Exodus31chapter 31

The Sabbath commanded in the last verses of this chapter is one of the points where Exodus is kept rather than only read. The lane's design block names Exodus 31:12 to 17, with 20:8 and 35:1 to 3, as the places in this book that set the weekly rest a Jewish household still keeps. What is done in the home and the synagogue on that day is carried by no file in this repository. This card names the command and leaves the customs to the pages that carry them.

The chapter names the craftsmen and then guards the Sabbath against the work they are given. Rashi reads the two gifts given to Bezalel as two different things. Wisdom "is what a person hears from others and learns", while understanding is working a matter out by one's own reasoning from what has been learned (Rashi on Exodus 31:3:1 and 31:3:2). The devising of designs he takes as the weaving of an artist's work (Rashi on Exodus 31:4:1). Others beside Bezalel and Oholiab are included, since God had given wisdom to the wise hearted among them as well (Rashi on Exodus 31:6:1). On the garments of service he weighs two readings and says which he holds. He reports the reading that takes the word as service, and notes that Scripture offers no second example of it. His own view is that it is an Aramaic term for net work (Rashi on Exodus 31:10:2). The turn to the Sabbath he reads as a limit set on the building itself. Moses is told that the work of the tabernacle makes no light thing of setting the Sabbath aside (Rashi on Exodus 31:13:1). The rest of the fifteenth verse is "reposeful rest", a settled thing rather than a casual one (Rashi on Exodus 31:15:1). The death penalty of the fourteenth verse he limits to a court case with witnesses and a warning given immediately before the act (Rashi on Exodus 31:14:1). On the giving of the tablets he states the principle that governs his reading of the next chapters, that the Torah keeps no chronological order. He dates the breaking of the tablets to the seventeenth of Tammuz (Rashi on Exodus 31:18:1). Rashi is quoted from the Rosenbaum and Silbermann edition of 1929 to 1934, public domain. Ibn Ezra comments at Exodus 31:1:1, 31:2:1, 31:6:1, 31:7:1, 31:12:1 and 31:16:1 under a licence that keeps his text off this page. Malbim comments at Exodus 31:4:1 with no English version in the corpus.

The corpus records forty places where the Midrash and the Talmud draw on this chapter, cited here by reference. The wisdom given to Bezalel is read in Berakhot at 55a:10, 55a:12, 55a:13 and 55a:14. The Ein Yaakov collections carry the same passage at Berakhot 9:3 and 9:7, and the Jerusalem Talmud at Berakhot 4:3:6. Midrash Tanchuma reads the calling of Bezalel at Ki Tisa 12:1, and Midrash Tanchuma Buber at Vayera 7:1. Midrash Lekach Tov follows the list of the work at Exodus 31:4:1, 31:7:1, 31:10:1, 31:10:2, 31:11:1 and 31:11:2. The Sabbath verses are read in the Jerusalem Talmud at Shabbat 1:1:20 and Horayot 3:5:15, and in Beitzah at 13b:13 and 16a:7. They stand in Avot DeRabbi Natan at 1:2 and 16:2, and in Recension B at 21:12. Bereshit Rabbah 46:9 reads the sign of the covenant, and Eikhah Rabbah 4:16 the rest. Bamidbar Rabbah carries the chapter at 12:8, 12:10, 13:16 and 23:6.