prophet trusted that the heart of Ahab might, perhaps, be touched and possibly, through him, the heart of Jezebel. If she did not become converted, at least the manifest interposition of Jehovah might check her hand from future persecution. The Prophet hoped that by an influence thus established over the king and queen, the whole land would speedily glide back to its allegiance to Jehovah. Then would his stern heart have been glad before the Lord. When he found out that it was not so, his spirit fainted within him. The message from Jezebel, that he would be slain the next morning, was probably not so terrible to him as the discovery that came with it that his great demonstration against Baal was doomed to be a failure. The proud Sidonian queen would still rule over vacillating Ahab and, through Ahab, she would still keep power over the people—and the idol gods would sit safely on their thrones. The thought was gall and wormwood to the idol-hating Prophet. He became so despondent that he was ready to give up the conflict and to quit the battlefield. He could not bear to live in the land where the people were so blindly infatuated as to honor Baal and to dishonor Jehovah. He resolved to leave right away. But where shall he go? He traverses the land in hot haste. He flies into the wilderness. He will not lie down till he reaches a solitude where foot of man has not defiled the sward. But in which direction shall he hasten? He, the great Law-vindicator thinks of the spot where once stood the great Law-Giver and so he hastens off to Horeb, to the mount of God.
[Another Sermon by Mr. Spurgeon, upon verses 12 and 13, is #1668, Volume 28—THE STILL SMALL VOICE.] THERE may be a great deal more teaching in what Elijah saw and heard in the cave than I shall be able to bring out this evening. Indeed, I shall not attempt to exhaust the very wonderful practical sermon which was preached to the Prophet on the side of Mount Horeb, but in the still small voice I hear four messages. I. And first, THERE WAS A MESSAGE TO ELIJAH HIMSELF.
[Another Sermon by Mr. Spurgeon, upon verses 12 and 13, is #1668, Volume 28—THE STILL SMALL VOICE.] THERE may be a great deal more teaching in what Elijah saw and heard in the cave than I shall be able to bring out this evening. Indeed, I shall not attempt to exhaust the very wonderful practical sermon which was preached to the Prophet on the side of Mount Horeb, but in the still small voice I hear four messages. I. And first, THERE WAS A MESSAGE TO ELIJAH HIMSELF. He had, apparently, conceived the idea that the whole nation of Israel would be converted from idolatry by one grand display of Divine power. If it could once be indisputably proved that Baal was not God and that Jehovah, alone, was God, then he thought that, surely, the people would be convinced and would loyally return to their old Covenant with the one living and true God. But he found that it was not so. Although the fire of the Lord had fallen from Heaven and had consumed Elijah's sacrifice, burned up the very stones of the altar and licked up the water in the trench. And although the people had cried out, "Jehovah is God! Jehovah is God!" yet for all that, they forsook not Baal, nor the other idols that had been set up in the groves and on the high places—the sun-god was still worshipped and the God who made the sun was forgotten! Elijah seems to have also thought that a display of terrible severity was necessary to bring these people back to their allegiance to Jehovah. Hence he took the prophets of Baal and the prophets of the groves and slew them at the brook Ki-shon, not allowing any of them to escape.
ELIJAH was a man of like passions with ourselves. We all know that when we have passed through any great excitement of high joy there almost always comes following, a corresponding reaction and depression.
ELIJAH was a man of like passions with ourselves. We all know that when we have passed through any great excitement of high joy there almost always comes following, a corresponding reaction and depression. Elijah had gone to the top of Carmel and had pleaded his cause, and the rain floods had come in answer to his prayer He had taken the prophets of Baal, and had slain them, and gained a glorious victory for his God; and so full of excitement was he that he girded his loins as though he had been a young man, and ran before the chariot of Ahab, like the royal footmen. It was almost inevitable that after an excitement so high, and strong, that he should be desponding and depressed in spirits, and we find that he was so depressed. If the like should ever happen to any of you' my brethren and sisters, count it no strange thing, nor suppose that some extraordinary trial hath happened unto you. It is but a physical result from physical causes. The mind has operated upon the body. It has strung the bow too tightly, and now, unless the string be relaxed, there is a danger of its breaking altogether. Now as Elias was a man of like passions with us, we may conclude that the way in which God dealt with him is very much the way in which he would deal with us. With a similar case, and the same physician, we may look for the same treatment. As, therefore, the Lord spake to Elijah not by earthquake, nor wind, nor fire, but by the still small voice, so in all probability will he speak to us. It may be, it is just possible it may be, that here to-night there is some worker for God very much in the same condition as Elijah. You, my dear brother, have been working for God in a neighbourhood where you have met with little but opposition and disappointment, and you have almost resolved that you will go away from the place. "The soil is hard," you say, "and breaks the ploughshare.

A commentator

Adam Clarke

1762–1832

Commentary on the Bible · Written before 1832.

proposed

Wrapped his face in his mantle - This he did to signify his respect; so Moses hid his face, for he dared not to look upon God Exo 3:6. Covering the face was a token of respect among the Asiatics, as uncovering the head is among the Europeans.

Modern Voices1 voice

Elijah described it as a still, small voice (see 1 Kings 19:12-13). I had previously listened for an inner audible voice, and God does speak that way at times. However, I have found that usually God's voice comes as spontaneous thoughts, visions, feelings, or impressions.

How the passage was read

What the Jewish commentators add

He wrapped his face. [Targum Yonoson rendered,] “and he wrapped his face,” 8 In the same manner that Moshe covered his face at the “burning bush” in Shemos:6. and so it states, “wrapped up [לוטה] in a cloth.” 9 I Shmuel:10.
Rashi: France, 1040–1105 · Rashi on I Kings 19:13:1, via Sefaria, The Metsudah Tanach series, Lakewood, N.J
1 more on this passage, in their own words ▾
Fire. [Targum Yonoson rendered,] “a camp of angels of fire.”
Rashi: France, 1040–1105 · Rashi on I Kings 19:12:1, via Sefaria, The Metsudah Tanach series, Lakewood, N.J

This section is reception history: how the passage was read and kept in the Jewish tradition. Where a reading parts from an essential of the Christian faith, the section says so at that point.

Texts and citation data: Sefaria; each excerpt follows its version’s licence. 3 further sources are cited on this chapter that carry no English text this site may quote or only restate the verse.

The words behind it

18 Hebrew words

Every Hebrew word of this verse in the order it stands, with what it means and the door to its own study. The last column counts the times a word stands in the whole Bible: the rarer the word, the more the places it appears belong together.

  • וַיְהִ֣י׀and it was

    vayhiH19613559 times

  • כִּשְׁמֹ֣עַwhen heard

    kishmoa'H80851159 times

  • אֵלִיָּ֗הוּElijah

    ʾeliyahuH45271 times

  • וַיָּ֤לֶטand he wrapped

    vaiyaletH3874

  • פָּנָיו֙face his

    panavH64402123 times

  • בְּאַדַּרְתּ֔וֹin cloak his

    beadartoH155

  • וַיֵּצֵ֕אand he went out

    vaiyetze'H33181067 times

  • וַֽיַּעֲמֹ֖דand he stood

    vaiyaamodH5975521 times

  • פֶּ֣תַח[the] entrance of

    petachH6607164 times

  • הַמְּעָרָ֑הthe cave

    hamearahH463137 times

  • וְהִנֵּ֤הand there!

    vehinehH2009843 times

  • אֵלָיו֙[was] to him

    ʾelavH4135510 times

  • ק֔וֹלa voice

    kolH6963506 times

  • וַיֹּ֕אמֶרand it said

    vaiyomerH5595305 times

  • מַה־what?

    mah-H4100752 times

  • לְּךָ֥[is] to you

    lekha

  • פֹ֖הhere

    fohH631182 times

  • אֵלִיָּֽהוּ׃O Elijah

    ʾeliyahuH45271 times

A shaded row is a word that stands 400 times or fewer in the Bible.

The walk

8 stops

Each card is a verse this one points to, and under it the verses that one points to in turn. Where several paths arrive at the same place, that place is listed first: the text keeps returning to it.

  • Through

    Isaiah 6:5

    Then I said: “Woe is me, for I am ruined, because I am a man of unclean lips dwelling among a people of unclean lips; for my eyes have seen the King, the LORD…

    it leads to

    • Luke 5:8–9

      When Simon Peter saw this, he fell at Jesus’ knees. “Go away from me, Lord,” he said, “for I am a sinful man.”

    • James 3:6–10

      The tongue also is a fire, a world of wickedness among the parts of the body. It pollutes the whole person, sets the course of his life on fire, and is itself set on…

    • Jeremiah 9:3–8

      “They bend their tongues like bows; lies prevail over truth in the land. For they proceed from evil to evil, and they do not take Me into account,” declares the LORD.

    • Jeremiah 1:6

      “Ah, Lord GOD,” I said, “I surely do not know how to speak, for I am only a child!”

    • Matthew 12:34–37

      You brood of vipers, how can you who are evil say anything good? For out of the overflow of the heart, the mouth speaks.

  • Through

    Exodus 33:23

    Then I will take My hand away, and you will see My back; but My face must not be seen.”

    it leads to

    • Exodus 33:20

      But He added, “You cannot see My face, for no one can see Me and live.”

    • John 1:18

      No one has ever seen God, but the one and only Son, who is Himself God and is at the Father’s side, has made Him known.

  • Through

    1 Kings 19:9

    There Elijah entered a cave and spent the night. And the word of the LORD came to him, saying, “What are you doing here, Elijah?”

    it leads to

    • Genesis 3:9

      But the LORD God called out to the man, “Where are you?”

Where this verse is studied

About 1 Kings

Elijah Is Nourished by an Angel — Gustave Doré, Doré's English Bible (1866), public domain
Elijah Is Nourished by an Angel — Gustave Doré, Doré's English Bible (1866), public domain
This page draws on 11 works. Open the list of works

This page draws on Adam Clarke, Commentary on the Bible; Albert Barnes, Notes, Explanatory and Practical, on the Old and New Testaments (1832-1869); Charles Spurgeon, The Metropolitan Tabernacle Pulpit, Sermon No. 1668: “The Still Small Voice” (lightly modernized text, CCEL edition); Charles Spurgeon, The Metropolitan Tabernacle Pulpit, Sermon No. 3171: “A Voice With Four Messages” (lightly modernized text, CCEL edition); Charles Spurgeon, The Metropolitan Tabernacle Pulpit, Sermon No. 3498: “God's Gentle Power” (lightly modernized text, CCEL edition); Ephrem the Syrian, ON THE FIRST BOOK OF KINGS 19:13; Jamieson, Fausset & Brown, Commentary Critical and Explanatory on the Whole Bible; John Gill, Exposition of the Old Testament (1748-1763); John Wesley, Explanatory Notes upon the Old Testament; Mark Virkler, 4 Keys to Hearing God – You Can Hear God's Voice! (Elijah List article) and Matthew Henry, Commentary on the Whole Bible.